This repository has course material for Bayesian Data Analysis course at Aalto (CS-E5710). Aalto students should check also MyCourses announcements.
The course material in the repo can be used in other courses. Text and videos licensed under CC-BY-NC 4.0. Code licensed under BSD-3.
The electronic version of the course book Bayesian Data Analysis, 3rd ed, by by Andrew Gelman, John Carlin, Hal Stern, David Dunson, Aki Vehtari, and Donald Rubin is available for non-commercial purposes. Hard copies are available from the publisher and many book stores. See also home page for the book, errata for the book, and chapter_notes.
The material will be updated during the course. Exercise instructions and slides will be updated at latest on Monday of the corresponding week. The best way to stay updated is to clone the repo and pull before checking new material. If you don't want to learn git and can't find the Download ZIP link, click here.
- Basic terms of probability theory
- probability, probability density, distribution
- sum, product rule, and Bayes' rule
- expectation, mean, variance, median
- in Finnish, see e.g. Stokastiikka ja tilastollinen ajattelu
- in English, see e.g. Wikipedia and Introduction to probability and statistics
- Some algebra and calculus
- Basic visualisation techniques (R or Python)
- histogram, density plot, scatter plot
- see e.g. BDA_R_demos
- see e.g. BDA_py_demos
This course has been designed so that there is strong emphasis in computational aspects of Bayesian data analysis and using the latest computational tools.
If you find BDA3 too difficult to start with, I recommend
- For background prerequisites, see, e.g., chapters 2, 4 and 5 in Kruschke, "Doing Bayesian Data Analysis". Some of my students have found this useful.
- Richard McElreath's Statistical Rethinking book is easier and the latest videos of Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course Using R and Stan are highly recommended even if you are following BDA3.
- Michael Betancourt has a different point of view in his introduction material, and many have found these also enlightening. Furthermore, his Hamiltonian Monte Carlo videos are highly recommended if you are taking this course.
Bayesian Data Analysis, 3rd ed, by by Andrew Gelman, John Carlin, Hal Stern, David Dunson, Aki Vehtari, and Donald Rubin. Home page for the book. Errata for the book. Electronic edition for non-commercial purposes only.
- Background (Ch 1, Lecture 1)
- Single-parameter models (Ch 2, Lecture 2)
- Multiparameter models (Ch 3, Lecture 3)
- Computational methods (Ch 10 , Lecture 4)
- Markov chain Monte Carlo (Chs 11-12, Lectures 5-6)
- Extra material for Stan and probabilistic programming (see below, Lecture 6)
- Hierarchical models (Ch 5, Lecture 7)
- Model checking (Ch 6, Lectures 8-9)
- Evaluating and comparing models (Ch 7)
- Decision analysis (Ch 9, Lecture 10)
- Large sample properties and Laplace approximation (Ch 4, Lecture 11-12)
- In addition you learn workflow for Bayesian data analysis
Recommended way to go through the material is
- Read the reading instructions for a chapter in chapter_notes.
- Read the chapter in BDA3 and check that you find the terms listed in the reading instructions.
- Watch the corresponding lecture video to get explanations for most important parts.
- Read corresponding additional information in the chapter notes.
- Run the corresponding demos in R demos or Python demos.
- Read the exercise instructions and make the corresponding exercises. Demo codes in R demos and Python demos have a lot of useful examples for handling data and plotting figures. If you have problems, visit TA sessions or ask in course slack channel.
- If you want to learn more, make also self study exercises listed below
- Slides
- including code for reproducing some of the figures
- Chapter notes
- including reading instructions highlighting most important parts and terms
The following video motivates why computational probabilistic methods and probabilistic programming are important part of modern Bayesian data analysis.
Short video clips on selected introductory topics are available in a Panopto folder and listed below.
- 1.1 Introduction to uncertainty and modelling
- 1.2 Introduction to the course contents
- 2.1 Observation model, likelihood, posterior and binomial model
- 2.2 Predictive distribution and benefit of integration
- 2.3 Priors and prior information
2019 fall lecture videos are in a Panopto folder and listed below.
- Lecture 2.1 and Lecture 2.2 on basics of Bayesian inference, observation model, likelihood, posterior and binomial model, predictive distribution and benefit of integration, priors and prior information, and one parameter normal model (BDA3 Ch 1+2).
- Lecture 3 on multiparameter models, joint, marginal and conditional distribution, normal model, bioassay example, grid sampling and grid evaluation (BDA3 Ch 3).
- Lecture 4.1 on numerical issues, Monte Carlo, how many simulation draws are needed, how many digits to report, and Lecture 4.2 on direct simulation, curse of dimensionality, rejection sampling, and importance sampling (BDA3 Ch 10).
- Lecture 5.1 on Markov chain Monte Carlo, Gibbs sampling Metropolis algorithm, and Lecture 5.2 on warm-up, convergence diagnostics, R-hat, and effective sample size (BDA3 Ch 11).
- Lecture 6.1 on HMC, NUTS, dynamic HMC and HMC specific convergence diagnostics, and Lecture 6.2 on probabilistic programming and Stan (BDA3 Ch 12 + extra material).
- Lecture 7.1 on hierarchical models, and Lecture 7.2 on exchangeability (BDA3 Ch 5).
- Project work info
- Lecture 8.1 on model checking, and Lecture 8.2 on cross-validation part 1 (BDA3 Ch 6 + extra material).
- Lecture 9.1 PSIS-LOO and K-fold-CV, Lecture 9.2 model comparison and selection, and Lecture 9.3 extra lecture on variable selection with projection predictive variable selection (extra material).
- Lecture 10.1 on decision analysis (BDA3 Ch 9).
- Project presentation info
- Lecture 11.1 on normal approximation (Laplace approximation) and Lecture 11.2 on large sample theory and counter examples (BDA3 Ch 4).
- Lecture 12.1 on frequency evaluation, hypothesis testing and variable selection and Lecture 12.2 overview of modeling data collection (Ch8), linear models (Ch. 14-18), lasso, horseshoe and Gaussian processes (Ch 21).
We strongly recommend using R in the course as there are more packages for Stan and statistical analysis in R. If you are already fluent in Python, but not in R, then using Python may be easier, but it can still be more useful to learn also R. Unless you are already experienced and have figured out your preferred way to work with R, we recommend installing RStudio Desktop. TAs will provide brief introduction to use of RStudio during the first week TA sessions. See FAQ for frequently asked questions about R problems in this course. The demo codes linked below provide useful starting points for all the exercises. If you are interested in learning more about making nice figures in R, I recommend Kieran Healy's "Data Visualization - A practical introduction".
Exercises (67%) and a project work (33%). Minimum of 50% of points must be obtained from both the exercises and project work.
Great self study exercises for this course are listed below. Most of these have also model solutions vailable.
- 1.1-1.4, 1.6-1.8 (model solutions for 1.1-1.6)
- 2.1-2.5, 2.8, 2.9, 2.14, 2.17, 2.22 (model solutions for 2.1-2.5, 2.7-2.13, 2.16, 2.17, 2.20, and 2.14 is in slides)
- 3.2, 3.3, 3.9 (model solutions for 3.1-3.3, 3.5, 3.9, 3.10)
- 4.2, 4.4, 4.6 (model solutions for 3.2-3.4, 3.6, 3.7, 3.9, 3.10)
- 5.1, 5.2 (model solutions for 5.3-5.5, 5.7-5.12)
- 6.1 (model solutions for 6.1, 6.5-6.7)
- 9.1
- 10.1, 10.2 (model solution for 10.4)
- 11.1 (model solution for 11.1)
- Stan home page
- Introductory article in Journal of Statistical Software
- Documentation
- RStan installation
- PyStan installation
- Basics of Bayesian inference and Stan, Jonah Gabry & Lauren Kennedy Part 1 and Part 2
- Dicing with the unknown
- Logic, Probability, and Bayesian Inference by Michael Betancourt
- Origin of word Bayesian
Sanasta "bayesilainen" esiintyy Suomessa muutamaa erilaista kirjoitustapaa. Muoto "bayesilainen" on muodostettu yleisen vieraskielisten nimien taivutussääntöjen mukaan
"Jos nimi on kirjoitettuna takavokaalinen mutta äännettynä etuvokaalinen, kirjoitetaan päätteseen tavallisesti takavokaali etuvokaalin sijasta, esim. Birminghamissa, Thamesilla." Terho Itkonen, Kieliopas, 6. painos, Kirjayhtymä, 1997.
We now have an FAQ for the exercises here. Has solutions to commonly asked questions related RStudio setup, errors during package installations, etc.
| Task | Topic | Published | Deadline | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assignment 1 | Background | 9.9 (week 37) | 15.9 at 23:59 | 3 |
| Assignment 2 | Chapters 1 and 2 | 16.9 (week 38) | 22.9 at 23:59 | 3 |
| Assignment 3 | Chapters 2 and 3 | 23.9 (week 39) | 29.9 at 23:59 | 9 |
| Assignment 4 | Chapters 3 and 10 | 30.9 (week 40) | 6.10 at 23:59 | 6 |
| Assignment 5 | Chapters 10 and 11 | 7.10 (week 41) | 13.10 at 23:59 | 6 |
| Assignment 6 | Chapters 10-12 and Stan | 14.10 (week 42) | 27.10 at 23:59 | 6 |
| Evaluation week (21-28.10) | ||||
| Project | Projects introduced: form a group of 1-3 (2 is preferred) | 28.10 (week 44) | 3.11 at 23:59 | - |
| Assignment 7 | Chapter 5 | 28.10 (week 44) | 3.11 at 23:59 | 6 |
| Project | Decide topic and start the project (no assign. on week 45) | 10.11 at 23:59 | - | |
| Assignment 8 | Chapter 7 | 11.11 (week 46) | 17.11 at 23:59 | 6 |
| Assignment 9 | Chapter 9 | 18.11 (week 47) | 24.11 at 23:59 | 3 |
| Project | Finish the project work (no assign. on weeks 48 & 49) | 8.12 at 23:59 | 24 | |
| Project presentation | Present project work during week 50 (evaluation week) |
The course material has been greatly improved by the previous and current course assistants (in alphabetical order): Michael Riis Andersen, Paul Bürkner, Akash Dakar, Alejandro Catalina, Kunal Ghosh, Joona Karjalainen, Juho Kokkala, Måns Magnusson, Janne Ojanen, Topi Paananen, Markus Paasiniemi, Juho Piironen, Jaakko Riihimäki, Eero Siivola, Tuomas Sivula, Teemu Säilynoja, Jarno Vanhatalo.