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1) Built in operators:
+,-,*,/,%,==,!=,<=,>=,<,>,;
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2) Integers and floats in arithmetics:
1 or 2.33333 or 0.34 or .34
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3) Arbitrary nesting of parentheses:
(1+2*(5+((3+4)*3)-6/2)+7*2)\n => 61
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4) Comments:
# A comment until the end of the line
/* A longer comment that
spans multiple lines
*/
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5) Built in keywords:
TRUE,FALSE,NULL,IF,ELSE,END
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6) Built in functions:
HELP,ENV,SIZE,SPLIT,ROUND,MIN,MAX
SUM,MULT,AVG, PRINT, PRINT_LINE
TO_INT, TO_FLOAT, TO_ARRAY, AVG_SUM
MATCHING_IDS, VALUES_OF_TYPE
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7) Standard library functions:
foreach_in, inject, map, select
reject, in_groups_of, sum_of_type
avg_sum_of_type, avg_range_sum_of_type
total_range_sum_of_type, ratio
year_from_date, month_from_date,
hash_values, hash_value_sum,
avg_hash_value_sum, hash_range_values,
hash_range_value_sum,
avg_hash_range_value_sum
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8) Access the current environment:
ENV; (your output may differ)
=> { :a => 3, :foo => 5 }
Given the following environment:
{ :a => 1, :b => 2, :c => 3 }
ENV['a']
=> 1
ENV['a'..'b']
=> { :a => 1, :b => 2 }
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9) Numeric variables and literals
3;
=> 3
a = 3;
=> 3
a;
=> 3
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10) String variables and literals
"This is a string";
=> "This is a string";
'This is a string';
=> "This is a string";
s1 = "This is a string"; s1;
=> "This is a string"
s2 = 'This is a string'; s2;
=> "This is a string"
SIZE(s1);
=> 16
SIZE("foo");
=> 3
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11) Variables and closure applications
a = 3; foo = 5;
calc = fun(x,y) { (x + y) * a + foo };
calc(2,2);
=> 17
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12) Array variables and literals
arr = [1, [fun(){2}()], fun(x){x}(3)]
SIZE(arr);
=> 3
SIZE([1,2,3]);
=> 3
[1,2,3] + [4,[5,6]];
=> [1,2,3,4,[5,6]]
[1,2,3] - [[1],2,3];
=> [1]
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13) Hash variables and literals
h = { 1 => fun(){2}(), 'a' => 'foo' }
SIZE(h);
=> 2
h[1];
=> 'fun(){2}()'
h['a'];
=> 'foo'
SIZE({ 1 => 2});
=> 1
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14) Range variables and literals
range_including_upper = 1..5
=> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
SIZE(range_including_upper);
=> 5
range_excluding_upper = 1...5
=> [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
SIZE(range_excluding_upper);
=> 4
SIZE([1..5);
=> 5
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15) Conditional branching and recursion:
factorial = fun(x) {
if(x == 0)
1
else
x * factorial(x - 1)
end
}
factorial(5);
=> 120
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16) Conditional branching:
foo = fun(x) {
if(x == 0)
0
elsif(x == 1)
1
else
2
end
}
foo(0);
=> 0
foo(1);
=> 1
foo(2);
=> 2
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17) case expressions:
foo = fun(x) {
case x
when NULL then NULL
when 0 then 0
when 1 then 1
when 2 then 2
else
3
end
}
foo(1);
=> 1
foo(3);
=> 3
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