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Database for Call Detection using Prosody

This is the research repository for Aware: Intuitive Device Activation Using Prosody for Natural Voice Interactions (CHI 2022). It contains a dataset containing keywords and sentences for calling/not-calling the device spoken from multiple directions and distances. The data was collected using an 8-channel microphone array (Matrix Voice).

Link to the dataset: Dropbox

Dataset Description

The data is organized in the following manner:

  • 11 participants (p1 to p11)
  • 3 keywords (Alexa, Assistant and Computer)
  • 6 sentences (see Table 1)
  • 4 user directions (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°)
  • 3 user distances (1m, 3m and 5m)
  • 5 repeats
  • 8 recording channels

Therefore, this dataset consists of 11 x 3 x 6 x 4 x 3 x 5 x 8 = 95040 individual recording samples.

The recording system is implemented by attaching a MATRIX Voice Mic Array onto the GPIO pins of a Raspberry Pi 4B. The mic array records audio with 8 channels at 16kHz sampling frequency. The distribution of the mic array is shown to the right.

The directory is organized as follows:

  • ParticipantID /
    • Keyword /
      • Sentence_No. /
        • KeywordID_Direction_Facing_Sentence_Calling_Distance_ChannelNum_VADIdx.wav

Specifically,
KeywordID ∈ [1, 2, 3] Direction ∈ [0, 1, 2, 3] -> [0°, 90°, 180°, 270°]
Facing = 1 if Direction == 0 else 0
Sentence ∈ [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] -> [sen_1, sen_2, sen_3, sen_4, sen_5, sen_6]
Calling = 1 if Sentence ∈ [1, 2, 3] else 0
Distance = ∈ [1, 2, 3] -> [1m, 3m, 5m]
VADIdx refers to the number of times the user uttered in the experiment (e.g., VAD_Idx = 1 means the first utterance, 2 means the 2nd utterance..., etc.). This is determined from the Audacity's Voice Acitivity Detection (VAD) log.

Reference

Zhang, Xinlei, Zixiong Su, and Jun Rekimoto. "Aware: Intuitive Device Activation Using Prosody for Natural Voice Interactions." CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2022. [ACM Digital Library]

@inproceedings{10.1145/3491102.3517687,
author = {Zhang, Xinlei and Su, Zixiong and Rekimoto, Jun},
title = {Aware: Intuitive Device Activation Using Prosody for Natural Voice Interactions},
year = {2022},
isbn = {9781450391573},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517687},
doi = {10.1145/3491102.3517687},
abstract = { Voice interactive devices often use keyword spotting for device activation. However, this approach suffers from misrecognition of keywords and can respond to keywords not intended for calling the device (e.g., ”You can ask Alexa about it.”), causing accidental device activations. We propose a method that leverages prosodic features to differentiate calling/not-calling voices (F1 score: 0.869), allowing devices to respond only when called upon to avoid misactivation. As a proof of concept, we built a prototype smart speaker called Aware that allows users to control the device activation by speaking the keyword in specific prosody patterns. These patterns are chosen to represent people’s natural calling/not-calling voices, which are uncovered in a study to collect such voices and investigate their prosodic difference. A user study comparing Aware with Amazon Echo shows Aware can activate more correctly (F1 score 0.93 vs. 0.56) and is easy to learn and use.},
booktitle = {CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
articleno = {432},
numpages = {16},
keywords = {Prosody, Device Activation, Voice Interaction, Intention, Conversational Interface, Keyword Spotting},
location = {New Orleans, LA, USA},
series = {CHI '22}
}

Disclaimer

THE PROGRAM IS DISTRIBUTED IN THE HOPE THAT IT WILL BE USEFUL, BUT WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW THE AUTHOR WILL BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF THE AUTHOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

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