quebravel / guiagentoo

Um guia para a instalação gentoo , funtoo e arch.

--- Gentoo pós instalação base --- Arch Linux BREVE ---

Carregar teclado

loadkeys br-abnt2

Mostrar a interface da rede

ip -s -c -h a

Configurar rede com wifi

net-setup nomePlacaRede

Se for preciso levante a placa de rede com

ifconfig nomePlacaRede up

Configurar data MÊS DIA HORA MINUTO ANO com

date MMDDHHMMAAAA

Formatar HD com parted para EFI

parted -a optimal /dev/sda ↵  
(parted) mklabel gpt ↵  
(parted) rm 2 ↵  
(parted) unit mib ↵  
(parted) mkpart primary 1 513 ↵  
(parted) name 1 efi_grub ↵  
(parted) set 1 boot on ↵  
(parted) print ↵  
(parted) mkpart primary 514 1026 ↵  
(parted) name 2 boot ↵  
(parted) mkpart primary 1027 13315 ↵  
(parted) name 3 swap ↵  
(parted) mkpart primary 13316 -1 ↵  
(parted) name 4 rootfs ↵  
(parted) quit ↵  

Formatando partições

mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda1  

mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda2  

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4  

Swap  

mkswap /dev/sda3  

swapon /dev/sda3

Criando e montando pastas para instação "não coloque a / no final"

mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo  

mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/gentoo  

cd /mnt/gentoo  

Verifique se a internet esta funcionado

ping -c3 gentoo.org

Baixando arquivo tar.bz2 para instalação, use o comando

links para navegar e achar o aquivo "stage3-amd64-*.tar.bz2"

links https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/mirrors/#BR  

releases/ ↵  
amd64/ ↵  
autobuilds/ ↵  
current-stage3-amd64/ ↵  
stage3-amd64-*.tar.bz2

Descompactar, use o nome completo

tar xpf stage3-*.tar.bz2 --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner

tar xpf stage3-amd64-*.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner

Montando partições de boot/EFI

mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/boot  

mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/gentoo/boot  

mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/boot/efi  

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot/efi  

Verifique/Edite o make.conf para o seu processador.

grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo número de núcleos  

grep -m1 -A3 "vendor_id" /proc/cpuinfo modelo do processador [flags](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Safe_CFLAGS)  

nano -w /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf  

Então adicione ao make.conf.

CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"  
COMMON_FLAGS="-march=native -O2 -pipe"  
CFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"  
CXXFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"  
#USE="acpi bindist git dbus ffmpeg jpeg jpeg2k -modemmanager mp3 mp4 mpeg png sound opengl X"  
EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--quiet-build=y --ask --load-average=2 --autounmask-write=y --with-bdeps=y"  
FEATURES="preserve-libs collision-protect candy"  
#INPUT_DEVICES="evdev keyboard synaptics mouse"  
#VIDEO_CARDS="vesa intel amdgpu nvidia virtualbox"  
LINGUAS="pt_BR.UTF-8 pt_BR.ISO-8859-1 pt_BR pt-BR"  
MAKEOPTS="-j4"  
ACCEPT_LICENSE="*"  
L10N="pt-BR"  
GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"

Observação: Editar make.conf para funcionar com UEFI. Adicione a linha:

GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"

Montando pastas de instalação e configuração "não coloque / no final.

mount --types proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc  

mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys  

mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev  

test -L /dev/shm && rm /dev/shm && mkdir /dev/shm  

mount --types tmpfs --options nosuid,nodev,noexec shm /dev/shm  

chmod 1777 /dev/shm  

Copie as informações de DNS

cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/

Entrando no novo ambiente

chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash  

source /etc/profile && export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"
livecd ~ #

Instalando um instantâneo do repositório ebuild da web

emerge-webrsync  

emerge --sync --quiet  

Mirror select

mkdir /etc/portage/repos.conf

cp /usr/share/portage/config/repos.conf /etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf

mirrorselect -i -o >> /etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf

Escolhendo o perfil correto/de sua escolha

eselect profile list

Escolha o perfil com o comando... "substitua o X pelo número de sua escolha.

eselect profile set "X"  
   default/linux/amd64/17.0/desktop

Use eselect para verificar

eselect profile list

Atualize

emerge --ask --update --deep --newuse @world

Fuso horário.

echo "America/Belem" > /etc/timezone  

emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data  

nano -w /etc/locale.gen  
   pt_BR.UTF-8 UTF-8

locale-gen  

locale -a  

eselect locale list  

eselect locale set [pt_br.utf8]  

nano -w /etc/env.d/02locale  
   LANG="pt_BR.UTF-8"  
   LC_COLLATE="C"

Carregando o ambiente.

env-update && source /etc/profile && export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"

emerge -auDN @world

CPU flags.

emerge app-portage/cpuid2cpuflags  

cpuid2cpuflags-x86  

cpuid2cpuflags-x86 >> /etc/portage/make.conf  

apague o primero CPU_FLAGS_X86 da linha do make.conf
modifique colocando entre aspas =""

nano -w /etc/portage/make.conf  

env-update && source /etc/profile && export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"  

Instalando pacotes para o kernel.

gentoo kernel

emerge -aq gentoo-sources genkernel usbutils dosfstools pciutils gentoolkit ufed eix axel xfsprogs

Configurando o genkernel

nano -w /etc/genkernel.conf
   MENUCONFIG="yes"  
   CLEAN="no"  
   MRPROPER="no"  

descomente:
   MAKEOPTS="$(portageq envvar MAKEOPTS)"  
   TMPDIR="/var/tmp/genkernel"

Configurando o fstab.

nano -w /etc/fstab

fs	mountpoint	type	opts	dump/pass
/dev/sda1	/boot/efi	vfat	noauto,noatime	0 2
/dev/sda2	/boot	ext2	defaults	0 2
/dev/sda3	none	swap	sw	0 0
/dev/sda4	/	ext4	noatime	0 1
/dev/cdrom	/mnt/cdrom	auto	noauto,ro	0 0
tmpfs	/var/tmp	tmpfs	rw,nosuid,noatime,nodev,size=8G,mode=1777	0 0
tmpfs	/var/tmp/portage	tmpfs	rw,nosuid,noatime,nodev,size=7G,mode=775,uid=portage,gid=portage,x-mount.mkdir=775	0 0

Verifique/Edite o make.conf para o seu processador.

nano -w /etc/portage/make.conf

Instalando o kernel.

genkernel all

Configurar e construir o kernel automaticamente.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
video card nvidea  
Pre-allocated buffer size for HD audio drive = 2048  
Virtualization drivers  
DOS/FAT/NT Filessystems ---> * NTFS write support  

Device Drivers --->  
  Generic Driver Options --->  
   [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev  
   [ ]    Automount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the rootfs  

Verify SCSI disk support has been activated (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD):  
KERNEL Enabling SCSI disk support  

Device Drivers --->  
  SCSI device support --->  
   <*> SCSI disk support  

File systems --->  
  <*> Second extended fs support  
  <*> The Extended 3 (ext3) filesystem  
  <*> The Extended 4 (ext4) filesystem  
  <*> Reiserfs support  
  <*> JFS filesystem support  
  <*> XFS filesystem support  
  <*> Btrfs filesystem support  
  DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems --->  
     <*> MSDOS fs support  
     <*> VFAT (Windows-95) fs support  

Pseudo Filesystems --->  
   [*] /proc file system support  
   [*] Tmpfs virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)  

Device Drivers --->  
  Network device support --->  
   <*> PPP (point-to-point protocol) support  
   <*>    PPP support for async serial ports  
   <*>    PPP support for sync tty ports  

Processor type and features --->  
  [*] Symmetric multi-processing support  

Device Drivers --->  
  HID support --->  
   -*- HID bus support  
   <*> Generic HID driver  
   [*] Battery level reporting for HID devices  
    USB HID support --->  
    <*> USB HID transport layer  
  [*] USB support --->  
   <*>   xHCI HCD (USB 3.0) support  
   <*>   EHCI HCD (USB 2.0) support  
   <*>   OHCI HCD (USB 1.1) support  

Architecture specific kernel configuration  

Processor type and features --->  
  [ ] Machine Check / overheating reporting  
  [ ]   Intel MCE Features  
  [ ]   AMD MCE Features  
  Processor family (AMD-Opteron/Athlon64) --->  
   ( ) Opteron/Athlon64/Hammer/K8  
   ( ) Intel P4 / older Netburst based Xeon  
   ( ) Core 2/newer Xeon  
   ( ) Intel Atom  
   ( ) Generic-x86-64  
Executable file formats / Emulations --->  
  [*] IA32 Emulation  

Enable GPT partition  

-*- Enable the block layer --->  
  Partition Types --->  
   [*] Advanced partition selection  
   [*] EFI GUID Partition support  

Enable EFI stub support and EFI variables in the Linux kernel if UEFI is used to boot the system (CONFIG_EFI, CONFIG_EFI_STUB, CONFIG_EFI_MIXED, and CONFIG_EFI_VARS):  
KERNEL Enable support for UEFI  

Processor type and features --->  
   [*] EFI runtime service support  
   [*]   EFI stub support  
   [*]     EFI mixed-mode support  

Firmware Drivers --->  
   EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) Support --->  
     <*> EFI Variable Support via sysfs  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Configurando o OpenRC Logging

nano -w /etc/rc.conf
   rc_parallel="YES"

Se estiver instalando em um ssd

nano -w /etc/profile.d/xdg_cache_home
   export XDG_CACHE_HOME="/tmp/${USER}/.cache"

Instalando firmware

emerge --ask sys-kernel/linux-firmware

Informação de host e domínio

nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname
   hostname="gentoo"

Configurando a rede

Primeiro instale o pacote net-misc/netifrc

emerge --ask --noreplace net-misc/netifrc

Iniciando automaticamente a rede durante o boot precisam ser criados assim como fizemos com o net.eth0.
Se após a inicialização do sistema descobrirmos que o nome que usamos para a interface de rede (que está atualmente documentada como eth0) está errado, então execute os seguintes passos para corrigir isso:
1.Corrija o arquivo /etc/conf.d/net com o nome correto da interface de rede (tal como enp0s3 em vez de eth0).
2.Crie um novo link simbólico (como /etc/init.d/net.enp0s3).
3.Remova o link simbólico antigo (rm /etc/init.d/net.eth0).
4.Adicione o novo ao runlevel default.
5.Remova o antigo usando rc-update del net.eth0 default.

cd /etc/init.d  

ln -s net.lo net.enp0s3  

rc-update add net.enp0s3 default  

cd /

O arquivo hosts

Adicione um nome depois de localhost

nano -w /etc/hosts  
   127.0.0.1 gentoo.homenetwork localhost

Adicionando senha para o root

passwd

Teclado

nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps  
   keymap="br-abnt2"

Hora local.

nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock  

   clock="UTC"

Sistema de log

emerge -aq sysklogd cronie mlocate logrotate dhcpcd  

rc-update add sysklogd default  

rc-update add sshd default  

rc-update add cronie default  

rc-update add dhcpcd default

Selecionando/Instalando um gerenciador de boot: GRUB2.

Obs: Cuidado no "grub.cfg" pois ao aperta tab ele altomaticamente coloca "grub.conf".

Modo BIOS

emerge --ask sys-boot/grub  

grub-install /dev/sda  

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Verifique se a partição do EFI/boot esta criada/montada

Modo UEFI

mkdir -p /boot/efi Verifique antes  

mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi Verifique antes  

mount -o remount,rw /boot/efi  

echo 'sys-boot/grub:2 mount truetype' >> /etc/portage/package.use/grub:2  

emerge --ask --update --newuse --deep --verbose sys-boot/grub:2  

mount -o remount,rw /sys/firmware/efi/efivars  

grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --removable  

nano -w /etc/default/grub
   GRUB_TIMEOUT=1

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg  

Adicionando um usuário e senha

useradd -m -G users,wheel,audio,video,root,sys,disk,adm,bin,daemon,portage,console,usb,cron,input,lp,uucp -s /bin/bash nomeUsuario 

passwd nomeUsuario

Saindo do sistema

exit  

cd  

umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/shm,/pts,}  

umount -R /mnt/gentoo  

shutdown -r now