ulid

Universally Unique Lexicographically Sortable Identifier implementation for Elixir

Universally Unique Lexicographically Sortable Identifier

UUID can be suboptimal for many uses-cases because:

It isn't the most character efficient way of encoding 128 bits of randomness
The string format itself is apparently based on the original MAC & time version (UUIDv1 from Wikipedia)
It provides no other information than randomness

Instead, herein is proposed ULID:

128-bit compatibility with UUID
1.21e+24 unique ULIDs per millisecond
Lexicographically sortable!
Canonically encoded as a 26 character string, as opposed to the 36 character UUID
Uses Crockford's base32 for better efficiency and readability (5 bits per character)
Case insensitive
No special characters (URL safe)

Installation

If available in Hex, the package can be installed as:

Add ulid to your list of dependencies in mix.exs:

```elixir
def deps do
  [{:ulid, "~> 0.1.0"}]
end
```

Ensure ulid is started before your application:

```elixir
def application do
  [applications: [:ulid]]
end
```

Usage

Ulid.generate # 01ARZ3NDEKTSV4RRFFQ69G5FAV

Specification

Below is the current specification of ULID as implemented in this repository. Note: the binary format has not been implemented.

 01AN4Z07BY      79KA1307SR9X4MV3

|----------|    |----------------|
 Timestamp          Randomness
  10 chars           16 chars
   48bits             80bits
   base32             base32

Components

Timestamp

48 bit integer
UNIX-time in milliseconds
Won't run out of space till the year 10895 AD.

Randomness

80 bits
Cryptographically secure source of randomness, if possible

Sorting

The left-most character must be sorted first, and the right-most character sorted last. The default ASCII order is used for sorting.

Binary Layout and Byte Order

The components are encoded as 16 octets. Each component is encoded with the Most Significant Byte first (network byte order).

0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                      32_bit_uint_time_high                    |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     16_bit_uint_time_low      |       16_bit_uint_random      |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                       32_bit_uint_random                      |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                       32_bit_uint_random                      |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

String Representation

ttttttttttrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

where
t is Timestamp
r is Randomness

Test Suite

mix test

Benchmarking

To run the benchmarks yourself, just do the following

mix run bench/ulid_bench.exs

Operating System: Linux
CPU Information: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 v2 @ 2.60GHz
Number of Available Cores: 24
Available memory: 62.92 GB
Elixir 1.8.2
Erlang 22.0.7

Benchmark suite executing with the following configuration:
warmup: 2 s
time: 5 s
memory time: 0 ns
parallel: 1
inputs: none specified
Estimated total run time: 14 s

Benchmarking generate...
Benchmarking generate_binary...

Name                      ips        average  deviation         median         99th %
generate_binary      484.37 K        2.06 μs  ±1231.73%        1.91 μs        2.75 μs
generate             159.64 K        6.26 μs   ±417.75%        5.56 μs       12.53 μs

Comparison:
generate_binary      484.37 K
generate             159.64 K - 3.03x slower +4.20 μs

warmwaffles / ulid