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lqhl / clickhouse-backup

Tool for easy ClickHouse backup and restore with cloud storages support

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clickhouse-backup

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A tool for easy ClickHouse backup and restore with support for many cloud and non-cloud storage types. To make data backup clickhouse-backup requires access to the same files as clickhouse-server in /var/lib/clickhouse folders. So prefer running clickhouse-backup on the same host or same Kubernetes Pod or the neighbor container on the same host where clickhouse-server ran. You can backup only schema from remote hosts.

Features

  • Easy creating and restoring backups of all or specific tables
  • Efficient storing of multiple backups on the file system
  • Uploading and downloading with streaming compression
  • Works with AWS, GCS, Azure, Tencent COS, FTP, SFTP
  • Support for Atomic Database Engine
  • Support for multi disks installations
  • Support for custom remote storage types via rclone, kopia, restic, rsync etc
  • Support for incremental backups on remote storage

Limitations

  • ClickHouse above 1.1.54394 is supported
  • Only MergeTree family tables engines (more table types for clickhouse-server 22.7+ and USE_EMBEDDED_BACKUP_RESTORE=true)

Support

Altinity is the primary maintainer of clickhouse-backup. We offer a range of software and services related to ClickHouse.

  • Official website - Get a high level overview of Altinity and our offerings.
  • Altinity.Cloud - Run ClickHouse in our cloud or yours.
  • Altinity Support - Get Enterprise-class support for ClickHouse.
  • Slack - Talk directly with ClickHouse users and Altinity devs.
  • Contact us - Contact Altinity with your questions or issues.
  • Free consultation - Get a free consultation with a ClickHouse expert today.

Installation

Download the latest binary from the releases page and decompress with:

tar -zxvf clickhouse-backup.tar.gz

Use the official tiny Docker image and run it on host with clickhouse-server installed:

docker run -u $(id -u clickhouse) --rm -it --network host -v "/var/lib/clickhouse:/var/lib/clickhouse" \
   -e CLICKHOUSE_PASSWORD="password" \
   -e S3_BUCKET="clickhouse-backup" \
   -e S3_ACCESS_KEY="access_key" \
   -e S3_SECRET_KEY="secret" \
   altinity/clickhouse-backup --help

Build from the sources:

GO111MODULE=on go get github.com/Altinity/clickhouse-backup/cmd/clickhouse-backup

Common CLI Usage

CLI command - tables

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup tables - List of tables, exclude skip_tables

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup tables [-t, --tables=<db>.<table>]] [--all]

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value                 Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]
   --all, -a                                print table even when match with skip_tables pattern
   --table value, --tables value, -t value  list tables only match with table name patterns, separated by comma, allow ? and * as wildcard

CLI command - create

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup create - Create new backup

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup create [-t, --tables=<db>.<table>] [--partitions=<partition_names>] [-s, --schema] [--rbac] [--configs] [--skip-check-parts-columns] <backup_name>

DESCRIPTION:
   Create new backup

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value                 Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]
   --table value, --tables value, -t value  create backup only matched with table name patterns, separated by comma, allow ? and * as wildcard
   --partitions partition_id                create backup only for selected partition names, separated by comma
if PARTITION BY clause returns numeric not hashed values for partition_id field in system.parts table, then use --partitions=partition_id1,partition_id2 format
if PARTITION BY clause returns hashed string values, then use --partitions=('non_numeric_field_value_for_part1'),('non_numeric_field_value_for_part2') format
if PARTITION BY clause returns tuple with multiple fields, then use --partitions=(numeric_value1,'string_value1','date_or_datetime_value'),(...) format
values depends on field types in your table, use single quote for String and Date/DateTime related types
look to system.parts partition and partition_id fields for details https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/system-tables/parts/
   --schema, -s                                      Backup schemas only
   --rbac, --backup-rbac, --do-backup-rbac           Backup RBAC related objects
   --configs, --backup-configs, --do-backup-configs  Backup 'clickhouse-server' configuration files
   --skip-check-parts-columns                        skip check system.parts_columns to disallow backup inconsistent column types for data parts

CLI command - create_remote

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup create_remote - Create and upload new backup

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup create_remote [-t, --tables=<db>.<table>] [--partitions=<partition_names>] [--diff-from=<local_backup_name>] [--diff-from-remote=<local_backup_name>] [--schema] [--rbac] [--configs] [--resumable] [--skip-check-parts-columns] <backup_name>

DESCRIPTION:
   Create and upload

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value                 Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]
   --table value, --tables value, -t value  create and upload backup only matched with table name patterns, separated by comma, allow ? and * as wildcard
   --partitions partition_id                create and upload backup only for selected partition names, separated by comma
if PARTITION BY clause returns numeric not hashed values for partition_id field in system.parts table, then use --partitions=partition_id1,partition_id2 format
if PARTITION BY clause returns hashed string values, then use --partitions=('non_numeric_field_value_for_part1'),('non_numeric_field_value_for_part2') format
if PARTITION BY clause returns tuple with multiple fields, then use --partitions=(numeric_value1,'string_value1','date_or_datetime_value'),(...) format
values depends on field types in your table, use single quote for String and Date/DateTime related types
look to system.parts partition and partition_id fields for details https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/system-tables/parts/
   --diff-from value                                 local backup name which used to upload current backup as incremental
   --diff-from-remote value                          remote backup name which used to upload current backup as incremental
   --schema, -s                                      Backup and upload metadata schema only
   --rbac, --backup-rbac, --do-backup-rbac           Backup and upload RBAC related objects
   --configs, --backup-configs, --do-backup-configs  Backup and upload 'clickhouse-server' configuration files
   --resume, --resumable                             Save intermediate upload state and resume upload if backup exists on remote storage, ignore when 'remote_storage: custom' or 'use_embedded_backup_restore: true'
   --skip-check-parts-columns                        skip check system.parts_columns to disallow backup inconsistent column types for data parts

CLI command - upload

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup upload - Upload backup to remote storage

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup upload [-t, --tables=<db>.<table>] [--partitions=<partition_names>] [-s, --schema] [--diff-from=<local_backup_name>] [--diff-from-remote=<remote_backup_name>] [--resumable] <backup_name>

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value                 Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]
   --diff-from value                        local backup name which used to upload current backup as incremental
   --diff-from-remote value                 remote backup name which used to upload current backup as incremental
   --table value, --tables value, -t value  Upload data only for matched table name patterns, separated by comma, allow ? and * as wildcard
   --partitions partition_id                Upload backup only for selected partition names, separated by comma
if PARTITION BY clause returns numeric not hashed values for partition_id field in system.parts table, then use --partitions=partition_id1,partition_id2 format
if PARTITION BY clause returns hashed string values, then use --partitions=('non_numeric_field_value_for_part1'),('non_numeric_field_value_for_part2') format
if PARTITION BY clause returns tuple with multiple fields, then use --partitions=(numeric_value1,'string_value1','date_or_datetime_value'),(...) format
values depends on field types in your table, use single quote for String and Date/DateTime related types
look to system.parts partition and partition_id fields for details https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/system-tables/parts/
   --schema, -s           Upload schemas only
   --resume, --resumable  Save intermediate upload state and resume upload if backup exists on remote storage, ignored with 'remote_storage: custom' or 'use_embedded_backup_restore: true'

CLI command - list

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup list - List of backups

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup list [all|local|remote] [latest|previous]

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value  Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]

CLI command - download

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup download - Download backup from remote storage

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup download [-t, --tables=<db>.<table>] [--partitions=<partition_names>] [-s, --schema] [--resumable] <backup_name>

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value                 Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]
   --table value, --tables value, -t value  Download objects which matched with table name patterns, separated by comma, allow ? and * as wildcard
   --partitions partition_id                Download backup data only for selected partition names, separated by comma
if PARTITION BY clause returns numeric not hashed values for partition_id field in system.parts table, then use --partitions=partition_id1,partition_id2 format
if PARTITION BY clause returns hashed string values, then use --partitions=('non_numeric_field_value_for_part1'),('non_numeric_field_value_for_part2') format
if PARTITION BY clause returns tuple with multiple fields, then use --partitions=(numeric_value1,'string_value1','date_or_datetime_value'),(...) format
values depends on field types in your table, use single quote for String and Date/DateTime related types
look to system.parts partition and partition_id fields for details https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/system-tables/parts/
   --schema, -s           Download schema only
   --resume, --resumable  Save intermediate download state and resume download if backup exists on local storage, ignored with 'remote_storage: custom' or 'use_embedded_backup_restore: true'

CLI command - restore

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup restore - Create schema and restore data from backup

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup restore  [-t, --tables=<db>.<table>] [-m, --restore-database-mapping=<originDB>:<targetDB>[,<...>]] [--partitions=<partitions_names>] [-s, --schema] [-d, --data] [--rm, --drop] [-i, --ignore-dependencies] [--rbac] [--configs] <backup_name>

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value                    Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]
   --table value, --tables value, -t value     Restore only database and objects which matched with table name patterns, separated by comma, allow ? and * as wildcard
   --restore-database-mapping value, -m value  Define the rule to restore data. For the database not defined in this struct, the program will not deal with it.
   --partitions partition_id                   Restore backup only for selected partition names, separated by comma
if PARTITION BY clause returns numeric not hashed values for partition_id field in system.parts table, then use --partitions=partition_id1,partition_id2 format
if PARTITION BY clause returns hashed string values, then use --partitions=('non_numeric_field_value_for_part1'),('non_numeric_field_value_for_part2') format
if PARTITION BY clause returns tuple with multiple fields, then use --partitions=(numeric_value1,'string_value1','date_or_datetime_value'),(...) format
values depends on field types in your table, use single quote for String and Date/DateTime related types
look to system.parts partition and partition_id fields for details https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/system-tables/parts/
   --schema, -s                                        Restore schema only
   --data, -d                                          Restore data only
   --rm, --drop                                        Drop exists schema objects before restore
   -i, --ignore-dependencies                           Ignore dependencies when drop exists schema objects
   --rbac, --restore-rbac, --do-restore-rbac           Restore RBAC related objects
   --configs, --restore-configs, --do-restore-configs  Restore 'clickhouse-server' CONFIG related files

CLI command - restore_remote

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup restore_remote - Download and restore

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup restore_remote [--schema] [--data] [-t, --tables=<db>.<table>] [-m, --restore-database-mapping=<originDB>:<targetDB>[,<...>]] [--partitions=<partitions_names>] [--rm, --drop] [-i, --ignore-dependencies] [--rbac] [--configs] [--skip-rbac] [--skip-configs] [--resumable] <backup_name>

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value                    Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]
   --table value, --tables value, -t value     Download and restore objects which matched with table name patterns, separated by comma, allow ? and * as wildcard
   --restore-database-mapping value, -m value  Define the rule to restore data. For the database not defined in this struct, the program will not deal with it.
   --partitions partition_id                   Download and restore backup only for selected partition names, separated by comma
if PARTITION BY clause returns numeric not hashed values for partition_id field in system.parts table, then use --partitions=partition_id1,partition_id2 format
if PARTITION BY clause returns hashed string values, then use --partitions=('non_numeric_field_value_for_part1'),('non_numeric_field_value_for_part2') format
if PARTITION BY clause returns tuple with multiple fields, then use --partitions=(numeric_value1,'string_value1','date_or_datetime_value'),(...) format
values depends on field types in your table, use single quote for String and Date/DateTime related types
look to system.parts partition and partition_id fields for details https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/system-tables/parts/
   --schema, -s                                        Download and Restore schema only
   --data, -d                                          Download and Restore data only
   --rm, --drop                                        Drop schema objects before restore
   -i, --ignore-dependencies                           Ignore dependencies when drop exists schema objects
   --rbac, --restore-rbac, --do-restore-rbac           Download and Restore RBAC related objects
   --configs, --restore-configs, --do-restore-configs  Download and Restore 'clickhouse-server' CONFIG related files
   --resume, --resumable                               Save intermediate upload state and resume upload if backup exists on remote storage, ignored with 'remote_storage: custom' or 'use_embedded_backup_restore: true'

CLI command - delete

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup delete - Delete specific backup

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup delete <local|remote> <backup_name>

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value  Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]

CLI command - default-config

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup default-config - Print default config

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup default-config [command options] [arguments...]

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value  Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]

CLI command - print-config

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup print-config - Print current config merged with environment variables

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup print-config [command options] [arguments...]

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value  Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]

CLI command - clean

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup clean - Remove data in 'shadow' folder from all 'path' folders available from 'system.disks'

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup clean [command options] [arguments...]

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value  Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]

CLI command - clean_remote_broken

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup clean_remote_broken - Remove all broken remote backups

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup clean_remote_broken [command options] [arguments...]

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value  Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]

CLI command - watch

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup watch - Run infinite loop which create full + incremental backup sequence to allow efficient backup sequences

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup watch [--watch-interval=1h] [--full-interval=24h] [--watch-backup-name-template=shard{shard}-{type}-{time:20060102150405}] [-t, --tables=<db>.<table>] [--partitions=<partitions_names>] [--schema] [--rbac] [--configs] [--skip-check-parts-columns]

DESCRIPTION:
   Execute create_remote + delete local, create full backup every `--full-interval`, create and upload incremental backup every `--watch-interval` use previous backup as base with `--diff-from-remote` option, use `backups_to_keep_remote` config option for properly deletion remote backups, will delete old backups which not have references from other backups

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value                 Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]
   --watch-interval value                   Interval for run 'create_remote' + 'delete local' for incremental backup, look format https://pkg.go.dev/time#ParseDuration
   --full-interval value                    Interval for run 'create_remote'+'delete local' when stop create incremental backup sequence and create full backup, look format https://pkg.go.dev/time#ParseDuration
   --watch-backup-name-template value       Template for new backup name, could contain names from system.macros, {type} - full or incremental and {time:LAYOUT}, look to https://go.dev/src/time/format.go for layout examples
   --table value, --tables value, -t value  Create and upload only objects which matched with table name patterns, separated by comma, allow ? and * as wildcard
   --partitions partition_id                partition names, separated by comma
if PARTITION BY clause returns numeric not hashed values for partition_id field in system.parts table, then use --partitions=partition_id1,partition_id2 format
if PARTITION BY clause returns hashed string values, then use --partitions=('non_numeric_field_value_for_part1'),('non_numeric_field_value_for_part2') format
if PARTITION BY clause returns tuple with multiple fields, then use --partitions=(numeric_value1,'string_value1','date_or_datetime_value'),(...) format
values depends on field types in your table, use single quote for String and Date/DateTime related types
look to system.parts partition and partition_id fields for details https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/system-tables/parts/
   --schema, -s                                      Schemas only
   --rbac, --backup-rbac, --do-backup-rbac           Backup RBAC related objects only
   --configs, --backup-configs, --do-backup-configs  Backup `clickhouse-server' configuration files only
   --skip-check-parts-columns                        skip check system.parts_columns to disallow backup inconsistent column types for data parts

CLI command - server

NAME:
   clickhouse-backup server - Run API server

USAGE:
   clickhouse-backup server [command options] [arguments...]

OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value            Config 'FILE' name. (default: "/etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml") [$CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG]
   --watch                             run watch go-routine for 'create_remote' + 'delete local', after API server startup
   --watch-interval value              Interval for run 'create_remote' + 'delete local' for incremental backup, look format https://pkg.go.dev/time#ParseDuration
   --full-interval value               Interval for run 'create_remote'+'delete local' when stop create incremental backup sequence and create full backup, look format https://pkg.go.dev/time#ParseDuration
   --watch-backup-name-template value  Template for new backup name, could contain names from system.macros, {type} - full or incremental and {time:LAYOUT}, look to https://go.dev/src/time/format.go for layout examples

Default Config

By default, the config file is located at /etc/clickhouse-backup/config.yml, but it can be redefined via CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_CONFIG environment variable. All options can be overwritten via environment variables. Use clickhouse-backup print-config to print current config.

general:
  remote_storage: none           # REMOTE_STORAGE, if `none` then `upload` and  `download` command will fail
  max_file_size: 1073741824      # MAX_FILE_SIZE, 1G by default, useless when upload_by_part is true, use for split data parts files by archives
  disable_progress_bar: true     # DISABLE_PROGRESS_BAR, show progress bar during upload and download, makes sense only when `upload_concurrency` and `download_concurrency` is 1
  backups_to_keep_local: 0       # BACKUPS_TO_KEEP_LOCAL, how many latest local backup should be kept, 0 means all created backups will be stored on local disk
                                 # -1 means backup will keep after `create` but will delete after `create_remote` command
                                 # You shall run `clickhouse-backup delete local <backup_name>` command to remove temporary backup files from the local disk
  backups_to_keep_remote: 0      # BACKUPS_TO_KEEP_REMOTE, how many latest backup should be kept on remote storage, 0 means all uploaded backups will be stored on remote storage.
                                 # If old backups are required for newer incremental backup then it won't be deleted. Be careful with long incremental backup sequences.
  log_level: info                # LOG_LEVEL, a choice from `debug`, `info`, `warn`, `error`
  allow_empty_backups: false     # ALLOW_EMPTY_BACKUPS
  # concurrency means parallel tables and parallel parts inside tables
  # for example 4 means max 4 parallel tables and 4 parallel parts inside one table, so equals 16 concurrent streams
  download_concurrency: 1        # DOWNLOAD_CONCURRENCY, max 255, by default, the value is round(sqrt(AVAILABLE_CPU_CORES / 2))
  upload_concurrency: 1          # UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY, max 255, by default, the value is round(sqrt(AVAILABLE_CPU_CORES / 2))

  # RESTORE_SCHEMA_ON_CLUSTER, execute all schema related SQL queries with `ON CLUSTER` clause as Distributed DDL.
  # Check `system.clusters` table for the correct cluster name, also `system.macros` can be used.
  # This isn't applicable when `use_embedded_backup_restore: true`
  restore_schema_on_cluster: ""
  upload_by_part: true           # UPLOAD_BY_PART
  download_by_part: true         # DOWNLOAD_BY_PART
  use_resumable_state: true      # USE_RESUMABLE_STATE, allow resume upload and download according to the <backup_name>.resumable file

  # RESTORE_DATABASE_MAPPING, restore rules from backup databases to target databases, which is useful when changing destination database, all atomic tables will be created with new UUIDs.
  # The format for this env variable is "src_db1:target_db1,src_db2:target_db2". For YAML please continue using map syntax
  restore_database_mapping: {}
  retries_on_failure: 3          # RETRIES_ON_FAILURE, how many times to retry after a failure during upload or download
  retries_pause: 30s             # RETRIES_PAUSE, duration time to pause after each download or upload failure

  watch_interval: 1h       # WATCH_INTERVAL, use only for `watch` command, backup will create every 1h
  full_interval: 24h       # FULL_INTERVAL, use only for `watch` command, full backup will create every 24h
  watch_backup_name_template: "shard{shard}-{type}-{time:20060102150405}" # WATCH_BACKUP_NAME_TEMPLATE, used only for `watch` command, macros values will apply from `system.macros` for time:XXX, look format in https://go.dev/src/time/format.go

  sharded_operation_mode: none       # SHARDED_OPERATION_MODE, how different replicas will shard backing up data for tables. Options are: none (no sharding), table (table granularity), database (database granularity), first-replica (on the lexicographically sorted first active replica). If left empty, then the "none" option will be set as default.
clickhouse:
  username: default                # CLICKHOUSE_USERNAME
  password: ""                     # CLICKHOUSE_PASSWORD
  host: localhost                  # CLICKHOUSE_HOST, To make backup data `clickhouse-backup` requires access to the same file system as clickhouse-server, so `host` should localhost or address of another docker container on the same machine, or IP address bound to some network interface on the same host.
  port: 9000                       # CLICKHOUSE_PORT, don't use 8123, clickhouse-backup doesn't support HTTP protocol
  # CLICKHOUSE_DISK_MAPPING, use this mapping when your `system.disks` are different between the source and destination clusters during backup and restore process
  # The format for this env variable is "disk_name1:disk_path1,disk_name2:disk_path2". For YAML please continue using map syntax
  disk_mapping: {}
  # CLICKHOUSE_SKIP_TABLES, the list of tables (pattern are allowed) which are ignored during backup and restore process
  # The format for this env variable is "pattern1,pattern2,pattern3". For YAML please continue using list syntax
  skip_tables:
    - system.*
    - INFORMATION_SCHEMA.*
    - information_schema.*
  # CLICKHOUSE_SKIP_TABLE_ENGINES, the list of tables engines which are ignored during backup, upload, download, restore process
  # The format for this env variable is "Engine1,Engine2,engine3". For YAML please continue using list syntax
  skip_table_engines: []
  timeout: 5m                  # CLICKHOUSE_TIMEOUT
  freeze_by_part: false        # CLICKHOUSE_FREEZE_BY_PART, allow freezing by part instead of freezing the whole table
  freeze_by_part_where: ""     # CLICKHOUSE_FREEZE_BY_PART_WHERE, allow parts filtering during freezing when freeze_by_part: true
  secure: false                # CLICKHOUSE_SECURE, use TLS encryption for connection
  skip_verify: false           # CLICKHOUSE_SKIP_VERIFY, skip certificate verification and allow potential certificate warnings
  sync_replicated_tables: true # CLICKHOUSE_SYNC_REPLICATED_TABLES
  tls_key: ""                  # CLICKHOUSE_TLS_KEY, filename with TLS key file
  tls_cert: ""                 # CLICKHOUSE_TLS_CERT, filename with TLS certificate file
  tls_ca: ""                   # CLICKHOUSE_TLS_CA, filename with TLS custom authority file
  log_sql_queries: true        # CLICKHOUSE_LOG_SQL_QUERIES, enable logging `clickhouse-backup` SQL queries on `system.query_log` table inside clickhouse-server
  debug: false                 # CLICKHOUSE_DEBUG
  config_dir:      "/etc/clickhouse-server"              # CLICKHOUSE_CONFIG_DIR
  # CLICKHOUSE_RESTART_COMMAND, use this command when restoring with --rbac, --rbac-only or --configs, --configs-only options
  # will split command by ; and execute one by one, all errors will logged and ignore
  # available prefixes
  # - sql: will execute SQL query
  # - exec: will execute command via shell
  restart_command: "sql:SYSTEM SHUTDOWN"
  ignore_not_exists_error_during_freeze: true # CLICKHOUSE_IGNORE_NOT_EXISTS_ERROR_DURING_FREEZE, helps to avoid backup failures when running frequent CREATE / DROP tables and databases during backup, `clickhouse-backup` will ignore `code: 60` and `code: 81` errors during execution of `ALTER TABLE ... FREEZE`
  check_replicas_before_attach: true # CLICKHOUSE_CHECK_REPLICAS_BEFORE_ATTACH, helps avoiding concurrent ATTACH PART execution when restoring ReplicatedMergeTree tables
  use_embedded_backup_restore: false # CLICKHOUSE_USE_EMBEDDED_BACKUP_RESTORE, use BACKUP / RESTORE SQL statements instead of regular SQL queries to use features of modern ClickHouse server versions
  backup_mutations: true # CLICKHOUSE_BACKUP_MUTATIONS, allow backup mutations from system.mutations WHERE is_done AND apply it during restore
  restore_as_attach: false # CLICKHOUSE_RESTORE_AS_ATTACH, allow restore tables which have inconsistent data parts structure and mutations in progress
  check_parts_columns: true # CLICKHOUSE_CHECK_PARTS_COLUMNS, check data types from system.parts_columns during create backup to guarantee mutation is complete
azblob:
  endpoint_suffix: "core.windows.net" # AZBLOB_ENDPOINT_SUFFIX
  account_name: ""             # AZBLOB_ACCOUNT_NAME
  account_key: ""              # AZBLOB_ACCOUNT_KEY
  sas: ""                      # AZBLOB_SAS
  use_managed_identity: false  # AZBLOB_USE_MANAGED_IDENTITY
  container: ""                # AZBLOB_CONTAINER
  path: ""                     # AZBLOB_PATH, `system.macros` values could be applied as {macro_name}
  object_disk_path: ""         # AZBLOB_OBJECT_DISK_PATH, path for backup of part from `azure_blob_storage` object disk, if disk present, then shall not be zero and shall not be prefixed by `path`
  compression_level: 1         # AZBLOB_COMPRESSION_LEVEL
  compression_format: tar      # AZBLOB_COMPRESSION_FORMAT, allowed values tar, lz4, bzip2, gzip, sz, xz, brortli, zstd, `none` for upload data part folders as is
  sse_key: ""                  # AZBLOB_SSE_KEY
  buffer_size: 0               # AZBLOB_BUFFER_SIZE, if less or eq 0 then it is calculated as max_file_size / max_parts_count, between 2Mb and 4Mb
  max_parts_count: 10000       # AZBLOB_MAX_PARTS_COUNT, number of parts for AZBLOB uploads, for properly calculate buffer size
  max_buffers: 3               # AZBLOB_MAX_BUFFERS
s3:
  access_key: ""                   # S3_ACCESS_KEY
  secret_key: ""                   # S3_SECRET_KEY
  bucket: ""                       # S3_BUCKET
  endpoint: ""                     # S3_ENDPOINT
  region: us-east-1                # S3_REGION
  acl: private                     # S3_ACL
  assume_role_arn: ""              # S3_ASSUME_ROLE_ARN
  force_path_style: false          # S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE
  path: ""                         # S3_PATH, `system.macros` values could be applied as {macro_name}
  object_disk_path: ""             # S3_OBJECT_DISK_PATH, path for backup of part from `s3` object disk, if disk present, then shall not be zero and shall not be prefixed by `path`
  disable_ssl: false               # S3_DISABLE_SSL
  compression_level: 1             # S3_COMPRESSION_LEVEL
  compression_format: tar          # S3_COMPRESSION_FORMAT, allowed values tar, lz4, bzip2, gzip, sz, xz, brortli, zstd, `none` for upload data part folders as is
  # look details in https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/UsingKMSEncryption.html
  sse: ""                          # S3_SSE, empty (default), AES256, or aws:kms
  sse_kms_key_id: ""               # S3_SSE_KMS_KEY_ID, if S3_SSE is aws:kms then specifies the ID of the Amazon Web Services Key Management Service
  sse_customer_algorithm: ""       # S3_SSE_CUSTOMER_ALGORITHM, encryption algorithm, for example, AES256
  sse_customer_key: ""             # S3_SSE_CUSTOMER_KEY, customer-provided encryption key
  sse_customer_key_md5: ""         # S3_SSE_CUSTOMER_KEY_MD5, 128-bit MD5 digest of the encryption key according to RFC 1321
  sse_kms_encryption_context: ""   # S3_SSE_KMS_ENCRYPTION_CONTEXT, base64-encoded UTF-8 string holding a JSON with the encryption context
                                   # Specifies the Amazon Web Services KMS Encryption Context to use for object encryption.
                                   # This is a collection of non-secret key-value pairs that represent additional authenticated data.
                                   # When you use an encryption context to encrypt data, you must specify the same (an exact case-sensitive match)
                                   # encryption context to decrypt the data. An encryption context is supported only on operations with symmetric encryption KMS keys
  disable_cert_verification: false # S3_DISABLE_CERT_VERIFICATION
  use_custom_storage_class: false  # S3_USE_CUSTOM_STORAGE_CLASS
  storage_class: STANDARD          # S3_STORAGE_CLASS, by default allow only from list https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/blob/main/service/s3/types/enums.go#L787-L799
  concurrency: 1                   # S3_CONCURRENCY
  part_size: 0                     # S3_PART_SIZE, if less or eq 0 then it is calculated as max_file_size / max_parts_count, between 5MB and 5Gb
  max_parts_count: 10000           # S3_MAX_PARTS_COUNT, number of parts for S3 multipart uploads
  allow_multipart_download: false  # S3_ALLOW_MULTIPART_DOWNLOAD, allow faster download and upload speeds, but will require additional disk space, download_concurrency * part size in worst case

  # S3_OBJECT_LABELS, allow setup metadata for each object during upload, use {macro_name} from system.macros and {backupName} for current backup name
  # The format for this env variable is "key1:value1,key2:value2". For YAML please continue using map syntax
  object_labels: {}
  # S3_CUSTOM_STORAGE_CLASS_MAP, allow setup storage class depending on the backup name regexp pattern, format nameRegexp > className
  custom_storage_class_map: {}
  debug: false                     # S3_DEBUG
gcs:
  credentials_file: ""         # GCS_CREDENTIALS_FILE
  credentials_json: ""         # GCS_CREDENTIALS_JSON
  credentials_json_encoded: "" # GCS_CREDENTIALS_JSON_ENCODED
  bucket: ""                   # GCS_BUCKET
  path: ""                     # GCS_PATH, `system.macros` values could be applied as {macro_name}
  object_disk_path: ""         # GCS_OBJECT_DISK_PATH, path for backup of part from `s3` object disk (clickhouse support only gcs over s3 protocol), if disk present, then shall not be zero and shall not be prefixed by `path`
  compression_level: 1         # GCS_COMPRESSION_LEVEL
  compression_format: tar      # GCS_COMPRESSION_FORMAT, allowed values tar, lz4, bzip2, gzip, sz, xz, brortli, zstd, `none` for upload data part folders as is
  storage_class: STANDARD      # GCS_STORAGE_CLASS
  client_pool_size: 500        # GCS_CLIENT_POOL_SIZE, should be at least 2 times bigger than `UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY` or `DOWNLOAD_CONCURRENCY` in each upload and download case
  # GCS_OBJECT_LABELS, allow setup metadata for each object during upload, use {macro_name} from system.macros and {backupName} for current backup name
  # The format for this env variable is "key1:value1,key2:value2". For YAML please continue using map syntax
  object_labels: {}
  # GCS_CUSTOM_STORAGE_CLASS_MAP, allow setup storage class depends on backup name regexp pattern, format nameRegexp > className
  custom_storage_class_map: {}
  debug: false                 # GCS_DEBUG
cos:
  url: ""                      # COS_URL
  timeout: 2m                  # COS_TIMEOUT
  secret_id: ""                # COS_SECRET_ID
  secret_key: ""               # COS_SECRET_KEY
  path: ""                     # COS_PATH, `system.macros` values could be applied as {macro_name}
  compression_format: tar      # COS_COMPRESSION_FORMAT, allowed values tar, lz4, bzip2, gzip, sz, xz, brortli, zstd, `none` for upload data part folders as is
  compression_level: 1         # COS_COMPRESSION_LEVEL
ftp:
  address: ""                  # FTP_ADDRESS in format `host:port`
  timeout: 2m                  # FTP_TIMEOUT
  username: ""                 # FTP_USERNAME
  password: ""                 # FTP_PASSWORD
  tls: false                   # FTP_TLS
  path: ""                     # FTP_PATH, `system.macros` values could be applied as {macro_name}
  compression_format: tar      # FTP_COMPRESSION_FORMAT, allowed values tar, lz4, bzip2, gzip, sz, xz, brortli, zstd, `none` for upload data part folders as is
  compression_level: 1         # FTP_COMPRESSION_LEVEL
  debug: false                 # FTP_DEBUG
sftp:
  address: ""                  # SFTP_ADDRESS
  username: ""                 # SFTP_USERNAME
  password: ""                 # SFTP_PASSWORD
  port: 22                     # SFTP_PORT
  key: ""                      # SFTP_KEY
  path: ""                     # SFTP_PATH, `system.macros` values could be applied as {macro_name}
  concurrency: 1               # SFTP_CONCURRENCY
  compression_format: tar      # SFTP_COMPRESSION_FORMAT, allowed values tar, lz4, bzip2, gzip, sz, xz, brortli, zstd, `none` for upload data part folders as is
  compression_level: 1         # SFTP_COMPRESSION_LEVEL
  debug: false                 # SFTP_DEBUG
custom:
  upload_command: ""           # CUSTOM_UPLOAD_COMMAND
  download_command: ""         # CUSTOM_DOWNLOAD_COMMAND
  delete_command: ""           # CUSTOM_DELETE_COMMAND
  list_command: ""             # CUSTOM_LIST_COMMAND
  command_timeout: "4h"          # CUSTOM_COMMAND_TIMEOUT
api:
  listen: "localhost:7171"     # API_LISTEN
  enable_metrics: true         # API_ENABLE_METRICS
  enable_pprof: false          # API_ENABLE_PPROF
  username: ""                 # API_USERNAME, basic authorization for API endpoint
  password: ""                 # API_PASSWORD
  secure: false                # API_SECURE, use TLS for listen API socket
  ca_cert_file: ""             # API_CA_CERT_FILE
                               # openssl genrsa -out /etc/clickhouse-backup/ca-key.pem 4096
                               # openssl req -subj "/O=altinity" -x509 -new -nodes -key /etc/clickhouse-backup/ca-key.pem -sha256 -days 365 -out /etc/clickhouse-backup/ca-cert.pem
  private_key_file: ""         # API_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE, openssl genrsa -out /etc/clickhouse-backup/server-key.pem 4096
  certificate_file: ""         # API_CERTIFICATE_FILE,
                               # openssl req -subj "/CN=localhost" -addext "subjectAltName = DNS:localhost,DNS:*.cluster.local" -new -key /etc/clickhouse-backup/server-key.pem -out /etc/clickhouse-backup/server-req.csr
                               # openssl x509 -req -days 365000 -extensions SAN -extfile <(printf "\n[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:localhost,DNS:*.cluster.local") -in /etc/clickhouse-backup/server-req.csr -out /etc/clickhouse-backup/server-cert.pem -CA /etc/clickhouse-backup/ca-cert.pem -CAkey /etc/clickhouse-backup/ca-key.pem -CAcreateserial
  integration_tables_host: ""  # API_INTEGRATION_TABLES_HOST, allow using DNS name to connect in `system.backup_list` and `system.backup_actions`
  allow_parallel: false        # API_ALLOW_PARALLEL, enable parallel operations, this allows for significant memory allocation and spawns go-routines, don't enable it if you are not sure
  create_integration_tables: false # API_CREATE_INTEGRATION_TABLES, create `system.backup_list` and `system.backup_actions`
  complete_resumable_after_restart: true # API_COMPLETE_RESUMABLE_AFTER_RESTART, after API server startup, if `/var/lib/clickhouse/backup/*/(upload|download).state` present, then operation will continue in the background

Concurrency, CPU and Memory usage recommendation

upload_concurrency and download concurrency define how much parallel download / upload go-routines will start independently of the remote storage type. In 1.3.0+ it means how many parallel data parts will be uploaded, assuming upload_by_part and download_by_part are true (which is default value).

concurrency in s3 section means how much concurrent upload streams will run during multipart upload in each upload go-routine High value for S3_CONCURRENCY and high value for S3_PART_SIZE will allocate a lot of memory for buffers inside AWS golang SDK.

concurrency in sftp section means how many concurrent request will be used for upload and download for each file.

compression_format, a good default is tar for using less CPU. In most cases the data in clickhouse is already compressed, so you may not get a lot of space savings when double compress.

remote_storage: custom

All custom commands could use go-template language, for example, you can use {{ .cfg.* }} {{ .backupName }} {{ .diffFromRemote }}. Custom list_command shall return JSON which is compatible with metadata.Backup type with JSONEachRow format. For examples, see restic, rsync and kopia. Feel free to add yours too.

ATTENTION!

Never change files permissions in /var/lib/clickhouse/backup. This path contains hard links. Permissions on all hard links to the same data on disk are always identical. That means that if you change the permissions/owner/attributes on a hard link in backup path, permissions on files with which ClickHouse works will be changed too. That might lead to data corruption.

API

Use the clickhouse-backup server command to run as a REST API server. In general, the API attempts to mirror the CLI commands.

GET /

List all current applicable HTTP routes

POST / POST /restart

Restart HTTP server, close all current connections, close listen socket, open listen socket again, all background go-routines breaks with contexts

GET /backup/kill

Kill selected command from GET /backup/actions command list, kill process should be near immediate, but some go-routines (upload one data part) could continue to run.

  • Optional query argument command may contain the command name to kill, or if it is omitted then kill the last "in progress" command.

GET /backup/tables

Print list of tables: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/tables | jq ., exclude pattern matched tables from skip_tables configuration parameters

  • Optional query argument table works the same as the --table value CLI argument.

GET /backup/tables/all

Print list of tables: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/tables/all | jq ., ignore skip_tables configuration parameters.

  • Optional query argument table works the same as the --table value CLI argument.

POST /backup/create

Create new backup: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/create -X POST | jq .

  • Optional query argument table works the same as the --table value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument partitions works the same as the --partitions value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument name works the same as specifying a backup name with the CLI.
  • Optional query argument schema works the same as the --schema CLI argument (backup schema only).
  • Optional query argument rbac works the same as the --rbac CLI argument (backup RBAC).
  • Optional query argument configs works the same as the --configs CLI argument (backup configs).
  • Optional query argument callback allow pass callback URL which will call with POST with application/json with payload {"status":"error|success","error":"not empty when error happens"}.
  • Additional example: curl -s 'localhost:7171/backup/create?table=default.billing&name=billing_test' -X POST

Note: this operation is async, so the API will return once the operation has started.

POST /backup/watch

Run background watch process and create full+incremental backups sequence: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/watch -X POST | jq . You can't run watch twice with the same parameters even when allow_parallel: true

  • Optional query argument watch_interval works the same as the --watch-interval value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument full_interval works the same as the --full-interval value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument watch_backup_name_template works the same as the --watch-backup-name-template value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument table works the same as the --table value CLI argument (backup only selected tables).
  • Optional query argument partitions works the same as the --partitions value CLI argument (backup only selected partitions).
  • Optional query argument schema works the same as the --schema CLI argument (backup schema only).
  • Optional query argument rbac works the same as the --rbac CLI argument (backup RBAC).
  • Optional query argument configs works the same as the --configs CLI argument (backup configs).
  • Additional example: curl -s 'localhost:7171/backup/watch?table=default.billing&watch_interval=1h&full_interval=24h' -X POST

Note: this operation is async and can stop only with kill -s SIGHUP $(pgrep -f clickhouse-backup) or call /restart, /backup/kill. The API will return immediately once the operation has started.

POST /backup/clean

Clean the shadow folders using all available paths from system.disks

POST /backup/clean/remote_broken

Remove Note: this operation is sync, and could take a lot of time, increase http timeouts during call

POST /backup/upload

Upload backup to remote storage: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/upload/<BACKUP_NAME> -X POST | jq .

  • Optional query argument diff-from works the same as the --diff-from CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument diff-from-remote works the same as the --diff-from-remote CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument table works the same as the --table value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument partitions works the same as the --partitions value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument schema works the same as the --schema CLI argument (upload schema only).
  • Optional query argument resumable works the same as the --resumable CLI argument (save intermediate upload state and resume upload if data already exists on remote storage).
  • Optional query argument callback allow pass callback URL which will call with POST with application/json with payload {"status":"error|success","error":"not empty when error happens"}.

Note: this operation is async, so the API will return once the operation has started.

GET /backup/list/{where}

Print list of backups: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/list | jq . Print list only local backups: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/list/local | jq . Print list only remote backups: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/list/remote | jq .

Note: The Size field will not be set for the local backups that have just been created or are in progress. Note: The Size field will not be set for the remote backups with upload status in progress.

POST /backup/download

Download backup from remote storage: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/download/<BACKUP_NAME> -X POST | jq .

  • Optional query argument table works the same as the --table value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument partitions works the same as the --partitions value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument schema works the same as the --schema CLI argument (download schema only).
  • Optional query argument resumable works the same as the --resumable CLI argument (save intermediate download state and resume download if it already exists on local storage).
  • Optional query argument callback allow pass callback URL which will call with POST with application/json with payload {"status":"error|success","error":"not empty when error happens"}.

Note: this operation is async, so the API will return once the operation has started.

POST /backup/restore

Create schema and restore data from backup: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/restore/<BACKUP_NAME> -X POST | jq .

  • Optional query argument table works the same as the --table value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument partitions works the same as the --partitions value CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument schema works the same as the --schema CLI argument (restore schema only).
  • Optional query argument data works the same as the --data CLI argument (restore data only).
  • Optional query argument rm works the same as the --rm CLI argument (drop tables before restore).
  • Optional query argument ignore_dependencies works the as same the --ignore-dependencies CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument rbac works the same as the --rbac CLI argument (restore RBAC).
  • Optional query argument configs works the same as the --configs CLI argument (restore configs).
  • Optional query argument restore_database_mapping works the same as the --restore-database-mapping CLI argument.
  • Optional query argument callback allow pass callback URL which will call with POST with application/json with payload {"status":"error|success","error":"not empty when error happens"}.

POST /backup/delete

Delete specific remote backup: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/delete/remote/<BACKUP_NAME> -X POST | jq .

Delete specific local backup: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/delete/local/<BACKUP_NAME> -X POST | jq .

GET /backup/status

Display list of currently running async operation: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/status | jq .

POST /backup/actions

Execute multiple backup actions: curl -X POST -d '{"command":"create test_backup"}' -s localhost:7171/backup/actions

GET /backup/actions

Display a list of all operations from start of API server: curl -s localhost:7171/backup/actions | jq .

  • Optional query argument filter to filter actions on server side.
  • Optional query argument last to show only the last N actions.

Storage types

S3

In order to make backups to S3, the following permissions shall be set:

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "clickhouse-backup-s3-access-to-files",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:GetObject"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME/*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "clickhouse-backup-s3-access-to-bucket",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "s3:ListBucket",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME"
        }
    ]
}

Examples

Simple cron script for daily backups and remote upload

#!/bin/bash
BACKUP_NAME=my_backup_$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H-%M-%S)
clickhouse-backup create $BACKUP_NAME >> /var/log/clickhouse-backup.log 2>&1
exit_code=$?
if [[ $exit_code != 0 ]]; then
  echo "clickhouse-backup create $BACKUP_NAME FAILED and return $exit_code exit code"
  exit $exit_code
fi

clickhouse-backup upload $BACKUP_NAME >> /var/log/clickhouse-backup.log 2>&1
exit_code=$?
if [[ $exit_code != 0 ]]; then
  echo "clickhouse-backup upload $BACKUP_NAME FAILED and return $exit_code exit code"
  exit $exit_code
fi

More use cases of clickhouse-backup

Original Author

Altinity wants to thank @AlexAkulov for creating this tool and for his valuable contributions.

About

Tool for easy ClickHouse backup and restore with cloud storages support

License:Other

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