aws-cli
This package provides a unified command line interface to Amazon Web Services.
The aws-cli package works on Python versions:
- 2.6.5 and greater
- 2.7.x and greater
- 3.3.x and greater
- 3.4.x and greater
Attention!
We recommend that all customers regularly monitor the Amazon Web Services Security Bulletins website for any important security bulletins related to aws-cli.
Installation
The easiest way to install aws-cli is to use pip:
$ pip install awscli
or, if you are not installing in a virtualenv:
$ sudo pip install awscli
If you have the aws-cli installed and want to upgrade to the latest version you can run:
$ pip install --upgrade awscli
This will install the aws-cli package as well as all dependencies. You can also just download the tarball. Once you have the awscli directory structure on your workstation, you can just run:
$ cd <path_to_awscli> $ python setup.py install
If you want to run the develop branch of the CLI, see the
"CLI Dev Version" section below.
CLI Releases
The release notes for the AWS CLI can be found here. You can also find a CHANGELOG in the github repo.
Command Completion
The aws-cli package includes a very useful command completion feature.
This feature is not automatically installed so you need to configure it manually.
To enable tab completion for bash either use the built-in command complete:
$ complete -C aws_completer aws
Or add bin/aws_bash_completer file under /etc/bash_completion.d,
/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d or any other bash_completion.d location.
For tcsh:
$ complete aws 'p/*/`aws_completer`/'
You should add this to your startup scripts to enable it for future sessions.
For zsh please refer to bin/aws_zsh_completer.sh. Source that file, e.g. from your ~/.zshrc, and make sure you run compinit before:
$ source bin/aws_zsh_completer.sh
For now the bash compatibility auto completion (bashcompinit) is used. For further details please refer to the top of bin/aws_zsh_completer.sh.
Getting Started
Before using aws-cli, you need to tell it about your AWS credentials. You can do this in several ways:
- Environment variables
- Config file
- IAM Role
The quickest way to get started is to run the aws configure command:
$ aws configure AWS Access Key ID: foo AWS Secret Access Key: bar Default region name [us-west-2]: us-west-2 Default output format [None]: json
To use environment variables, do the following:
$ export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<access_key> $ export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<secret_key>
To use a config file, create a configuration file like this:
[default] aws_access_key_id=<default access key> aws_secret_access_key=<default secret key> # Optional, to define default region for this profile. region=us-west-1 [profile testing] aws_access_key_id=<testing access key> aws_secret_access_key=<testing secret key> region=us-west-2
and place it in ~/.aws/config (or in %UserProfile%\.aws\config on Windows).
As you can see, you can have multiple profiles defined in this
configuration file and specify which profile to use by using the --profile
option. If no profile is specified the default profile is used. Except
for the default profile, you must prefix each config section of a profile
group with profile. For example, if you have a profile named "testing" the
section header would be [profile testing].
If you wish to place the config file in a different location than the one specified above, you need to tell aws-cli where to find it. Do this by setting the appropriate environment variable:
$ export AWS_CONFIG_FILE=/path/to/config_file
The final option for credentials is highly recommended if you are using aws-cli on an EC2 instance. IAM Roles are a great way to have credentials installed automatically on your instance. If you are using IAM Roles, aws-cli will find them and use them automatically.
Other Configurable Variables
In addition to credentials, a number of other variables can be configured either with environment variables, configuration file entries or both. The following table documents these.
| Variable | Option | Config Entry | Environment Variable | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| profile | --profile | profile | AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE | Default profile name |
| region | --region | region | AWS_DEFAULT_REGION | Default AWS Region |
| config_file | AWS_CONFIG_FILE | Alternate location of config | ||
| output | --output | output | AWS_DEFAULT_OUTPUT | Default output style |
| ca_bundle | --ca-bundle | ca_bundle | AWS_CA_BUNDLE | CA Certificate Bundle |
| access_key | aws_access_key_id | AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID | AWS Access Key | |
| secret_key | aws_secret_access_key | AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY | AWS Secret Key | |
| token | aws_session_token | AWS_SESSION_TOKEN | AWS Token (temp credentials) |
Examples
If you get tired of specifying a --region option on the command line
all of the time, you can specify a default region to use whenever no
explicit --region option is included using the region variable.
To specify this using an environment variable:
$ export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-west-2
To include it in your config file:
[default] aws_access_key_id=<default access key> aws_secret_access_key=<default secret key> region=us-west-1
Similarly, the profile variable can be used to specify which profile to use
if one is not explicitly specified on the command line via the
--profile option. To set this via environment variable:
$ export AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE=testing
The profile variable can not be specified in the configuration file
since it would have to be associated with a profile and would defeat the
purpose.
Accessing Services With Global Endpoints
Some services, such as AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) have a single, global endpoint rather than different endpoints for each region.
To make access to these services simpler, aws-cli will automatically
use the global endpoint unless you explicitly supply a region (using
the --region option) or a profile (using the --profile option).
Therefore, the following:
$ aws iam list-users
Will automatically use the global endpoint for the IAM service
regardless of the value of the AWS_DEFAULT_REGION environment
variable or the region variable specified in your profile.
JSON Parameter Input
Many options that need to be provided are simple string or numeric values. However, some operations require JSON data structures as input parameters either on the command line or in files.
For example, consider the command to authorize access to an EC2 security group. In this case, we will add ingress access to port 22 for all IP addresses:
$ aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-name MySecurityGroup \
--ip-permissions '{"FromPort":22,"ToPort":22,"IpProtocol":"tcp","IpRanges":[{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0"}]}'
File-based Parameter Input
Some parameter values are so large or so complex that it would be easier to place the parameter value in a file and refer to that file rather than entering the value directly on the command line.
Let's use the authorize-security-group-ingress command shown above.
Rather than provide the value of the --ip-permissions parameter directly
in the command, you could first store the values in a file. Let's call
the file ip_perms.json:
{"FromPort":22,
"ToPort":22,
"IpProtocol":"tcp",
"IpRanges":[{"CidrIp":"0.0.0.0/0"}]}
Then, we could make the same call as above like this:
$ aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-name MySecurityGroup \
--ip-permissions file://ip_perms.json
The file:// prefix on the parameter value signals that the parameter value
is actually a reference to a file that contains the actual parameter value.
aws-cli will open the file, read the value and pass use that value as the
parameter value.
This is also useful when the parameter is really referring to file-based
data. For example, the --user-data option of the aws ec2 run-instances
command or the --public-key-material parameter of the
aws ec2 import-key-pair command.
URI-based Parameter Input
Similar to the file-based input described above, aws-cli also includes a
way to use data from a URI as the value of a parameter. The idea is exactly
the same except the prefix used is https:// or http://:
$ aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-name MySecurityGroup \
--ip-permissions http://mybucket.s3.amazonaws.com/ip_perms.json
Command Output
The default output for commands is currently JSON. You can use the
--query option to extract the output elements from this JSON document.
For more information on the expression language used for the --query
argument, you can read the
JMESPath Tutorial.
Examples
Get a list of IAM user names:
$ aws iam list-users --query Users[].UserName
Get a list of key names and their sizes in an S3 bucket:
$ aws s3api list-objects --bucket b --query Contents[].[Key,Size]
Get a list of all EC2 instances and include their Instance ID, State Name, and their Name (if they've been tagged with a Name):
$ aws ec2 describe-instances --query \ 'Reservations[].Instances[].[InstanceId,State.Name,Tags[?Key==`Name`] | [0].Value]'
You may also find the jq tool useful in processing the JSON output for other uses.
There is also an ASCII table format available. You can select this style with
the --output table option or you can make this style your default output
style via environment variable or config file entry as described above.
Try adding --output table to the above commands.
CLI Dev Version
If you are just interested in using the latest released version of the AWS CLI, please see the "Installation" section above. This section is for anyone that wants to install the development version of the CLI. You normally would not need to do this unless:
- You are developing a feature for the CLI and plan on submitting a Pull Request.
- You want to test the latest changes of the CLI before they make it into an official release.
The latest changes to the CLI are in the develop branch on github. This is
the default branch when you clone the git repository.
Additionally, there are several other packages that are developed in tandem with the CLI. This includes:
If you just want to install a snapshot of the latest development version of
the CLI, you can use the requirements.txt file included in this repo.
This file points to the development version of the above packages:
cd <path_to_awscli> pip install -r requirements.txt pip install -e .
However, to keep up to date, you will continually have to run the
pip install -r requirements.txt file to pull in the latest changes
from the develop branches of botocore, jmespath, etc.
You can optionally clone each of those repositories and run "pip install -e ." for each repository:
git clone <jmespath> && cd jmespath/ pip install -e . && cd .. git clone <botocore> && cd botocore/ pip install -e . && cd .. git clone <awscli> && cd aws-cli/ pip install -e .