Peter Wittek sadly went missing in September 2019 during a mountaineering expedition.
I have been a frequent user of his great noncommutative polynomial optimization package ncpol2sdpa. As such I would like to try to maintain the package for future users and will update this fork with any major bugs I find/fix.
Ncpol2sdpa solves global polynomial optimization problems of either commutative variables or noncommutative operators through a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation. The optimization problem can be unconstrained or constrained by equalities and inequalities, and also by constraints on the moments. The objective is to be able to solve large scale optimization problems. Example applications include:
- When the polynomial optimization problem is defined over commutative variables, the generated SDP hierarchy is identical to Lasserre's. In this case, the functionality resembles the MATLAB toolboxes Gloptipoly, and, with the chordal extension, SparsePOP.
- Relaxations of parametric and bilevel polynomial optimization problems.
- When the polynomials are over noncommutative operators, the generated SDP is a step in the Navascués-Pironio-Acín (NPA) hierarchy. The most notable example is calculating the maximum quantum violation of Bell inequalities, also in multipartite scenarios.
- Nieto-Silleras hierarchy for quantifying randomness and for calculating maximum guessing probability.
- Moroder hierarchy to enable PPT-style and other additional constraints.
- Sums-of-square (SOS) decomposition based on the dual solution.
- Ground-state energy problems: bosonic and fermionic systems, Pauli spin operators. This methodology closely resembles the reduced density matrix (RDM) method.
- Hierarchy for quantum steering.
The implementation has an intuitive syntax for entering problems and it scales for a larger number of noncommutative variables using a sparse representation of the SDP problem. Further details are found in the following paper:
- Peter Wittek. Algorithm 950: Ncpol2sdpa---Sparse Semidefinite Programming Relaxations for Polynomial Optimization Problems of Noncommuting Variables. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 41(3), 21, 2015. DOI: 10.1145/2699464. arXiv:1308.6029.
The implementation requires SymPy and Numpy. The code is compatible with both Python 2 and 3. The code is compatible with Pypy>=5.10. Using it yields a 10-20x speedup.
By default, Ncpol2sdpa does not require a solver, but then it will not be able to solve a generated relaxation either. Install any supported solver and it will be detected automatically.
Optional dependencies include:
- SDPA is a possible target solver.
- SciPy yields faster execution with the default CPython interpreter.
- PICOS is necessary for using the Cvxopt solver and for converting the problem to a PICOS instance.
- MOSEK Python module is necessary to work with the MOSEK solver.
- CVXPY is required for converting the problem to or by solving it by CVXPY or by SCS.
- Cvxopt is required by both Chompack and PICOS.
- Chompack improves the sparsity of the chordal graph extension.
Documentation is available on Read the Docs. The following code replicates the toy example from Pironio, S.; Navascués, M. & Acín, A. Convergent relaxations of polynomial optimization problems with noncommuting variables SIAM Journal on Optimization, SIAM, 2010, 20, 2157-2180.
from ncpol2sdpa import generate_operators, SdpRelaxation
# Number of operators
n_vars = 2
# Level of relaxation
level = 2
# Get Hermitian operators
X = generate_operators('X', n_vars, hermitian=True)
# Define the objective function
obj = X[0] * X[1] + X[1] * X[0]
# Inequality constraints
inequalities = [-X[1] ** 2 + X[1] + 0.5 >= 0]
# Simple monomial substitutions
substitutions = {X[0]**2: X[0]}
# Obtain SDP relaxation
sdpRelaxation = SdpRelaxation(X)
sdpRelaxation.get_relaxation(level, objective=obj, inequalities=inequalities,
substitutions=substitutions)
sdpRelaxation.solve()
print(sdpRelaxation.primal, sdpRelaxation.dual, sdpRelaxation.status)Further examples are found in the documentation.
The code is available on PyPI, hence it can be installed by
$ sudo pip install ncpol2sdpa
If you want the latest git version, follow the standard procedure for installing Python modules after cloning the repository:
$ sudo python setup.py install
This work is supported by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement Number FP7-601138 PERICLES, by the Red Espanola de Supercomputacion grants number FI-2013-1-0008 and FI-2013-3-0004, and by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing projects SNIC 2014/2-7 and SNIC 2015/1-162.