Skybox
Skybox is a technique used to fake a distant view with 2D textures. Generally, those textures are stored in a cube map. A cube map consists of 6 textures, and those textures together form a cube. The distant view (mostly the sky) is rendered to the interior of the cube. That's why it is called skybox.
To make a skybox realistic, the view must be distant enough so that even the viewer moves, it barely change. This is the same as our experience in the real world, when we walk toward a sky.
License
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2021, Jiang Ye
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Note
According to OpenGL Wiki, the face orientation and the corresponding parameter is as following:
GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X (0) --> right
GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X (1) --> left
GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y (2) --> top
GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y (3) --> bottom
GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z (4) --> back (*)
GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z (5) --> front (*)
(*) The coordinate system used in cube map has a reversed z axis, compared to the world space.
That's why the back and front direction have been reversed.
Logically, images should be written into their corresponding spots.
For example, right.png into GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X and top.png into GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y.
However, in my program, when I do that, I get a disordered skybox.
So I have to reorder those images or the skybox vertices to get a correct result.
Finally, the code has become something like this:
"left.png" --> GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X
"right.png" --> GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X
"bottom.png" --> GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y
"top.png" --> GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y
"front.png" --> GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z
"back.png" --> GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z
and the skybox vertices is something like:
{rightFace, leftFace, topFace, bottomFace, frontFace, backFace}
I cannot figure out why, and since the result is fine, I've decided to ignore this problem for now.
Result
