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data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="通过数据绑定构建动态视图" aria-pressed="false"><span>组件</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 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title="在不同的指令和组件之间共享信息" target="_self"><span>组件交互</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/component-styles" title="添加专属于某个组件的样式" target="_self"><span>组件样式</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/inputs-outputs" title="Introductory guide to sharing data between parent and child directives or components." target="_self"><span>在父子组件、指令之间共享数据</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/content-projection" title="Learn how to create reusable components using Angular's content projection feature." 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data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/template-syntax" title="模板编写简介，如何借助数据绑定机制来显示数据、消费用户事件" target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/interpolation" title="An introduction to interpolation and expressions in HTML." target="_self"><span>文本插值</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/template-statements" title="模板中的语句简介，包括响应组件、指令或元素发出的事件" target="_self"><span>模板语句</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/pipes" title="管道可以在模板中转换显示的内容" target="_self"><span>管道</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/property-binding" title="介绍如何设置元素或输入的属性。" target="_self"><span>属性绑定</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/attribute-binding" title="介绍如何设置 HTML 属性（Attribute）的值" target="_self"><span>属性（Attribute）、类、样式绑定</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/event-binding" title="Introductory guide to listening for user interaction." target="_self"><span>事件绑定</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/two-way-binding" title="Introductory guide to sharing data between a class and a template." target="_self"><span>双向绑定</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/template-reference-variables" title="Introductory guide to referring to DOM elements within a template." target="_self"><span>模板引用变量</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/inputs-outputs" title="Introductory guide to sharing data between parent and child directives or components." target="_self"><span>输入与输出</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/svg-in-templates" title="Learn how to use SVGs as templates for Angular applications." target="_self"><span>用 SVG 做模板</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Control the behavior of elements and the layout of your pages with directives." aria-pressed="false"><span>指令</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/built-in-directives" title="Introductory guide to some of the most popular built-in directives." target="_self"><span>内置指令</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/attribute-directives" title="Attribute directives attach behavior to elements." target="_self"><span>属性型指令</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/structural-directives" title="Structural directives manipulate the layout of the page." target="_self"><span>结构型指令</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="依赖注入：创建并注入各种服务。" aria-pressed="false"><span>依赖注入</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dependency-injection" title="Angular 的依赖注入系统能够为 Angular 创建的类创建并交付它们所依赖的服务。" target="_self"><span>Angular 依赖注入</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dependency-injection-providers" title="More about the different kinds of providers." target="_self"><span>DI 提供者</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Learn more about how to use Angular to build your applications." aria-pressed="false"><span>开发指南</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/router" title="使用 Angular 路由器在多个视图之间进行应用内导航。" target="_self"><span>路由与导航</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Forms creates a cohesive, effective, and compelling data entry experience." aria-pressed="false"><span>表单</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/forms-overview" title="An Angular form coordinates a set of data-bound user controls, tracks changes, validates input, and presents errors." target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/reactive-forms" title="Create a reactive form using FormBuilder, groups, and arrays." target="_self"><span>响应式表单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/form-validation" title="Validate user's form entries." target="_self"><span>验证表单输入</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dynamic-form" title="Create dynamic form templates using FormGroup." target="_self"><span>构建动态表单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/http" title="Use HTTP to talk to a remote server." target="_self"><span>HTTP 客户端</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Testing your Angular apps." aria-pressed="false"><span>测试</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/testing" title="Introduction to testing an Angular app." target="_self"><span>测试简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/testing-code-coverage" title="Determine how much of your code is tested." target="_self"><span>代码覆盖率</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/testing-services" title="How to test services." target="_self"><span>测试服务</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/testing-components-basics" title="The fundamentals of how to test components." target="_self"><span>测试组件-基础</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/testing-components-scenarios" title="Use cases for testing components." target="_self"><span>组件测试场景</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/testing-attribute-directives" title="How to test attribute directives." target="_self"><span>测试属性型指令</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/testing-pipes" title="Writing tests for pipes." target="_self"><span>测试管道</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/test-debugging" title="How to debug tests." target="_self"><span>调试测试代码</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/testing-utility-apis" title="Features of the Angular testing utilities." target="_self"><span>测试工具 API</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/i18n" title="Translate the app's template text into multiple languages." target="_self"><span>国际化 (i18n)</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="通过动画增强用户体验。" aria-pressed="false"><span>动画</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/animations" title="Angular 动画的基础技术。" target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/transition-and-triggers" title="转场与触发器的高级技术。" target="_self"><span>转场与触发器</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/complex-animation-sequences" title="复杂的 Angular 动画序列。" target="_self"><span>复杂序列</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/reusable-animations" title="创建可复用的动画。" target="_self"><span>可复用动画</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/route-animations" title="为路由提供转场动画。" target="_self"><span>路由转场动画</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Understanding schematics." aria-pressed="false"><span>原理图（Schematics）</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/schematics" title="Extending CLI generation capabilities." target="_self"><span>原理图概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/schematics-authoring" title="Understand the structure of a schematic." target="_self"><span>编写原理图</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/schematics-for-libraries" title="Use schematics to integrate your library with the Angular CLI." target="_self"><span>库中的原理图</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular Service Worker: 控制应用资源的缓存。" aria-pressed="false"><span>Service Worker 与 PWA</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-intro" title="Angular 对 Service Worker 的实现提升了慢速或不稳定的网络连接下的用户体验。" target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-getting-started" title="在 CLI 项目中启用 Service Worker，并在浏览器中查看效果。" target="_self"><span>快速上手</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/app-shell" title="快速渲染应用的一部分，以增强启动时的体验。" target="_self"><span>应用外壳</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-communications" title="那些能让你和 Angular 的 Service Worker 通讯的服务类。" target="_self"><span>与 Service Worker 通讯</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-devops" title="运行带有 Service Worker 的应用、管理应用的更新、调试以及杀死应用。" target="_self"><span>生产环境下的 Service Worker</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/service-worker-config" title="配置 Service Worker 的缓存行为。" target="_self"><span>Service Worker 配置</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Learn how to build robust, scalable applications." aria-pressed="false"><span>最佳实践</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/security" title="Developing for content security in Angular applications." target="_self"><span>安全</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/accessibility" title="Design apps to be accessible to all users." target="_self"><span>无障碍性</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/updating" title="Information about updating Angular applications and libraries to the latest version." target="_self"><span>保持最新</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/property-binding-best-practices" title="Use property binding efficiently." target="_self"><span>属性绑定的最佳实践</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/lazy-loading-ngmodules" title="Lazy load modules to speed up your apps." target="_self"><span>惰性加载特性模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/lightweight-injection-tokens" title="Optimize client app size by designing library services with lightweight injection tokens." target="_self"><span>为库准备的轻量级注入令牌</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Tools to help you build your Angular applications." aria-pressed="false"><span>Angular 工具</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Build, and deployment information." aria-pressed="false"><span>开发工作流</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/deployment" title="Learn how to deploy your Angular app." target="_self"><span>部署应用</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Understanding ahead-of-time compilation." aria-pressed="false"><span>预先（AOT）编译器</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-3 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/aot-compiler" title="Learn why and how to use the Ahead-of-Time (AOT) compiler." target="_self"><span>预先编译</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/angular-compiler-options" title="Configuring AOT compilation." target="_self"><span>Angular 编译器选项</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/aot-metadata-errors" title="Troubleshooting AOT compilation." target="_self"><span>AOT 元数据错误</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/template-typecheck" title="Template type-checking in Angular." target="_self"><span>模板类型检查</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/build" title="Building and serving Angular apps." target="_self"><span>构建与本地服务器</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/cli-builder" title="Using builders to customize Angular CLI." target="_self"><span>CLI 构建器</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/universal" title="Render HTML server-side with Angular Universal." target="_self"><span>服务端渲染</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/language-service" title="Use Angular Language Service to speed up dev time." target="_self"><span>语言服务</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="End-to-end tutorials for learning Angular concepts and patterns." aria-pressed="false"><span>教程</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="The Tour of Heroes app is used as a reference point in many Angular examples." aria-pressed="false"><span>教程：英雄之旅</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="tutorial" title="Introduction to the Tour of Heroes app and tutorial" target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="tutorial/toh-pt0" title="Creating the application shell" target="_self"><span>创建项目</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="tutorial/toh-pt1" title="Part 1: Build a simple editor" target="_self"><span>1. 英雄编辑器</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="tutorial/toh-pt2" title="Part 2: Build a master/detail page with a list of heroes." target="_self"><span>2. 显示英雄列表</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="tutorial/toh-pt3" title="Part 3: Refactor the master/detail views into separate components." target="_self"><span>3. 创建特性组件</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="tutorial/toh-pt4" title="Part 4: Create a reusable service to manage hero data." target="_self"><span>4. 添加服务</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="tutorial/toh-pt5" title="Part 5: Add the Angular router and navigate among the views." target="_self"><span>5. 添加导航</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="tutorial/toh-pt6" title="Part 6: Use HTTP to retrieve and save hero data." target="_self"><span>6. 从服务器获取数据</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="End-to-end tutorials for learning about Angular's router." aria-pressed="false"><span>路由</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/router-tutorial" title="A tutorial that covers many patterns associated with Angular routing." target="_self"><span>在单页面应用中使用路由</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/router-tutorial-toh" title="Explore how to use Angular's router. Based on the Tour of Heroes example." target="_self"><span>路由器教程：英雄之旅</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/forms" title="Create a template-driven form using directives and Angular template syntax." target="_self"><span>构建模板驱动表单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/web-worker" title="Using web workers for background processing." target="_self"><span>Web Workers</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="使用共享库扩展 Angular" aria-pressed="false"><span>Angular 库</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/libraries" title="了解如何以及何时使用或创建库" target="_self"><span>库概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/using-libraries" title="把已发布的库集成到应用中" target="_self"><span>使用已发布的库</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/creating-libraries" title="通过创建、发布和使用自定义库来扩展 Angular" target="_self"><span>创建库</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular 的版本发布实践、更新与升级。" aria-pressed="false"><span>发布信息</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/releases" title="Angular 的版本、发布、支持、弃用策略及实践。" target="_self"><span>发布实践</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/roadmap" title="Roadmap of the Angular team." target="_self"><span>路线图</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Support for updating your application from version 11 to 12." aria-pressed="false"><span>升级到 v12</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/updating-to-version-12" title="Everything you need to know for updating your application from version 11 to 12." target="_self"><span>概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ivy-compatibility" title="Details to help you make sure your application is compatible with Ivy." target="_self"><span>Ivy 兼容性指南</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/migration-legacy-message-id" title="Learn how to migrate legacy IDs for localization to new, more stable ones." target="_self"><span>迁移：遗留的本地化 ID</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/deprecations" title="弃用的 Angular API 和特性汇总。" target="_self"><span>弃用清单</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ivy" title="关于 Angular Ivy 的编译与渲染管道。" target="_self"><span>Angular Ivy</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="把 AngularJS 应用增量式的升级到 Angular。" aria-pressed="false"><span>从 AngularJS 升级</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/upgrade" title="把 AngularJS 应用增量式的升级到 Angular。" target="_self"><span>升级步骤</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/upgrade-performance" title="用更灵活的方式把 AngularJS 升级到 Angular。" target="_self"><span>更关注性能的升级方式</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ajs-quick-reference" title="学习如何把 AngularJS 的概念映射到 Angular 中。" target="_self"><span>AngularJS 与 Angular 的概念对照</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Reference guides for Angular features and tools." aria-pressed="false"><span>参考手册</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-1 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Reference documentation that explains how Angular features work." aria-pressed="false"><span>概念参考手册</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Introduction to basic concepts for Angular applications." aria-pressed="false"><span>Angular 概念</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-3 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/architecture" title="Basic building blocks of Angular applications." target="_self"><span>基本概念简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/architecture-modules" title="About NgModules." target="_self"><span>模块简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/architecture-components" title="About Components, Templates, and Views." target="_self"><span>组件简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/architecture-services" title="About services and dependency injection." target="_self"><span>服务与 DI 简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/architecture-next-steps" title="Beyond the basics." target="_self"><span>后续步骤</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/binding-syntax" title="Introductory guide to coordinating app values." target="_self"><span>绑定语法</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/event-binding-concepts" title="About event binding." target="_self"><span>事件绑定原理</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/template-reference-variables" title="Introductory guide to referring to DOM elements within a template." target="_self"><span>模板变量</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Workspace and project file structure and configuration." aria-pressed="false"><span>工作区与项目的结构</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-3 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/file-structure" title="How your Angular workspace looks on your filesystem." target="_self"><span>项目文件结构</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/workspace-config" title="The "angular.json" file contains workspace and project configuration defaults for Angular CLI commands." target="_self"><span>工作区配置</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/npm-packages" title="Description of npm packages required at development time and at runtime." target="_self"><span>npm 依赖</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/typescript-configuration" title="TypeScript configuration for Angular developers." target="_self"><span>TypeScript 配置</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/browser-support" title="Browser support and polyfills guide." target="_self"><span>浏览器支持</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="NgModules." aria-pressed="false"><span>Angular 模块</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-3 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodules" title="Use NgModules to make your apps efficient." target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodule-vs-jsmodule" title="Differentiate between JavaScript modules and NgModules." target="_self"><span>JS 模块 vs Angular 模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/bootstrapping" title="Tell Angular how to construct and bootstrap the app in the root "AppModule"." target="_self"><span>通过根模块启动应用</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/frequent-ngmodules" title="Introduction to the most frequently used NgModules." target="_self"><span>常用 Angular 模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/module-types" title="Description of the different types of feature modules." target="_self"><span>特性模块的类型</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/entry-components" title="All about entry components in Angular." target="_self"><span>入口组件</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/feature-modules" title="Create feature modules to organize your code." target="_self"><span>特性模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/providers" title="Providing dependencies to NgModules." target="_self"><span>提供依赖</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/singleton-services" title="Creating singleton services." target="_self"><span>单例服务</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/sharing-ngmodules" title="Share NgModules to streamline your apps." target="_self"><span>共享 Angular 模块</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodule-api" title="Understand the details of NgModules." target="_self"><span>NgModule API</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/ngmodule-faq" title="Answers to frequently asked questions about NgModules." target="_self"><span>NgModule 常见问题</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Using observables for message passing in Angular." aria-pressed="false"><span>Observables & RxJS</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-3 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/observables" title="Using observables to pass values synchronously or asynchronously." target="_self"><span>简介</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/rx-library" title="A library for reactive programming using observables to compose asynchronous or callback-based code." target="_self"><span>RxJS 库</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/observables-in-angular" title="How Angular subsystems use and expect observables." target="_self"><span>Angular 中的 Observables</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/practical-observable-usage" title="Domains in which observables are particularly useful." target="_self"><span>实际运用</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/comparing-observables" title="How observables compare to promises and other message passing techniques." target="_self"><span>与其它技术的比较</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Using dependency injection in Angular." aria-pressed="false"><span>依赖注入</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-3 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/hierarchical-dependency-injection" title="An injector tree parallels the component tree and supports nested dependencies." target="_self"><span>多级依赖注入</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-4 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/dependency-injection-in-action" title="Techniques for dependency injection." target="_self"><span>DI 实战</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Angular CLI command reference." aria-pressed="false"><span>CLI 命令参考手册</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli" title="An introduction to the CLI tool, commands, and syntax." target="_self"><span>概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/usage-analytics-gathering" title="For administrators, guide to gathering usage analytics from your users." target="_self"><span>使用情况分析</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/add" title="ng add." target="_self"><span>ng add</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/analytics" title="ng analytics." target="_self"><span>ng analytics</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/build" title="ng build." target="_self"><span>ng build</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/config" title="ng config." target="_self"><span>ng config</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/deploy" title="ng deploy." target="_self"><span>ng deploy</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/doc" title="ng doc." target="_self"><span>ng doc</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/e2e" title="ng e2e." target="_self"><span>ng e2e</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/extract-i18n" title="ng extract-i18n." target="_self"><span>ng extract-i18n</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/generate" title="ng generate." target="_self"><span>ng generate</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/help" title="ng help." target="_self"><span>ng help</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/lint" title="ng lint." target="_self"><span>ng lint</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/new" title="ng new." target="_self"><span>ng new</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/run" title="ng run." target="_self"><span>ng run</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/serve" title="ng serve." target="_self"><span>ng serve</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/test" title="ng test." target="_self"><span>ng test</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/update" title="ng update." target="_self"><span>ng update</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="cli/version" title="ng version." target="_self"><span>ng version</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="api" title="Details of the Angular packages, classes, interfaces, and other types." target="_self"><span>API 参考手册</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Details of the errors that can be thrown by Angular." aria-pressed="false"><span>报错参考手册</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG0100" title="Expression Changed After Checked" target="_self"><span>NG0100: Expression Changed After Checked</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG0200" title="Circular Dependency in DI" target="_self"><span>NG0200: Circular Dependency in DI</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG0201" title="No Provider Found" target="_self"><span>NG0201: No Provider Found</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG0300" title="Selector Collision" target="_self"><span>NG0300: Selector Collision</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG0301" title="Export Not Found" target="_self"><span>NG0301: Export Not Found</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG0302" title="Pipe Not Found" target="_self"><span>NG0302: Pipe Not Found</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG1001" title="Argument Not Literal" target="_self"><span>NG1001: Argument Not Literal</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG2003" title="Missing Token" target="_self"><span>NG2003: Missing Token</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG3003" title="Import Cycle Detected" target="_self"><span>NG3003: Import Cycle Detected</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG6999" title="Invalid metadata" target="_self"><span>NG6999: Invalid metadata</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG8001" title="Invalid Element" target="_self"><span>NG8001: Invalid Element</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG8002" title="Invalid Attribute" target="_self"><span>NG8002: Invalid Attribute</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="errors/NG8003" title="Missing Reference Target" target="_self"><span>NG8003: Missing Reference Target</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/example-apps-list" title="List of all of the example applications in the Angular documentation." target="_self"><span>范例应用</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/glossary" title="Brief definitions of the most important words in the Angular vocabulary." target="_self"><span>Angular 词汇表</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Summaries of Angular syntax, coding, and doc styles." aria-pressed="false"><span>Angular 风格与用法</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/cheatsheet" title="A quick guide to common Angular coding techniques." target="_self"><span>速查表</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/styleguide" title="Guidelines for writing Angular code." target="_self"><span>代码风格指南</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><button type="button" class="vertical-menu-item heading level-2 collapsed ng-star-inserted" title="Describes how to contribute to the Angular documentation." aria-pressed="false"><span>内容贡献者指南</span><mat-icon role="img" svgicon="keyboard_arrow_right" class="mat-icon notranslate rotating-icon mat-icon-no-color" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="svg" data-mat-icon-name="keyboard_arrow_right"><svg focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z"></path></svg></mat-icon></button><div class="heading-children level-2 collapsed"><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/contributors-guide-overview" title="Provides an overview of how to contribute to Angular's documentation." target="_self"><span>概览</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/reviewing-content" title="Keep Angular content up-to-date by reviewing topics for accuracy." target="_self"><span>内容复查</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/updating-search-keywords" title="Help users find the content they need by adding additional search keywords." target="_self"><span>更新搜索关键字</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/updating-content-github-ui" title="Update topics in the browser through the GitHub user interface." target="_self"><span>使用 GitHub UI 修改内容</span></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-3 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="guide/docs-style-guide" title="Style guide for documentation authors." target="_self"><span>文档风格指南</span></a></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="mat-divider ng-star-inserted" style="margin:4px 20px;border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3"></div></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://github.com/ng-docs/ng-docs.github.io/issues" title="github 上的中文互助问答区" target="_blank"><span>互助问答</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="font">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://material.angular.cn" title="Angular Material 组件库的中文文档" target="_blank"><span>官方 Material 组件库</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="font">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://ng.ant.design/" title="Ant Design 的 Angular 实现，服务于企业级后台产品。" target="_blank"><span>ng-zorro 组件库</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="font">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://devui.design/" title="“华为云” 开源的企业级组件库，核心设计**是：致简、沉浸、灵活" target="_blank"><span>华为 DevUI 组件库</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="font">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://ngnest.com/" title="基于 Angular 和 Nest 的 Web 应用程序框架，UI 库中涵盖了企业开发中需要的大部分组件，table、form、tree、message、dialog、menu、tabs 等一共 60+ 基础组件" target="_blank"><span>ng-nest 组件库</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="font">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://ng.mobile.ant.design/" title="Ant Design Mobile 的 Angular 实现，服务于无线产品。" target="_blank"><span>ng-zorro mobile 组件库</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="font">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item><aio-nav-item class="ng-star-inserted"><div class="ng-star-inserted"><a class="vertical-menu-item level-1 collapsed ng-star-inserted" style="position:relative" href="https://flutter.cn/" title="Flutter 中文文档站" target="_blank"><span>友站：Flutter 中文</span><mat-icon role="img" class="mat-icon notranslate material-icons mat-icon-no-color ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true" data-mat-icon-type="font">open_in_new</mat-icon></a></div></aio-nav-item></aio-nav-menu><div class="doc-version ng-tns-c18-1"><aio-select><div class="form-select-menu"><button class="form-select-button"><span><strong></strong></span><span>同步翻译版 (v12.1.0-next.1)</span></button></div></aio-select></div></div></mat-sidenav><div class="cdk-visually-hidden cdk-focus-trap-anchor" aria-hidden="true"></div><mat-sidenav-content cdkscrollable="" class="mat-drawer-content mat-sidenav-content ng-star-inserted"><main role="main" class="sidenav-content" id="README"><aio-mode-banner></aio-mode-banner><aio-doc-viewer class=""><div style="opacity:1"><div class="content"><h1 id="contributors-page">Contributors page<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="README#contributors-page"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h1><aio-toc class="embedded" ng-version="12.0.0-rc.2"><div class="toc-inner no-print collapsed ng-star-inserted"><div class="toc-heading embedded ng-star-inserted">目录</div><ul class="toc-list embedded"><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="GDE listings"><a href="README#gde-listings">GDE listings</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="About the data"><a href="README#about-the-data">About the data</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="Processing the data"><a href="README#processing-the-data">Processing the data</a></li></ul></div></aio-toc><p>We have an official accounting of who is on the Angular Team, who are "trusted collaborators" (see <a href="https://team.angular.io/collaborators">https://team.angular.io/collaborators</a>), and so on.</p><p>The <code>contributors.json</code> should be maintained to keep our "org chart" in a single consistent place.</p><h2 id="gde-listings">GDE listings<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="README#gde-listings"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p>There are two pages:</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://developers.google.com/experts/all/technology/angular">https://developers.google.com/experts/all/technology/angular</a> (Googlers: source at http://google3/googledata/devsite/content/en/experts/all/technology/angular.html) which is maintained by Dawid Ostrowski based on a spreadsheet <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1_Ls2Kle7NxPBIG8f3OEVZ4gJZ8OCTtBxGYwMPb1TUVE/edit#gid=0">https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1_Ls2Kle7NxPBIG8f3OEVZ4gJZ8OCTtBxGYwMPb1TUVE/edit#gid=0</a>.</p></li><li><p>Ours: <a href="https://angular.io/about?group=GDE">https://angular.io/about?group=GDE</a> which is derived from <code>contributors.json</code>.</p></li></ul><h2 id="about-the-data">About the data<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="README#about-the-data"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><ul><li>Keys in <code>contributors.json</code> should be GitHub handles. (Most currently are, but not all.) This will allow us to use GitHub as the default source for things like name, avatar, etc.</li><li>Keys are sorted in alphabetical order, please keep the sorting order when adding new entries.</li><li>Pictures are stored in <code>aio/content/images/bios/<picture-filename></code>.</li></ul><h2 id="processing-the-data">Processing the data<a title="Link to this heading" class="header-link" aria-hidden="true" href="README#processing-the-data"><i class="material-icons">link</i></a></h2><p>Install <a href="https://stedolan.github.io/jq/">https://stedolan.github.io/jq/</a> which is amazing.</p><code-example language="sh" ng-version="12.0.0-rc.2"><div style="display:none"></div><aio-code><pre class="lang-sh prettyprint"> <button title="Copy code snippet" class="material-icons copy-button no-print ng-star-inserted" aria-label="">
<span aria-hidden="true">content_copy</span>
</button>
<code class="animated fadeIn"><span class="kwd">for</span><span class="pln"> handle </span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pln"> $</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">jq keys</span><span class="pun">[]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">raw</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">output </span><span class="pun"><</span><span class="pln"> aio</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">content</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">marketing</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">contributors</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">json</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">do</span><span class="pln"> echo </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">e </span><span class="str">"\n$handle\n---------\n"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> curl </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">silent </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">H </span><span class="str">"Authorization: token ${TOKEN}"</span><span class="pln"> https</span><span class="pun">://</span><span class="pln">api</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">github</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">users</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">$handle \
</span><span class="pun">|</span><span class="pln"> jq </span><span class="str">".message,.name,.company,.blog,.bio"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">raw</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">output
</span><span class="kwd">done</span></code>
</pre></aio-code></code-example><p>Relevant scripts are stored in <code>aio/scripts/contributors/</code>.</p></div></div></aio-doc-viewer></main></mat-sidenav-content></mat-sidenav-container><div class="toc-container no-print ng-star-inserted"><aio-lazy-ce selector="aio-toc"><aio-toc ng-version="12.0.0-rc.2"><div class="toc-inner no-print collapsed ng-star-inserted"><ul class="toc-list"><li class="h1 ng-star-inserted active" title="Contributors page"><a href="README#contributors-page">Contributors page</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="GDE listings"><a href="README#gde-listings">GDE listings</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="About the data"><a href="README#about-the-data">About the data</a></li><li class="h2 ng-star-inserted" title="Processing the data"><a href="README#processing-the-data">Processing the data</a></li></ul></div></aio-toc></aio-lazy-ce></div><footer class="no-print"><aio-footer><div class="grid-fluid"><div class="footer-block 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