This project shows how to build "micro" applications with Spring and Spring Boot - the smallest, functional units, with the fewest dependencies and fastest start times
Build the jar:
$ ./mvnw clean installRun it
$ java -jar target/micro-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
...
2018-05-23 10:03:41.776 [main] INFO com.example.demo.DemoApplication - Started DemoApplication in 1.885 seconds (JVM running for 3.769)
...The default app is relatively full-bodied - it uses Spring Boot and auto-configuration.
You can run the smaller apps using command line flags:
$ java -jar target/micro-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --thin.main=com.example.mini.MiniApplication
...
May 23, 2018 10:05:41 AM reactor.util.Loggers$Slf4JLogger info
INFO: Started HttpServer on /127.0.0.1:8080The main class could be one of
Main |
Description |
|
com.example.demo.DemoApplication |
(The default). Spring Boot with Webflux and full autoconfiguration |
|
com.example.manual.ManualApplication |
Spring Boot with Webflux but manually importing autoconfiguration using |
|
com.example.boot.BootApplication |
Spring Boot with Webflux and |
|
com.example.func.FuncApplication |
Spring (not Boot) with Webflux and |
|
com.example.func.BuncApplication |
Spring Boot with Webflux and |
|
com.example.mini.MiniApplication |
Raw Spring, no autoconfiguration, but using |
|
com.example.micro.MicroApplication |
Raw Spring with no |
The thin.profile could be empty (the default) for just spring-boot-starter-webflux dependencies, or you can try jack for a more "normal" set of dependencies, e.g. with hibernate-validator, jackson, and logback. Other choices add more dependencies (e.g. actr for spring-boot-starter-actuator). You will need the "jack" profile to use actuators, so --thin.profile=actr,jack.
The apps are already systematically benchmarked here with regular JVMs: https://github.com/dsyer/spring-boot-startup-bench/blob/master/flux/README.adoc. The point of this project is just to extract them out of the JMH benchmarks, and make them easily executable as standalone apps. In the benchmarks, the "jack" profile is the default, and "jlog" is the faster reduced set of dependencies.
Spring Boot 2.4.3:
class method sample beans classes heap memory median mean range
MicroBenchmark main empt 37.000 3492.000 5.047 36.515 0.528 0.543 0.012
MicroBenchmark main react ≈ 0 2191.000 6.269 31.371 0.235 0.240 0.009
MicroBenchmark main micro 6.000 3240.000 7.416 40.326 0.330 0.341 0.010
MicroBenchmark main mini 28.000 3827.000 7.370 43.582 0.473 0.480 0.009
MicroBenchmark main func 45.000 3419.000 7.707 40.650 0.466 0.481 0.017
MicroBenchmark main bunc 46.000 4129.000 6.200 43.422 0.554 0.581 0.047
MicroBenchmark main cunc 52.000 4320.000 6.661 44.926 0.588 0.618 0.045
MicroBenchmark main boot 29.000 3435.000 6.571 41.350 0.413 0.421 0.011
MicroBenchmark main manl 57.000 4478.000 6.753 45.894 0.655 0.675 0.021
MicroBenchmark main demo 108.000 4891.000 8.656 50.341 0.818 0.830 0.019
ProfileBenchmark main jack 106.000 5270.000 10.205 54.235 0.851 0.874 0.029
ProfileBenchmark main actr 186.000 5137.000 9.889 53.202 0.928 0.965 0.049
ProfileBenchmark main jdbc 143.000 5119.000 9.801 52.861 0.884 0.914 0.028
ProfileBenchmark main actj 227.000 5375.000 11.170 55.669 1.003 1.023 0.022JDK 17 (EA):
class method sample beans classes heap memory median mean range
MicroBenchmark main empt 37.000 3854.000 6.133 31.948 0.490 0.511 0.020
MicroBenchmark main demo 108.000 5262.000 9.216 44.461 0.751 0.772 0.029
MicroBenchmark main manl 57.000 4864.000 8.269 41.515 0.625 0.656 0.037
CdsBenchmark main empt 37.000 3942.000 6.184 23.773 0.302 0.325 0.017
CdsBenchmark main demo 107.000 5709.000 9.715 27.987 0.434 0.444 0.016
CdsBenchmark main manl 57.000 5470.000 8.897 26.995 0.346 0.365 0.021Spring Boot 2.3.0:
class method sample beans classes heap memory median mean range
MicroBenchmark main empt 38.000 3344.000 5.556 36.461 0.515 0.523 0.010
MicroBenchmark main react ≈0 2163.000 5.995 30.828 0.223 0.228 0.007
MicroBenchmark main micro 6.000 3168.000 6.750 38.088 0.311 0.317 0.009
MicroBenchmark main mini 27.000 3731.000 6.625 41.262 0.450 0.455 0.008
MicroBenchmark main func 44.000 3325.000 7.117 39.532 0.447 0.455 0.008
MicroBenchmark main bunc 45.000 3955.000 6.859 43.211 0.505 0.521 0.023
MicroBenchmark main cunc 51.000 4145.000 6.057 43.402 0.545 0.571 0.046
MicroBenchmark main boot 28.000 3397.000 6.204 40.375 0.399 0.404 0.005
MicroBenchmark main manl 54.000 4301.000 6.323 44.583 0.612 0.619 0.012
MicroBenchmark main demo 105.000 4729.000 7.878 48.748 0.788 0.802 0.020
ProfileBenchmark main jack 103.000 5095.000 9.230 52.456 0.835 0.848 0.011
ProfileBenchmark main actr 190.000 5196.000 9.701 53.370 1.009 1.020 0.014
ProfileBenchmark main jdbc 140.000 5135.000 9.240 52.510 0.928 0.941 0.012
ProfileBenchmark main actj 230.000 5401.000 8.676 53.516 1.090 1.114 0.036Spring Boot 2.2.1:
class method sample beans classes heap memory median mean range
MicroBenchmark main react ≈ 0 2166.000 5.897 30.746 0.219 0.224 0.007
MicroBenchmark main empt 32.000 3269.000 6.366 36.951 0.469 0.481 0.015
MicroBenchmark main micro 6.000 3156.000 6.638 37.913 0.305 0.312 0.008
MicroBenchmark main mini 27.000 3734.000 6.660 41.262 0.444 0.450 0.008
MicroBenchmark main func 45.000 3298.000 6.870 39.068 0.435 0.444 0.012
MicroBenchmark main bunc 46.000 3915.000 6.806 42.849 0.503 0.537 0.040
MicroBenchmark main cunc 52.000 4101.000 5.868 42.908 0.529 0.577 0.054
MicroBenchmark main boot 28.000 4043.000 6.012 42.109 0.387 0.395 0.011
MicroBenchmark main manl 53.000 4231.000 6.105 43.980 0.574 0.583 0.011
MicroBenchmark main demo 100.000 4671.000 7.352 47.825 0.731 0.756 0.031
ProfileBenchmark main jack 98.000 5431.000 9.899 54.039 0.778 0.795 0.015
ProfileBenchmark main actr 188.000 5704.000 9.418 55.329 0.945 0.957 0.014
ProfileBenchmark main jdbc 138.000 5625.000 8.262 53.747 0.880 0.980 0.137
ProfileBenchmark main actj 228.000 5884.000 10.758 57.704 1.030 1.142 0.116Snapshots after 2.2.0.M4:
class method sample beans classes heap memory median mean range
MicroBenchmark main empt 29.000 3272.000 6.388 36.948 0.461 0.491 0.051
MicroBenchmark main micro 6.000 3135.000 6.554 37.536 0.296 0.301 0.007
MicroBenchmark main mini 27.000 3697.000 6.546 40.860 0.426 0.438 0.011
MicroBenchmark main func 45.000 3317.000 6.955 39.155 0.427 0.438 0.022
MicroBenchmark main bunc 46.000 3922.000 6.745 42.758 0.471 0.482 0.011
MicroBenchmark main cunc 52.000 4082.000 5.819 42.736 0.510 0.524 0.029
MicroBenchmark main demo 96.000 4632.000 7.120 47.307 0.712 0.738 0.060Earlier results:
class method sample beans classes heap memory median mean range
MainBenchmark main empt 24.000 3230.000 5.103 38.769 0.546 0.555 0.018
MainBenchmark main jlog 80.000 3598.000 6.141 43.006 0.667 0.679 0.019
MainBenchmark main demo 93.000 4365.000 8.024 49.564 0.766 0.773 0.011
MainBenchmark main actr 174.000 5172.000 8.538 54.216 0.902 0.911 0.020
MainBenchmark main jdbc 131.000 5261.000 9.174 55.252 0.883 0.902 0.031
MainBenchmark main actj 214.000 5510.000 9.007 56.571 0.995 1.021 0.065class method sample beans classes heap memory median mean range
MiniBenchmark boot jlog 28.000 3336.000 7.082 41.949 0.588 0.597 0.014
MiniBenchmark boot demo 28.000 4012.000 6.508 45.566 0.703 0.710 0.011
MiniBenchmark first jlog 2.000 2176.000 6.556 38.574 0.416 0.418 0.004
MiniBenchmark first demo 2.000 2913.000 5.647 42.091 0.515 0.523 0.008
MiniBenchmark micro jlog 2.000 2176.000 4.608 32.886 0.336 0.345 0.013
MiniBenchmark micro demo 2.000 2913.000 7.318 40.454 0.438 0.451 0.016
MiniBenchmark mini jlog 27.000 3059.000 5.487 38.953 0.534 0.545 0.018
MiniBenchmark mini demo 27.000 3732.000 5.969 43.726 0.631 0.636 0.007All the apps are compilable to a native binary image using the Graal tools once you have Andy’s Spring Graal Feature library - just clone it and mvn install it.
Download GraalVM and install it (add the bin dir to you path and set the JAVA_HOME to point to GraalVM). You can also use sdkman to download it. You will need GraalVM 19.0.
Compute the classpath using the graal profile so that we can work around some limitations[1] of the Graal Features library:
$ CP=`java -jar target/micro-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --thin.classpath --thin.profile=graal`Then build an image:
$ native-image -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true --no-server -H:Name=target/micro -H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces --no-fallback --allow-incomplete-classpath --report-unsupported-elements-at-runtime -cp $CP com.example.micro.MicroApplicationThen run it:
$ ./target/micro
Started HttpServer: 2msExcellent!
You can do the same with all the applications in this project, including DemoApplication (full Spring Boot):
$ native-image -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true --no-server -H:Name=target/demo -H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces --no-fallback --allow-incomplete-classpath --report-unsupported-elements-at-runtime -cp $CP com.example.demo.DemoApplication
$ ./target/demo
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot ::
Aug 07, 2018 11:25:13 AM org.springframework.boot.StartupInfoLogger logStarting
INFO: Starting application on tower with PID 11253 (started by dsyer in /home/dsyer/dev/demo/workspace/micro)
Aug 07, 2018 11:25:13 AM org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication logStartupProfileInfo
INFO: No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
Aug 07, 2018 11:25:13 AM org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.netty.NettyWebServer start
INFO: Netty started on port(s): 8080
Aug 07, 2018 11:25:13 AM org.springframework.boot.StartupInfoLogger logStarted
INFO: Started application in 0.036 seconds (JVM running for 0.04)
Benchmark app started
Started HttpServer: 40msNote that whenever @Configuration is used, including in meta annotations like @SpringBootApplication, it must have the proxyBeanMethods = false flag set. CGLib is not friendly with GraalVM native images.