omar214 / C-minus-minus

Compiler

📝 Table of Contents

• Overview
• Features
• Tools & Technologies
• How To Run
• GUI
• Tokens
• Grammer
• Quadrables

🚩Overview

• in this project we made a new and fast compiler for the C /C++ language using Flex & Bison
• A File.cpp is fed to our compiler then the lexer generates the tokens → passed to our parser to generate the production rules then → it generates the following :
  • Errors.txt for any syntax/semantic error in the file
  • Quadrables.txt for the stack machine code resulted from this code
  • SymbolTable.txt the log of our symbol table where it saves the variables

Pipeline

🚩Features

• variable declaration with all types int , float , char , string , bool
• variable assignment
• controls statements if , switch
• loop statements for , while , do while , break , continue
• functions either void or return type
• print statement
• nested scopes and blocks
  • if , switch , for , while , do while , function , block
• enum statement
• default statement
• case statement
• const statement
• syntax error handling
• semantic error handling
  • undeclared variable
  • redeclared variable
  • invalid const update
  • un-initialized variable
  • un-used variable
  • type mismatch
  • invalid assignment

💻Tools & Technologies

• Flex
• Bison
• C/C++
• GUI
  • React for FE
  • Node for BE

🏁How To Run

make clean
make build

./compiler.exe /path/to/input/file  /path/to/out/directory

🎥GUI

---

✨Tokens

Reserved Keywords

• for the data type definitions
  • INT_TYPE ,FLOAT_TYPE , STRING_TYPE , CHAR_TYPE , BOOL_TYPE , CONST
  • VOID
• control statements
  • IF , ELSE , SWITCH ,CASE , DEFAULT
• loops
  • FOR , WHILE , DO , BREAK
• others
  • ENUM ,RETURN ,PRINT

Operators

• mathematical
  • ASSIGNMENT , ADD , SUB , MUL , DIV , MOD
• logical
  • EQUAL_TO , NOT_EQUAL , LT GT , LTE , GTE
  • AND , OR , NOT

Values

• STRING_VALUE , CHAR_VALUE , INT_VALUE FLOAT_VALUE BOOL_VALUE
• IDENTIFIER

🧾Grammer (Production Rules)

program:
        program statement
    | /* Empty Statement */
    ;

statement_list:
        statement
    |   statement_list statement
    ;

data_type:
        INT_TYPE
    |   FLOAT_TYPE
    |   CHAR_TYPE
    |   BOOL_TYPE
    |   STRING_TYPE
    ;


statement:
        SEMICOLON
    |   expr SEMICOLON

    /* Declaration & Assignment */
    |   data_type IDENTIFIER SEMICOLON
    |   data_type IDENTIFIER ASSIGNMENT expr SEMICOLON
    |   CONST data_type IDENTIFIER ASSIGNMENT expr SEMICOLON
    |   IDENTIFIER ASSIGNMENT expr SEMICOLON
    |   enum_statement

    /* Loop statment */
    |   WHILE '(' expr ')' statement
    |   DO statement WHILE '(' expr ')' SEMICOLON
    |   FOR '(' IDENTIFIER ASSIGNMENT expr SEMICOLON expr SEMICOLON IDENTIFIER ASSIGNMENT expr ')' statement

    /*  IF statment*/
    |   IF '(' expr ')' statement %prec IFX
    |   IF '(' expr ')' statement ELSE statement

    /* Switch statement */
    |   SWITCH '(' IDENTIFIER ')' '
    |   BREAK SEMICOLON

    /* Print statement */
    | PRINT '(' expr ')' SEMICOLON      /* only prints variables */

    /* Function Statement */
    |   data_type IDENTIFIER function_arguements_list '
    |   VOID IDENTIFIER function_arguements_list '
    |   VOID IDENTIFIER function_arguements_list '

    /* Block Statement */
    |   '{' statement_list '}'
    |   '{'  '}'
    |   error SEMICOLON
    |   error '}'
    ;

enum_arguments:
        enum_arguments COMMA IDENTIFIER
    |   IDENTIFIER
    ;

enum_statement:
        ENUM
    ;

case_list:
        case_list CASE INT COLON statement_list
    |   case_list CASE CHAR COLON statement_list
    |   case_list CASE STRING COLON statement_list
    |   case_list CASE BOOL COLON statement_list
    |  /* Empty statement */
    ;

case_default:
        DEFAULT COLON statement_list
    ;

expr:
        INT
    |   FLOAT
    |   CHAR
    |   STRING
    |   BOOL
    |   IDENTIFIER
    |   SUB expr %prec UMINUS
    |   NOT expr

    /* Mathematical */
    |   expr ADD expr
    |   expr SUB expr
    |   expr MUL expr
    |   expr DIV expr
    |   expr MOD expr

    /* Logical */
    |   expr LT expr
    |   expr GT expr
    |   expr GTE expr
    |   expr LTE expr
    |   expr NOT_EQUAL expr
    |   expr EQUAL_TO expr
    |   expr AND expr
    |   expr OR expr

    /* function call or grouped */
    |   IDENTIFIER function_call
    |   '(' expr ')'
    ;

function_statement_list:
        RETURN expr SEMICOLON
    |   statement function_statement_list
    ;

function_arguements:
        data_type IDENTIFIER
    |   data_type IDENTIFIER COMMA function_arguements
    ;

function_arguements_list:
        '(' function_arguements ')'
    |   '(' ')'
    ;

function_arguements_call:
        expr
    |   function_arguements_call COMMA expr
    ;

function_call:
        '(' function_arguements_call ')'
    |   '(' ')'
    ;

📖Quadrables

Quadrable	Description
PUSH value	pushes the value to stack
POP var_name	pops the first value from stack and stores it in var_name
JMP label	jumbs to the labelspecified
JZ label	if zero_flag is set then it jumbs the label specified
NEG	stack_top = -1 * stack_top (negates the stack_top)
PLUS	pops the top 2 operands from stack & make plus operation on them then
pushes it to stack again
SUBTRACT	pops the top 2 operands from stack & make subtract operation on them then
pushes it to stack again
MUL	pops the top 2 operands from stack & make multipication operation on them then
pushes it to stack again
DIV	pops the top 2 operands from stack & make division operation on them then
pushes it to stack again
MOD	pops the top 2 operands from stack & make mod operation on them then
pushes it to stack again
AND	pops the top 2 operands from stack & make
OR
LABEL :	puts label at specific location to jumb to
CALL LABEL	jumbs to the specific label of a function
END LABEL	used to indicates the end of a function so , we can pop the address of line that we called function from , so we can return to it easy
HLT	the end of the program