Twilio Video React App
What is it
This application demonstrates a multi-party video application built with twilio-video.js and Create React App.
- Deploy to Twilio Serverless in just a few minutes
- No other infrastructure is required
- No code changes are required before your first deploy
- There is no cost associated with deploying the app
- When using the app, you will be charged $0.01 / video participant minute.
Pre-requisites
You must have the following installed:
- Node.js v10+
- NPM v6+ (comes installed with newer Node versions)
Install Dependencies
Run npm install
to install all dependencies from NPM.
If you want to use yarn
to install dependencies, first run the yarn import command. This will ensure that yarn installs the package versions that are specified in package-lock.json
.
Install Twilio CLI
The app is deployed to Twilio using the Twilio CLI. Install twilio-cli with:
$ npm install -g twilio-cli
Login to the Twilio CLI. You will be prompted for your Account SID and Auth Token, both of which you can find on the dashboard of your Twilio console.
$ twilio login
This app requires an additional plugin. Install the CLI plugin with:
$ twilio plugins:install @twilio-labs/plugin-rtc
Deploy the app to Twilio
The app is deployed to Twilio with a single command:
$ npm run deploy:twilio-cli
This performs the following steps:
- Builds the React app in the
src
directory - Generates a random code used to access the Video app
- Deploys the React app and token server function as a Twilio Serverless service.
- Prints the URL for the app and the passcode.
The passcode will expire after one week. To generate a new passcode, redeploy the app:
$ npm run deploy:twilio-cli -- --override
View app details
View the URL and passcode for the Video app with
$ twilio rtc:apps:video:view
Delete the app
Delete the app with
$ twilio rtc:apps:video:delete
This removes the Serverless app from Twilio. This will ensure that no further cost are incurred by the app.
Troubleshooting The Twilio CLI
If any errors occur after running a Twilio CLI RTC Plugin command, then try the following steps.
- Run
twilio plugins:update
to update the rtc plugin to the latest version. - Run
twilio rtc:apps:video:delete
to delete any existing video apps. - Run
npm run deploy:twilio-cli
to deploy a new video app.
Features
The Video app has the following features:
- Video conferencing with real-time video and audio
- Enable/disable camera
- Mute/unmute mic
- Screen sharing
- Dominant speaker indicator
- Network quality indicator
- Bandwidth Profile API
Browser Support
See browser support table for twilio-video.js SDK.
Deeper dive
Running a local token server
This application requires an access token to connect to a Room. The included local token server provides the application with access tokens. Perform the following steps to setup the local token server:
- Create an account in the Twilio Console.
- Click on 'Settings' and take note of your Account SID.
- Create a new API Key in the API Keys Section under Programmable Video Tools in the Twilio Console. Take note of the SID and Secret of the new API key.
- Store your Account SID, API Key SID, and API Key Secret in a new file called
.env
in the root level of the application (example below).
TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID=ACxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
TWILIO_API_KEY_SID=SKxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
TWILIO_API_KEY_SECRET=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Now the local token server (see server.js) can dispense Access Tokens to connect to a Room.
Running the App locally
Run the app locally with
$ npm start
This will start the local token server and run the app in the development mode. Open http://localhost:3000 to see the application in the browser.
The page will reload if you make changes to the source code in src/
.
You will also see any linting errors in the console. Start the token server locally with
$ npm run server
The token server runs on port 8081 and expects a GET
request at the /token
route with the following query parameters:
identity: string, // the user's identity
roomName: string // the room name
The response will be a token that can be used to connect to a room.
Try it out with this sample curl
command:
curl 'localhost:8081/token?identity=TestName&roomName=TestRoom'
Multiple Participants in a Room
If you want to see how the application behaves with multiple participants, you can simply open localhost:3000
in multiple tabs in your browser and connect to the same room using different user names.
Additionally, if you would like to invite other participants to a room, each participant would need to have their own installation of this application and use the same room name and Account SID (the API Key and Secret can be different).
Building
Build the React app with
$ npm run build
This script will build the static assets for the application in the build/
directory.
Tests
This application has unit tests (using Jest) and E2E tests (using Cypress). You can run the tests with the following scripts.
Unit Tests
Run unit tests with
$ npm test
This will run all unit tests with Jest and output the results to the console.
E2E Tests
Run end to end tests with
$ npm run cypress:open
This will open the Cypress test runner. When it's open, select a test file to run.
Note: Be sure to complete the 'Getting Started' section before running these tests. These Cypress tests will connect to real Twilio rooms, so you may be billed for any time that is used.
Application Architecture
The state of this application (with a few exceptions) is managed by the room object that is supplied by the SDK. The room
object contains all information about the room that the user is connected to. The class hierarchy of the room
object can be viewed here.
One great way to learn about the room object is to explore it in the browser console. When you are connected to a room, the application will expose the room object as a window variable: window.twilioRoom
.
Since the Twilio Video SDK manages the room
object state, it can be used as the source of truth. It isn't necessary to use a tool like Redux to track the room state. The room
object and most child properties are event emitters, which means that we can subscribe to these events to update React components as the room state changes.
React hooks can be used to subscribe to events and trigger component re-renders. This application frequently uses the useState
and useEffect
hooks to subscribe to changes in room state. Here is a simple example:
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
export default function useDominantSpeaker(room) {
const [dominantSpeaker, setDominantSpeaker] = useState(room.dominantSpeaker);
useEffect(() => {
room.on('dominantSpeakerChanged', setDominantSpeaker);
return () => {
room.off('dominantSpeakerChanged', setDominantSpeaker);
};
}, [room]);
return dominantSpeaker;
}
In this hook, the useEffect
hook is used to subscribe to the dominantSpeakerChanged
event emitted by the room
object. When this event is emitted, the setDominantSpeaker
function is called which will update the dominantSpeaker
variable and trigger a re-render of any components that are consuming this hook.
For more information on how React hooks can be used with the Twilio Video SDK, see this tutorial: https://www.twilio.com/blog/video-chat-react-hooks. To see all of the hooks used by this application, look in the src/hooks
directory.
Configuration
The connect
function from the SDK accepts a configuration object. The configuration object for this application can be found in src/index.ts. In this object, we 1) enable dominant speaker detection, 2) enable the network quality API, and 3) supply various options to configure the bandwidth profile.
Track Priority Settings
This application dynamically changes the priority of remote video tracks to provide an optimal collaboration experience. Any video track that will be displayed in the main video area will have track.setPriority('high')
called on it (see the VideoTrack component) when the component is mounted. This higher priority enables the track to be rendered at a high resolution. track.setPriority(null)
is called when the component is unmounted so that the track's priority is set to its publish priority (low).
Google Authentication using Firebase (optional)
This application can be configured to authenticate users before they use the app. Once users have signed into the app with their Google credentials, their Firebase ID Token will be included in the Authorization header of the HTTP request that is used to obtain an access token. The Firebase ID Token can then be verified by the server that dispenses access tokens for connecting to a room.
See .env.example for an explanation of the environment variables that must be set to enable Google authentication.
Related
License
See the LICENSE file for details.