Recursive Fibonacci Benchmark using top languages on Github
Top 10: JavaScript, Java, Python, Ruby, Php, C++, C#, C, Go reference
Others: Crystal, Rust, Swift, Mono, Elixir, Perl, R, Julia, D, Nim
This code performs a recursive fibonacci to the 46th position with the result of 2,971,215,073.
Fibonacci can be written many different ways. The goal of this project is to compare how each language handles the exact same code.
Here is the Ruby version:
def fib(n)
return 1 if n <= 1
fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
end
puts fib(46)
Here is the Crystal version:
def fib(n : UInt64)
return 1_u64 if n <= 1
fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
end
puts fib(46)
All tests are run on:
- iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, Late 2015)
- OS: macOS High Sierra 10.13.6
- Processor: 3.2 GHz Intel Core i5
- Memory: 16 GB 1867 MHz DDR3
Last benchmark was ran on September 30, 2018
Natively compiled, statically typed
Language | Time, s | Compile | Run |
---|---|---|---|
Nim | 4.696 | nim cpp -d:release fib.nim | time ./fib |
C | 4.697 | gcc -O3 -o fib fib.c | time ./fib |
C++ | 4.700 | g++ -O3 -o fib fib.cpp | time ./fib |
Crystal | 5.843 | crystal build --release fib.cr | time ./fib |
Cython | 6.013 | cython --embed -o fib.pyx.c fib.pyx && \ | |
gcc -O3 -o fib fib.pyx.c \ | |||
$(pkg-config --cflags --libs python3) | time ./fib | ||
Fortran | 6.191 | gfortran -O3 -o fib fib.f03 | time ./fib |
Rust | 6.677 | rustc -O fib.rs | time ./fib |
D | 7.264 | ldc2 -O3 -release -flto=full -of=fib fib.d | time ./fib |
Haskell | 8.207 | ghc -O3 -o fib fib.hs | time ./fib |
OCaml | 8.241 | ocamlopt -O3 -o fib fib.ml | time ./fib |
Swift | 10.742 | swiftc -O -g fib.swift | time ./fib |
Go | 11.055 | go build fib.go | time ./fib |
Lisp | 13.463 | sbcl --load fib.lisp | time ./fib |
VM compiled bytecode, statically/dynamically type
Language | Time, s | Compile | Run |
---|---|---|---|
Java | 7.556 | javac Fib.java | time java Fib |
C# | 11.387 | dotnet build -c Release -o ./bin | time dotnet ./bin/fib.dll |
C# (Mono) | 12.310 | mcs fib.cs | time mono fib.exe |
Erlang | 13.522 | erlc +native +'{hipe,[o3]}' fib.erl | time erl -noinput -s fib |
VM compiled before execution, mixed/dynamically typed
Language | Time, s | Run |
---|---|---|
Dart | 9.651 | time dart fib.dart |
Julia | 11.461 | time julia -O3 fib.jl |
Escript | 13.706 | time escript fib.es |
Elixir* | 13.955 | time elixir fib.exs |
Node | 19.161 | time node fib.js |
- Elixir is using ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS='[native,{hipe, [o3]}]'
NOTE: These languages include compilation time that should be taken into consideration when comparing.
Interpreted, dynamically typed
Language | Time, s | Run |
---|---|---|
Scheme | 150.454 | time guile fib.scm |
Php | 198.279 | time php fib.php |
Ruby | 200.168 | time ruby fib.rb |
Lua | 280.999 | time lua fib.lua |
Python | 515.008 | time python fib.py |
Python3 | 770.082 | time python3 fib.py |
Perl | 1039.727 | time perl fib.pl |
Perl 6 | 2851.994 | time perl6 fib.p6 |
Tcl | TODO | time tclsh fib.tcl |
R | 1796.495 | time r -f fib.r |
K | TODO | time k fib.k |
Bash | TODO | time bash fib.sh |
NOTE: Interpreted languages have a startup time cost that should be taken into consideration when comparing.
Optimized code that breaks the benchmark
The code examples provided in the optimized folder use techniques that break the benchmark. They do not perform the same internal tasks as the other examples so are not a good for an apples to apples comparison. They all perform at sub-second response times. It demonstrates that all benchmarks will have some caveat.
Several of these examples add very little changes to the original code that are worth mentioning:
- The C++ constexpr is using a
constexpr
which optimizes the recursive call to a constant. - The Lisp compiletime shows how you can perform the calculation at compile time. simply add
#.
before outputing the results. - The Python lru_cache is using
lru_cache
directive with no code changes. - The Ruby mem and JS mem are maintaining a simple cache to avoid recalculating the results for that value.
Versions
- go version go1.11 darwin/amd64
- g++-8 (Homebrew GCC 8.2.0) 8.2.0
- crystal Crystal 0.26.1 (2018-08-27) LLVM: 6.0.1
- g++ Apple LLVM version 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.2)
- gcc Apple LLVM version 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.2)
- nim Nim Compiler Version 0.18.0 [MacOSX: amd64]
- swiftc Apple Swift version 4.2 (swiftlang-1000.11.37.1 clang-1000.11.45.1)
- rustc 1.29.0
- javac 10.0.1
- mcs Mono C# compiler version 5.12.0.226
- dotnet 2.1.4
- dart Dart VM version: 2.0.0 (Fri Aug 3 10:53:23 2018 +0200)
- julia version 0.6.3
- node v9.4.0
- elixir Elixir 1.7.3 (compiled with Erlang/OTP 21)
- ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029)
- php 7.1.16 (cli) (built: Apr 1 2018 13:14:42)
- python 2.7.15
- python3 3.7.0
- perl 5, version 26, subversion 2 (v5.26.2)
- perl6 This is Rakudo Star version 2018.06 built on MoarVM version 2018.06
- r version 3.5.0 (2018-04-23)
- lcd2 the LLVM D compiler (1.11.0)
- ocaml The OCaml toplevel, version 4.07.0
- ghc The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System, version 8.4.3
- gfortran GNU Fortran (Homebrew GCC 8.2.0) 8.2.0
- tchsh 8.5