Ask to Know More: Counterfactual Explanations for Fake Claims

This repository contains code and models for the paper on 2022 SIGKDD: "Ask to Know More: Counterfactual Explanations for Fake Claims"

We integrate the advantage of a question-answering model and a textual entailment model, propose a novel method to generate counterfactual information with $70%$ correctness, and show its usability under such performance.
We propose three different counterfactual explanation forms and conduct human evaluations to compare their acceptability on the FEVER dataset.
We show experimental results which strongly support that automatically-generated counterfactual explanations of fake news are more acceptable than summarization-based explanations.
We show that counterfactual explanations are robust to system errors.

General Framework

Example of generated counterfactual explanations

Installation

QA generator

Download and extract zip of Sense2vec wordvectors that are used for generation of multiple choices.

wget https://github.com/explosion/sense2vec/releases/download/v1.0.0/s2v_reddit_2015_md.tar.gz
tar -xvf  s2v_reddit_2015_md.tar.gz
pip install git+https://github.com/boudinfl/pke.git

# install our modified version of Questgen
pip install git+https://github.com/yilihsu/questgen_v2
pip install torch==1.9.0+cu111 torchvision==0.10.0+cu111 torchaudio==0.9.0 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html

QA-to-Claim Model

Download the pretrained QA2D model from the Google Cloud here. You could download them to the QA2D folder using gsutil:

gsutil -m cp -r \
  "gs://few-shot-fact-verification/QA2D_model" \
  .

Requirements for QA-to-Claim Model

* Python==3.8
* gsutil
* tqdm
* stanza
* nltk==3.5
* spacy
* scikit-learn==0.23.2
* simpletransformers==0.63
* transformers==4.24.0
* rouge

Inputs and outputs (main.py)

Our input data is constructed based on the original FEVER dataset. We use the claim and evidence pairs labeled with SUPPORTED and REFUTED. The data after preprocced is in claim_evidence_pairs.csv.

main.py goes through the steps of QA generation, Entailment checking, QA-to-Claim Model. That is, the claim and evidence pairs would generate the declarative sentences.
Example output of main.py is explanation_all.csv

Generation of counterfactual examples

After going through main.py, we use counterfactual_generation.py to convert the declarative sentences to three forms (Affirmative, Negative, Mixed) of counterfactual explanations.

qawl987 / AsktoKnowMore