premailer

Looking for sponsors

This project is actively looking for corporate sponsorship. If you want to help making this an active project consider pinging Peter and we can talk about putting up logos and links to your company.

Python versions

Our tox.ini makes sure premailer works in:

Python 2.7
Python 3.4
Python 3.5
Python 3.6
PyPy

Turns CSS blocks into style attributes

When you send HTML emails you can't use style tags but instead you have to put inline style attributes on every element. So from this:

<html>
<style type="text/css">
h1 { border:1px solid black }
p { color:red;}
</style>
<h1 style="font-weight:bolder">Peter</h1>
<p>Hej</p>
</html>

You want this:

<html>
<h1 style="font-weight:bolder; border:1px solid black">Peter</h1>
<p style="color:red">Hej</p>
</html>

premailer does this. It parses an HTML page, looks up style blocks and parses the CSS. It then uses the lxml.html parser to modify the DOM tree of the page accordingly.

Getting started

If you haven't already done so, install premailer first:

$ pip install premailer

Next, the most basic use is to use the shortcut function, like this:

>>> from premailer import transform
>>> print(transform("""
...         <html>
...         <style type="text/css">
...         h1 { border:1px solid black }
...         p { color:red;}
...         p::first-letter { float:left; }
...         </style>
...         <style type="text/css" data-premailer="ignore">
...         h1 { color:blue; }
...         </style>
...         <h1 style="font-weight:bolder">Peter</h1>
...         <p>Hej</p>
...         </html>
... """))
<html>
<head>
    <style type="text/css">p::first-letter {float:left}</style>
    <style type="text/css">
    h1 { color:blue; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1 style="border:1px solid black; font-weight:bolder">Peter</h1>
    <p style="color:red">Hej</p>
</body>
</html>

The transform shortcut function transforms the given HTML using the defaults for all options:

base_url=None, # Optional URL prepended to all relative links (both stylesheets and internal)
disable_link_rewrites=False, # Allow link rewrites (e.g. using base_url)
preserve_internal_links=False, # Do not preserve links to named anchors when using base_url
preserve_inline_attachments=True, # Preserve links with cid: scheme when base_url is specified
exclude_pseudoclasses=True, # Ignore pseudoclasses when processing styles
keep_style_tags=False, # Discard original style tag
include_star_selectors=False, # Ignore star selectors when processing styles
remove_classes=False, # Leave class attributes on HTML elements
capitalize_float_margin=False, # Do not capitalize float and margin properties
strip_important=True, # Remove !important from property values
external_styles=None, # Optional list of URLs to load and parse
css_text=None, # Optional CSS text to parse
method="html", # Parse input as HTML (as opposed to "xml")
base_path=None, # Optional base path to stylesheet in your file system
disable_basic_attributes=None, # Optional list of attribute names to preserve on HTML elements
disable_validation=False, # Validate CSS when parsing it with cssutils
cache_css_parsing=True, # Do cache parsed output for CSS
cssutils_logging_handler=None, # See "Capturing logging from cssutils" below
cssutils_logging_level=None,
disable_leftover_css=False, # Output CSS that was not inlined into the HEAD
align_floating_images=True, # Add align attribute for floated images
remove_unset_properties=True # Remove CSS properties if their value is unset when merged

For more advanced options, check out the code of the Premailer class and all its options in its constructor.

You can also use premailer from the command line by using his main module.

$ python -m premailer -h
usage: python -m premailer [options]

optional arguments:
-h, --help            show this help message and exit
-f [INFILE], --file [INFILE]
                      Specifies the input file. The default is stdin.
-o [OUTFILE], --output [OUTFILE]
                      Specifies the output file. The default is stdout.
--base-url BASE_URL
--remove-internal-links PRESERVE_INTERNAL_LINKS
                      Remove links that start with a '#' like anchors.
--exclude-pseudoclasses
                      Pseudo classes like p:last-child', p:first-child, etc
--preserve-style-tags
                      Do not delete <style></style> tags from the html
                      document.
--remove-star-selectors
                      All wildcard selectors like '* {color: black}' will be
                      removed.
--remove-classes      Remove all class attributes from all elements
--strip-important     Remove '!important' for all css declarations.
--method METHOD       The type of html to output. 'html' for HTML, 'xml' for
                      XHTML.
--base-path BASE_PATH
                      The base path for all external stylsheets.
--external-style EXTERNAL_STYLES
                      The path to an external stylesheet to be loaded.
--disable-basic-attributes DISABLE_BASIC_ATTRIBUTES
                      Disable provided basic attributes (comma separated)
--disable-validation  Disable CSSParser validation of attributes and values
--pretty              Pretty-print the outputted HTML.

A basic example:

$ python -m premailer --base-url=http://google.com/ -f newsletter.html
<html>
<head><style>.heading { color:red; }</style></head>
<body><h1 class="heading" style="color:red"><a href="http://google.com/">Title</a></h1></body>
</html>

The command line interface supports standard input.

$ echo '<style>.heading { color:red; }</style><h1 class="heading"><a href="/">Title</a></h1>' | python -m premailer --base-url=http://google.com/
<html>
<head><style>.heading { color:red; }</style></head>
<body><h1 class="heading" style="color:red"><a href="http://google.com/">Title</a></h1></body>
</html>

Turning relative URLs into absolute URLs

Another thing premailer can do for you is to turn relative URLs (e.g. "/some/page.html" into "http://www.peterbe.com/some/page.html"). It does this to all href and src attributes that don't have a :// part in it. For example, turning this:

<html>
<body>
<a href="/">Home</a>
<a href="page.html">Page</a>
<a href="http://crosstips.org">External</a>
<img src="/folder/">Folder</a>
</body>
</html>

Into this:

<html>
<body>
<a href="http://www.peterbe.com/">Home</a>
<a href="http://www.peterbe.com/page.html">Page</a>
<a href="http://crosstips.org">External</a>
<img src="http://www.peterbe.com/folder/">Folder</a>
</body>
</html>

by using transform('...', base_url='http://www.peterbe.com/').

Ignore certain `<style>` or `<link>` tags

Suppose you have a style tag that you don't want to have processed and transformed you can simply set a data attribute on the tag like:

<head>
<style>/* this gets processed */</style>
<style data-premailer="ignore">/* this gets ignored */</style>
</head>

That tag gets completely ignored except when the HTML is processed, the attribute data-premailer is removed.

It works equally for a <link> tag like:

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="foo.css" data-premailer="ignore">
</head>

HTML attributes created additionally

Certain HTML attributes are also created on the HTML if the CSS contains any ones that are easily translated into HTML attributes. For example, if you have this CSS: td { background-color:#eee; } then this is transformed into style="background-color:#eee" AND as an HTML attribute bgcolor="#eee".

Having these extra attributes basically as a "back up" for really shit email clients that can't even take the style attributes. A lot of professional HTML newsletters such as Amazon's use this. You can disable some attributes in disable_basic_attributes.

Capturing logging from `cssutils`

cssutils is the library that premailer uses to parse CSS. It will use the python logging module to mention all issues it has with parsing your CSS. If you want to capture this, you have to pass in cssutils_logging_handler and cssutils_logging_level (optional). For example like this:

>>> import logging
>>> import premailer
>>> from io import StringIO
>>> mylog = StringIO()
>>> myhandler = logging.StreamHandler(mylog)
>>> p = premailer.Premailer("""
...         <html>
...         <style type="text/css">
...         @keyframes foo { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }
...         </style>
...         <p>Hej</p>
...         </html>
... """,
... cssutils_logging_handler=myhandler,
... cssutils_logging_level=logging.INFO)
>>> result = p.transform()
>>> mylog.getvalue()
'CSSStylesheet: Unknown @rule found. [2:1: @keyframes]\n'

Running tests with tox

To run tox you don't need to have all available Python versions installed because it will only work on those you have. To use tox first install it:

pip install tox

Then simply start it with:

tox

Donations aka. the tip jar

If you enjoy, benefit and want premailer to continue to be an actively maintained project please consider supporting me on Gratipay.

kaerdsar / premailer

premailer

Looking for sponsors

Python versions

Turns CSS blocks into style attributes

Getting started

Turning relative URLs into absolute URLs

Ignore certain `<style>` or `<link>` tags

HTML attributes created additionally

Capturing logging from `cssutils`

Running tests with tox

Donations aka. the tip jar

About

Languages

premailer

Looking for sponsors

Python versions

Turns CSS blocks into style attributes

Getting started

Turning relative URLs into absolute URLs

Ignore certain <style> or <link> tags

HTML attributes created additionally

Capturing logging from cssutils

Running tests with tox

Donations aka. the tip jar

About

Languages

Ignore certain `<style>` or `<link>` tags

Capturing logging from `cssutils`