This guide walks you through the process of creating load-balanced microservices.
You’ll build a microservice application that uses Spring Cloud LoadBalancer to provide client-side load-balancing in calls to another microservice.
Our "server" service is called "Say Hello".
It will return a random greeting (picked out of a static list of three) from an endpoint accessible at /greeting.
In src/main/java/hello, create the file SayHelloApplication.java. It should look like this:
say-hello/src/main/java/hello/SayHelloApplication.java
link:complete/say-hello/src/main/java/hello/SayHelloApplication.java[role=include]It’s a simple @RestController, where we have one @RequestMapping method for /greeting and then another for the root path /.
We’re going to run multiple instances of this application locally alongside a client service application, so create the directory src/main/resources, create the file application.yml within it, and then, in that file, set a default value for server.port.
(We’ll instruct the other instances of the application to run on other ports, as well, so that none of the Say Hello instances will conflict with the client when we get that running).
While we’re in this file, we’ll set the spring.application.name for our service too.
say-hello/src/main/resources/application.yml
link:complete/say-hello/src/main/resources/application.yml[role=include]The "User" application will be what our user sees.
It will make a call to the Say Hello application to get a greeting and then send that to our user when the user visits the endpoints at /hi and /hello.
In the User application directory, under src/main/java/hello, add the file UserApplication.java:
user/src/main/java/hello/UserApplication.java
link:complete/user/src/main/java/hello/UserApplication.java[role=include]We also add a @Configuration class where we will set up a load-balanced WebClient.Builder instance:
user/src/main/java/hello/WebClientConfig.java
link:complete/user/src/main/java/hello/WebClientConfig.java[role=include]The configuration provides a @LoadBalanced WebClient.Builder instance, that we use when someone hits the hi endpoint of
UserApplication.java.
Once the hi endpoint is hit, we will use this builder to create a WebClient instance which will be used to make an HTTP GET request to the Say Hello service’s URL and give us the result as a String.
In UserApplication.java, we have also added a /hello endpoint that does the same action underneath, however, rather than using the @LoadBalanced annotation, we make use of an @Autowired load-balancer exchange filter function lbFunction that we pass using the filter() method to a WebClient instance that we are building programmatically.
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Tip
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Even though we set up the load-balanced WebClient instance slightly differently for the two endpoints, the end behaviour for both is exactly the same.
Spring Cloud LoadBalancer is used underneath to select an appropriate instance of the "Say Hello" service.
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Add the spring.application.name and server.port properties to src/main/resources/application.properties or src/main/resources/application.yml:
user/src/main/resources/application.yml
link:complete/user/src/main/resources/application.yml[role=include]Now we can access /hi or hello on the User service and see a friendly greeting:
$ curl http://localhost:8888/hi
Greetings, Mary!
$ curl http://localhost:8888/hi?name=Orontes
Salutations, Orontes!As you will see, in WebClientConfig.java, we pass a custom configuration for the LoadBalancer using the @LoadBalancerClient annotation:
@LoadBalancerClient(name = "say-hello", configuration = SayHelloConfiguration.class).
This means that whenever a service named say-hello is being contacted, instead of running with the default setup, Spring Cloud LoadBalancer will use the configuration provided in SayHelloConfiguration.java:
user/src/main/java/hello/SayHelloConfiguration.java
link:complete/user/src/main/java/hello/SayHelloConfiguration.java[role=include]There, we provide a custom ServiceInstanceListSupplier with 3 hard-coded instances that Spring Cloud LoadBalancer will choose from while making the calls to the "Say Hello" service.
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Note
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This step has been added to explain how you can pass your own custom configuration to the Spring Cloud LoadBalancer.
However, you don’t need to use the @LoadBalancerClient annotation and create your own configuration for the LoadBalancer.
The most typical way, is to use Spring Cloud LoadBalancer with service discovery.
If you have any DiscoveryClient on your classpath, the default Spring Cloud LoadBalancer configuration will use it under the hood to check for service instances. Like this, you will also only choose from instances that are up and running.
You can learn how to use ServiceDiscovery with this guide.
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We also add an application.yml file with default server.port and spring.application.name:
user/src/main/resources/application.yml
link:complete/user/src/main/resources/application.yml[role=include]Run the Say Hello service, using either Gradle:
$ ./gradlew bootRun
or Maven:
$ mvn spring-boot:run
Run other instances on ports 9092 and 9999, again using either Gradle:
$ SERVER_PORT=9092 ./gradlew bootRun
or Maven:
$ SERVER_PORT=9999 mvn spring-boot:run
Then start up the User service.
Access localhost:8888/hi and then watch the Say Hello service instances.
And your requests to the User service should result in calls to Say Hello being spread across the running instances in round-robin form:
2016-03-09 21:15:28.915 INFO 90046 --- [nio-8090-exec-7] hello.SayHelloApplication : Access /greeting
Congratulations! You’ve just developed a Spring application!