limaa / defender

Roles & Permissions for Laravel 5

Defender

---

Readme em Português.

Defender is a Access Control List (ACL) Solution for Laravel 5. With security and usability in mind, this project aims to provide you a safe way to control your application access without losing the fun of coding.

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Installation

1. Dependency

Using composer, execute the following command to automatically update your composer.json:

composer require artesaos/defender

or manually update your composer.json file

{
    "require": {
        "artesaos/defender": "~0.3"
    }
}

2. Provider

You need to update your application configuration in order to register the package, so it can be loaded by Laravel. Just update your config/app.php file adding the following code at the end of your 'providers' section:

// file START ommited
    'providers' => [
        // other providers ommited
        \Artesaos\Defender\Providers\DefenderServiceProvider::class,
    ],
// file END ommited

2.1 Publishing configuration file and migrations

To publish the default configuration file and database migrations, execute the following command:

php artisan vendor:publish

You can also publish only the configuration file or the migrations:

php artisan vendor:publish --tag=config

Or

php artisan vendor:publish --tag=migrations

If you already published defender files, but for some reason you want to override previous published files, add the --force flag.

3. Facade (optional)

In order to use the Defender facade, you need to register it on the config/app.php file, you can do that the following way:

// config.php file
// file START ommited
    'aliases' => [
        // other Facades ommited
        'Defender' => \Artesaos\Defender\Facades\Defender::class,
    ],
// file END ommited

4. Defender Middlewares (optional)

If you have to control the access Defender provides middlewares to protect your routes. If you have to control the access through the Laravel routes, Defender has some built-in middlewares for the trivial tasks. To use them, just put it in your app/Http/Kernel.php file.

protected $routeMiddleware = [
    'auth'            => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
    'auth.basic'      => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
    'guest'           => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,

    // Access control using permissions
    'needsPermission' => \Artesaos\Defender\Middlewares\NeedsPermissionMiddleware::class,

    // Simpler access control, uses only the groups
    'needsRole' => \Artesaos\Defender\Middlewares\NeedsRoleMiddleware::class
];

You'll see how to use the middlewares below.

4.1 - Create your own middleware

If the built-in middlewares doesn't fit your needs, you can make your own by using Defender's API to control the access.

Usage

Defender handles only access control. The authentication is still made by Laravel's Auth.

Put a shield on my saber I must

On your User class, you need to add the trait Artesaos\Defender\Traits\HasDefender to enable the permission creation and roles creation for the users:

<?php namespace App;

use Artesaos\Defender\Traits\HasDefender;
use Illuminate\Auth\Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\CanResetPassword;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable as AuthenticatableContract;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\CanResetPassword as CanResetPasswordContract;

class User extends Model implements AuthenticatableContract, CanResetPasswordContract {

    use Authenticatable, CanResetPassword, HasDefender;
...

Creating roles and permissions

To create roles and permissions for your application, just use the Defender's API. You can create a Laravel Seeder or use php artisan tinker.

use App\User;

$roleAdmin = Defender::createRole('admin');

// The first parameter is the permission name
// The second is the "friendly" version of the name. (usually for you to show it in your application).
$permission =  Defender::createPermission('user.create', 'Create Users');

// You can assign permission directly to a user.
$user = User::find(1);
$user->attachPermission($permission);

// or you can add the user to a group and that group has the power to rule create users.
$grupoAdmin->attachPermission($permissaoCriarUsuario);

// Now this user is in the Administrators group.
$user->attachRole($roleAdmin);

Using the middleware

To protect your routes, you can use the built-in middlewares.

Defender requires Laravel's Auth, so, use the auth middleware before the Defender's middleware that you intend to use.

Checking Permissions: needsPermissionMiddleware

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsPermission'], 'can' => 'user.create', function()
{
    return 'Yes I can!';
}]);

If you're using Laravel 5.1 it's possible to use Middleware Parameters.

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsPermission:user.index'], function() {
    return 'Yes I can!';
}]);

With this syntax it's also possible to use the middlewaren within your controllers.

$this->middeware('needsPermission:user.index');

You can pass an array of permissions to check on.

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsPermission'], 'can' => ['user.index', 'user.create'], function()
{
    return 'Yes I can!';
}]);

When using middleware parameters, use a | to separate multiple permissions.

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsPermission:user.index|user.create'], function() {
    return 'Yes I can!';
}]);

Or within controllers:

$this->middleware('needsPermission:user.index|user.create');

When you pass an array of permissions, the route will be fired only if the user has all the permissions. However, if you want to allow the access to the route when the user has at least one of the permissions, just add 'any' => true.

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsPermission'], 'can' => ['user.index', 'user.create'], 'any' => true, function()
{
    return 'Yes I can!';
}]);

Or, with middleware parameters, pass it as the 2nd parameter

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsPermission:user.index|user.create,true'], function() {
    return 'Yes I can!';
}]);

Or within controllers:

$this->middleware('needsPermission:user.index|user.create,true');

---

Checking Roles: needsRoleMiddleware

This is similar to the previous middleware, but only the roles are checked, it means that it doesn't check the permissions.

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsRole'], 'is' => 'admin', function()
{
    return 'Yes I am!';
}]);

If you're using Laravel 5.1 it's possible to use Middleware Parameters.

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsRole:admin'], function() {
    return 'Yes I am!';
}]);

With this syntax it's also possible to use the middlewaren within your controllers.

$this->middeware('needsRole:admin');

You can pass an array of permissions to check on.

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsRole'], 'can' => ['admin', 'member'], function()
{
    return 'Yes I am!';
}]);

When using middleware parameters, use a | to separate multiple roles.

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsRole:admin|editor'], function() {
    return 'Yes I am!';
}]);

Or within controllers:

$this->middleware('needsRole:admin|editor');

When you pass an array of permissions, the route will be fired only if the user has all the permissions. However, if you want to allow the access to the route when the user has at least one of the permissions, just add 'any' => true.

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsRole'], 'is' => ['admin', 'member'], 'any' => true, function()
{
    return 'Yes I am!';
}]);

Or, with middleware parameters, pass it as the 2nd parameter

Route::get('foo', ['middleware' => ['auth', 'needsRole:admin|editor,true'], function() {
    return 'Yes I am!';
}]);

Or within controllers:

$this->middleware('needsRole:admin|editor,true');

---

Using in Views

Laravel's Blade extension for using Defender.

@can

@can('user.index')
    shows your protected stuff
@endcan

@can('user.index')
    shows your protected stuff
@else
    shows the data for those who doesn't have the user.index permission
@endcan

@is

@is('admin')
    Shows data for the logged user and that belongs to the admin role
@endis

@is('admin')
    Shows data for the logged user and that belongs to the admin role
@else
    shows the data for those who doesn't have the admin permission
@endis

@is(['role1', 'role2'])
    Shows data for the logged user and that belongs to the admin role
@else
    shows the data for those who doesn't have the admin permission
@endis

Using javascript helper

The stand provides helper for when you need to interact with the user permissions on the front-end.

echo Defender::javascript()->render();
// or
echo app('defender')->javascript()->render();
// or
echo app('defender.javascript')->render();

This helper injects a javascript code with all permissions and roles of the current user.

---

Using the Facade

With the Defender's Facade you can access the API and use it at any part of your application.

---

Defender::can($permission):

Check if the logged user has the $permission.

---

Defender::canWithRolePermissions($permission):

Check if the logged user has the $permission checking only the role permissions.

---

Defender::hasRole($roleName):

Check if the logged user belongs to the role $roleName.

---

Defender::roleExists($roleName):

Check if the role $roleName exists in the database.

---

Defender::permissionExists($permissionName):

Check if the permission $permissionName exists in the database.

---

Defender::findRole($roleName):

Find the role in the database by the name $roleName.

---

Defender::findRoleById($roleId):

Find the role in the database by the role ID roleId.

---

Defender::findPermission($permissionName):

Find the permission in the database by the name $permissionName.

---

Defender::findPermissionById($permissionId):

Find the permission in the database by the ID $permissionId.

---

Defender::createRole($roleName):

Create a new role in the database.

---

Defender::createPermission($permissionName):

Create a new permission in the database.

Defender::is($roleName):

Check whether the current user belongs to the role.

Defender::javascript()->render():

Returns a javascript script with a list of all roles and permissions of the current user. The variable name can be modified.

---

Using the trait

To add the Defender's features, you need to add the trait HasDefender in you User model (usually App\User).

<?php namespace App;

// Declaration of other omitted namespaces
use Artesaos\Defender\Traits\HasDefender;

class User extends Model implements AuthenticatableContract, CanResetPasswordContract {

    use Authenticatable, CanResetPassword, HasDefender;

    // Rest of the class
}

This trait, beyond configuring the relationships, will add the following methods to your object App\User:

#####public function can($permission):

This method checks if the logged user has the permission $permission

In Defender, there are 2 kind of permissions: User permissions and Role permissions. By default, the permissions that the user inherits, are permissions of the roles that it belongs to. However, always that a user pemission is set, it will take precedence of role permission.

public function foo(Authenticable $user)
{
    if ($user->can('user.create'));
}

---

public function canWithRolePermissions($permission):

This method works the same way the previous one, the only diference is that the user permissions are not considered, however, only the role's permissions that the user belongs are used to check the access.

public function foo(Authenticable $user)
{
    if ($user->canWithRolePermissions('user.create');
}

---

public function attachRole($role):

Attach the user to the role $role. The $role variable might be an object of the type Artesaos\Defender\Role or an array containing the ids of the roles.

public function foo(Authenticable $user)
{
    $role = Defender::findRole('admin'); // Returns an Artesao\Defender\Role
    $user->attachRole($role);

    // or

    $roles = [1, 2, 3]; // Using an array of ids
    $user->attachRole($roles);
}

---

public function detachRole($role):

Deatach the role $role from the user (inverse to attachRole()).

public function foo(Authenticable $user)
{
    $role = Defender::findRole('admin'); // Returns an Artesao\Defender\Role
    $user->detachRole($role);

    // ou

    $roles = [1, 2, 3]; // Using an array of ids
    $user->detachRole($roles);
}

---

public function syncRoles(array $roles = array()):

This is like the attachRole() method, but only the roles in the array $roles will be on the relationship after the method runs. $roles it's an array of ids for the needed roles.

public function foo(Authenticable $user)
{
    $roles = [1, 2, 3]; // Using an array of ids

    $user->syncRoles($roles);
}

---

public function attachPermission($permission, array $options = array()):

Attach the user to the permission $permission. The $permission variable is an instance of the Artesaos\Defender\Permission class.

public function foo(Authenticable $user)
{
    $permission = Defender::findPermission('user.create');

    $user->attachPermission($permission, [
        'value' => true // true = has the permission, false = doesn't have the permission,
    ]);
}

---

public function detachPermission($permission):

Remove the permission $permission from the user. The $permission variable might be an instance of the Artesaos\Defender\Permission class or an array of ids with the ids of the permissions to be removed.

public function foo(Authenticable $user)
{
    $permission = Defender::findPermission('user.create');
    $user->detachPermission($permission);

    // or

    $permissions = [1, 3];
    $user->detachPermission($permissions);
}

---

public function syncPermissions(array $permissions):

This is like the method syncRoles. but only the roles in the array $permissions be on the relationship after the method runs.

public function foo(Authenticable $user)
{
    $permissions = [
        1 => ['value' => false],
        2 => ['value' => true,
        3 => ['value' => true]
    ];

    $user->syncPermissions($permissions);
}

---

public function revokePermissions():

Remove all the user permissions.

public function foo(Authenticable $user)
{
    $user->revokePermissions();
}

---

public function revokeExpiredPermissions():

Remove all the temporary expired pemissions from the user. More about temporary permissions below.

public function foo(Authenticable $user)
{
    $user->revokeExpiredPermissions();
}

---

Temporary permissions

One of the coolest Defender's features it's to add temporary permissions to a group or an user.

For example

The user John belongs to the role 'admins', however I want to temporaly remove the John's permission to create new users

In this case we need to attach an permission with the value equal to false, explicitly prohibiting the user to perform that action. You must add this permission, with the false value, since by default, the user permissions are inherited of the permissions of their roles. When you assign a user permission, this will always take precedence.

For instance. Below we revoke the permission user.create for the user during 7 days.

public function foo()
{
    $userX = App\User::find(3);
    $permission = Defender::findPermission('user.create');


    $userX->attachPermission($permission, [
        'value' => false, // false means that he will not have the permission,
        'expires' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->addDays(7) // Daqui a quanto tempo essa permissão irá expirar
    ]);

}

After 7 days, the user will take the permission again.

---

Allow that a user can perform some action by a period of time.

To allow that a user have temporary access to perform a given action, just set the expires key. The value key will be true by default.

public function foo()
{
    $user = App\User::find(1);
    $permission = Defender::findPermission('user.create');

    $user->attachPermission($permission, [
        'expires' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->addDays(7)
    ];
}

It's also possible to extend an existing temporary: Just use the $user->extendPermission($permissionName, array $options) method.