cosh is a concatenative command-line shell.
Basic shell operations like ls, ps, stat, and so on are
implemented as functions that return first-class values, as opposed to
relying on executables that return text streams. This makes working
with the results simpler:
-
Find file paths matching a string, and search those files for data
sh find . -iname '*test*' -print0 | xargs -0 grep data cosh lsr; [test m] grep; [f<; [data m] grep] map -
Find all processes using more than 500M of memory:
sh ps --no-headers aux | awk '$6>500000' cosh ps; [mem get; 1000 1000 *; 500 *; >] grep
A small set of versatile primitives means that less needs to be
remembered when compared with typical shells (see e.g. the various
flags for cut(1)), though some commands may be longer as a result:
-
Get the second and third columns from each row of a CSV file:
sh cut -d, -f2,3 test-data/csv cosh test-data/csv f<; [chomp; , split; (1 2) get] map -
Sort files by modification time:
sh ls -tr cosh ls; [[stat; mtime get] 2 apply; <=>] sortp
Arithmetical operators and XML/JSON/YAML/CSV encoding/decoding functions reduce the number of times that it becomes necessary to use a more full-featured programming language or a third-party executable:
-
Increment floating-point numbers in file:
sh sed 's/$/+10/' nums | bc cosh nums f<; [chomp; 10 +] map -
Get the first value from the "zxcv" array member of a JSON file:
sh jq .zxcv[0] test-data/json2 cosh test-data/json2 f<; from-json; zxcv get; 0 get
It also integrates with external executable calls, where that is necessary:
-
Print certificate data:
bash for i in `find . -iname '*.pem'`; do openssl x509 -in $i -text -noout; done cosh lsr; [pem$ m] grep; [{openssl x509 -in {} -text -noout}] map;
See the full documentation for more details.
This has been tested on Linux (Debian 12), but should work on any Linux/macOS/BSD system where Rust can be built.
make
make test
sudo make install
Apart from the core cosh executable, this will also install a
compiled library of core functions (rt.chc).
user@host:/$ cosh
/$ hello println;
hello
Each example starts from the repository clone directory.
List files in a specified directory:
cosh$ test-data ls
v[gen (
0: test-data/cert.der
1: test-data/json-bigint
2: test-data/json2
3: test-data/json1
4: test-data/readfile
5: test-data/yaml1.yml
6: test-data/test.ch
7: test-data/csv
8: test-data/split
9: test-data/readlines
)]
cosh$
Sort files alphabetically in a specified directory:
cosh$ test-data ls; sort
(
0: test-data/cert.der
1: test-data/csv
2: test-data/json-bigint
3: test-data/json1
4: test-data/json2
5: test-data/readfile
6: test-data/readlines
7: test-data/split
8: test-data/test.ch
9: test-data/yaml1.yml
)
cosh$
An external command can be run by prefixing the command with a space:
cosh$ vim test-data/csv
...
Read a file into memory:
cosh$ test-data/csv f<;
v[gen (
0: "1,2,3,4\n"
1: "5,6,7,8\n"
2: "9,10,11,12\n"
)]
cosh$
For each line of a CSV file, remove the newline and split on commas:
cosh$ test-data/csv f<; [chomp; , split] map;
v[gen (
0: (
0: 1
1: 2
2: 3
3: 4
)
1: (
0: 5
1: 6
2: 7
3: 8
)
2: (
0: 9
1: 10
2: 11
3: 12
)
)]
cosh$
Read a JSON file into memory:
cosh$ test-data/json2 f<; from-json;
h(
"asdf": 1
"qwer": 2
"tyui": h(
"asdf": 5
)
"zxcv": (
0: 3
1: 4
)
)
cosh$
Get the field names from the JSON file, and print them to standard output:
cosh$ test-data/json2 f<; from-json; keys; println for;
asdf
qwer
tyui
zxcv
cosh$
Find the field names that match a given regex:
cosh$ test-data/json2 f<; from-json; keys; [.{4} m] grep;
v[gen (
0: asdf
1: qwer
2: tyui
3: zxcv
)]
cosh$
cosh$ test-data/json2 f<; from-json; keys; [a..f m] grep;
v[gen (
0: asdf
)]
cosh$
Define and use a new function:
cosh$ : add-5 5 +; ,,
cosh$ (1 2 3) add-5 map;
(
0: 6
1: 7
2: 8
)
cosh$
Capture a value using a regex:
cosh$ test-data ls;
v[gen (
0: test-data/json-bigint
1: test-data/json2
2: test-data/json1
3: test-data/readfile
4: test-data/csv
5: test-data/split
)]
cosh$ test-data ls; ["/.*" c; shift] map;
v[gen (
0: /json-bigint
1: /json2
2: /json1
3: /readfile
4: /csv
5: /split
)]
cosh$
Print a path's modification time in a specific format:
cosh$ test-data stat; mtime get; from-epoch; %F strftime;
2023-01-20
cosh$
Find the ping times for a series of domain names, in parallel:
cosh$ (sourcehut.org github.com gitlab.com) [dup; A dig; answer.0.sdata.address get; 1 pingn; 0 get; 2 mlist] pmap;
v[channel-gen (
0: (
0: gitlab.com
1: h(
"icmp_seq": 1
"ttl": 58
"time_ms": 11.6
)
)
1: (
0: github.com
1: h(
"icmp_seq": 1
"ttl": 115
"time_ms": 28.4
)
)
2: (
0: sourcehut.org
1: h(
"icmp_seq": 1
"ttl": 52
"time_ms": 346
)
)
)]
cosh$
Get the total number of hosts in a set of IP address ranges:
cosh$ (1.0.0.0/24 2.0.0.0/14 3.0.0.0/8) [ip; ip.size] map; sum
17039616
cosh$
Create a new SQLite database, add a table to the database, and add a record to the table:
cosh$ mydb touch
cosh$ mydb sqlite db.conn; c var; c !
cosh$ c @; "create table test (id, num)" db.prep; () db.exec
()
cosh$ c @; "insert into test values (?, ?)" db.prep; (1 2) db.exec
()
cosh$ c @; "select * from test" db.prep; () db.exec
(
0: h(
"id": 1
"num": 2
)
)
cosh$
See LICENCE.