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<a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" alt="SQLModel"></a>
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<em>SQLModel, SQL databases in Python, designed for simplicity, compatibility, and robustness.</em>
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---
**Documentation**: <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com" target="_blank">https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com</a>
**Source Code**: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/sqlmodel" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/sqlmodel</a>
---
SQLModel is a library for interacting with <abbr title='Also called "Relational databases"'>SQL databases</abbr> from Python code, with Python objects. It is designed to be intuitive, easy to use, highly compatible, and robust.
**SQLModel** is based on Python type annotations, and powered by <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> and <a href="https://sqlalchemy.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SQLAlchemy</a>.
The key features are:
* **Intuitive to write**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging. Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
* **Easy to use**: It has sensible defaults and does a lot of work underneath to simplify the code you write.
* **Compatible**: It is designed to be compatible with **FastAPI**, Pydantic, and SQLAlchemy.
* **Extensible**: You have all the power of SQLAlchemy and Pydantic underneath.
* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. A single type annotation does a lot of work. No need to duplicate models in SQLAlchemy and Pydantic.
## SQL Databases in FastAPI
<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" style="width: 20%;"></a>
**SQLModel** is designed to simplify interacting with SQL databases in <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com" class="external-link" target="_blank">FastAPI</a> applications, it was created by the same <a href="https://tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">author</a>. 😁
It combines SQLAlchemy and Pydantic and tries to simplify the code you write as much as possible, allowing you to reduce the **code duplication to a minimum**, but while getting the **best developer experience** possible.
**SQLModel** is, in fact, a thin layer on top of **Pydantic** and **SQLAlchemy**, carefully designed to be compatible with both.
## Requirements
A recent and currently supported version of Python (right now, <a href="https://www.python.org/downloads/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Python supports versions 3.6 and above</a>).
As **SQLModel** is based on **Pydantic** and **SQLAlchemy**, it requires them. They will be automatically installed when you install SQLModel.
## Installation
<div class="termy">
```console
$ pip install sqlmodel
---> 100%
Successfully installed sqlmodel
```
</div>
## Example
For an introduction to databases, SQL, and everything else, see the <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com" target="_blank">SQLModel documentation</a>.
Here's a quick example. ✨
### A SQL Table
Imagine you have a SQL table called `hero` with:
* `id`
* `name`
* `secret_name`
* `age`
And you want it to have this data:
| id | name | secret_name | age |
-----|------|-------------|------|
| 1 | Deadpond | Dive Wilson | null |
| 2 | Spider-Boy | Pedro Parqueador | null |
| 3 | Rusty-Man | Tommy Sharp | 48 |
### Create a SQLModel Model
Then you could create a **SQLModel** model like this:
```Python
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel
class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
name: str
secret_name: str
age: Optional[int] = None
```
That class `Hero` is a **SQLModel** model, the equivalent of a SQL table in Python code.
And each of those class attributes is equivalent to each **table column**.
### Create Rows
Then you could **create each row** of the table as an **instance** of the model:
```Python
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)
```
This way, you can use conventional Python code with **classes** and **instances** that represent **tables** and **rows**, and that way communicate with the **SQL database**.
### Editor Support
Everything is designed for you to get the best developer experience possible, with the best editor support.
Including **autocompletion**:
<img class="shadow" src="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/img/index/autocompletion01.png">
And **inline errors**:
<img class="shadow" src="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/img/index/inline-errors01.png">
### Write to the Database
You can learn a lot more about **SQLModel** by quickly following the **tutorial**, but if you need a taste right now of how to put all that together and save to the database, you can do this:
```Python hl_lines="18 21 23-27"
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine
class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
name: str
secret_name: str
age: Optional[int] = None
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)
engine = create_engine("sqlite:///database.db")
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)
with Session(engine) as session:
session.add(hero_1)
session.add(hero_2)
session.add(hero_3)
session.commit()
```
That will save a **SQLite** database with the 3 heroes.
### Select from the Database
Then you could write queries to select from that same database, for example with:
```Python hl_lines="15-18"
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
name: str
secret_name: str
age: Optional[int] = None
engine = create_engine("sqlite:///database.db")
with Session(engine) as session:
statement = select(Hero).where(Hero.name == "Spider-Boy")
hero = session.exec(statement).first()
print(hero)
```
### Editor Support Everywhere
**SQLModel** was carefully designed to give you the best developer experience and editor support, **even after selecting data** from the database:
<img class="shadow" src="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/img/index/autocompletion02.png">
## SQLAlchemy and Pydantic
That class `Hero` is a **SQLModel** model.
But at the same time, ✨ it is a **SQLAlchemy** model ✨. So, you can combine it and use it with other SQLAlchemy models, or you could easily migrate applications with SQLAlchemy to **SQLModel**.
And at the same time, ✨ it is also a **Pydantic** model ✨. You can use inheritance with it to define all your **data models** while avoiding code duplication. That makes it very easy to use with **FastAPI**.
## License
This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.