Macros to compute and visualize the background for a satellite on a Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The model used here and results using these macros are presented in:
P. Cumani, M. Hernanz, J. Kiener, V. Tatischeff, and A. Zoglauer. "Background for a gamma-ray satellite on a low-Earth orbit". Feb 2019. arXiv:1902.06944, doi:10.1007/s10686-019-09624-0.
Please use this reference if you present any result obtain using these classes.
Table of Contents
The macros are written for Python3. It uses the following packages:- Numpy
- Astropy
- Scipy
- Matplotlib
- Pandas
- LEOBackgroundGenerator.py : contain the definition of the class describing all the background components.
- LATBackground.py : creates the file Data/LATBackground.dat from the Fermi fits file. It needs to be used only if there is a change in the Fermi-LAT background or a change in the areas where the flux is calculated (lines 24-26).
- BackgroundPlotter_All.py : plots all the different components. To be run with a -h (or --help) option to show a help.
- CreateBackgroundSpectrumMEGAlib.py : creates a file describing the spectrum of different components to be used with MEGAlib to define a source. The value of the integral flux, calculated using the appropriate solid angle and to be added to the .source file, is added as a comment inside the newly created file. To be run with a -h (or --help) option to show a help.
- Albedo Neutrons:
- Kole et al. 2015
doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.10.002 - Lingenfelter 1963
doi:10.1029/JZ068i020p05633
- Kole et al. 2015
- Cosmic Photons:
- Türler et al. 2010
doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913072 - Mizuno et al. 2004
http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/614/i=2/a=1113 - Ackermann et al. 2015
doi:10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/86
- Türler et al. 2010
- Galactic Center/Disk:
- Fermi-LAT collaboration
https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/analysis/software/aux/gll_iem_v06.fits
- Fermi-LAT collaboration
- Primary Protons:
- Aguilar et al. 2015
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.171103
- Aguilar et al. 2015
- Secondary Protons:
- Mizuno et al. 2004
http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/614/i=2/a=1113
- Mizuno et al. 2004
- Primary Alphas:
- Aguilar et al. 2015b
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.211101
- Aguilar et al. 2015b
- Primary Electrons:
- Aguilar et al. 2014
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.121102 - Mizuno et al. 2004
http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/614/i=2/a=1113
- Aguilar et al. 2014
- Primary Positrons:
- Aguilar et al. 2014
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.121102 - Mizuno et al. 2004
http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/614/i=2/a=1113
- Aguilar et al. 2014
- Secondary Electrons:
- Mizuno et al. 2004
http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/614/i=2/a=1113
- Mizuno et al. 2004
- Secondary Positrons:
- Mizuno et al. 2004
http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/614/i=2/a=1113
- Mizuno et al. 2004
- Atmospheric Photons:
- Sazonov et al. 2007
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11746.x - Churazov et al. 2006
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12918.x - Türler et al. 2010
doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913072 - Mizuno et al. 2004
http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/614/i=2/a=1113 - Abdo et al. 2009
doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.122004
- Sazonov et al. 2007
| Orbit Parameters | Energy | |
|---|---|---|
| Cosmic Photons | Independent | 4 keV - 820 GeV |
| Galactic Photons | Independent | 58 MeV - ~513 GeV |
| Albedo Photons | All LEOs | 1 keV - 400 GeV |
| Primary Protons | Altitude > 100 km | 10 MeV - 10 TeV |
| Primary Alphas | Altitude > 100 km | 10 MeV - 10 TeV |
| Primary Electrons/Positrons | Altitude > 100 km | 570 MeV - 429 GeV |
| Secondary Protons | 1.06 ≤ Rcutoff ≤ 12.47 | 1 MeV - 10 GeV |
| Secondary Electrons/Positrons | 1.06 ≤ Rcutoff ≤ 12.47 | 1 MeV - 20 GeV |
| Atmospheric Neutrons | Altitude: ~100 km - ~1000 km / Inclination: < 65° | 0.01 eV - ~30 GeV |
Validity limits of the different components of the background.
This work has been carried out in the framework of the project AHEAD, funded by the European Union