joekain / credo

A static code analysis tool for the Elixir language with a focus on teaching.

Credo

Credo is a static code analysis tool for the Elixir language with a focus on teaching.

What can it do?

credo can show you refactoring opportunities in your code, complex and duplicated code fragments, warn you about common mistakes, show inconsistencies in your naming scheme and - if needed - help you enforce a desired coding style.

If you are a Rubyist it is best described as an opinionated mix between Inch and Rubocop.

Installation

Add as a dependency in your mix.exs file:

defp deps do
  [
    {:credo, "~> 0.1.6", only: [:dev, :test]}
  ]
end

And run:

mix deps.get

Basic Usage

To run credo in the current project, just type:

$ mix credo

This will run the code analysis and suggest places to edit your code.

If you want the list of issues grouped by files instead of suggestions just type:

$ mix credo list

You will get output like this:

┃ Refactoring opportunities
┃
┃ [R] ↗ If/else blocks should not have a negated condition in `if`.
┃       lib/phoenix/channel.ex:26 (Phoenix.Channel.subscribe)
┃ [R] → Function is too complex (max ABC is 15, was 43).
┃       lib/phoenix/router.ex:563:8 (Phoenix.Router.add_resources)
┃ [R] → Function is too complex (max ABC is 15, was 16).
┃       lib/phoenix/router/socket.ex:12:12 (Phoenix.Router.Socket.channel)
┃

Now you might want to know more about that particular entry, just copy the filename+line-number combo into the command:

$ mix credo lib/phoenix/channel.ex:26

┃ Phoenix.Channel
┃
┃   [R] Category: refactor
┃    ↗  Priority: medium
┃
┃       If/else blocks should not have a negated condition in `if`.
┃       lib/phoenix/channel.ex:26 (Phoenix.Channel.subscribe)
┃
┃    __ CODE IN QUESTION
┃
┃       if !Socket.authenticated?(socket, channel, topic) do
┃
┃    __ WHY IT MATTERS
┃
┃       An `if` block with a negated condition should not contain an else block.
┃
┃       So while this is fine:
┃
┃           if !allowed? do
┃             raise "Not allowed!"
┃           end
┃
┃       The code in this example ...
┃
┃           if !allowed? do
┃             raise "Not allowed!"
┃           else
┃             proceed_as_planned
┃           end
┃
┃       ... should be refactored to look like this:
┃
┃           if allowed? do
┃             proceed_as_planned
┃           else
┃             raise "Not allowed!"
┃           end
┃
┃       The reason for this is not a technical but a human one. It is easier to wrap
┃       your head around a positive condition and then thinking "and else we do ...".
┃
┃       In the above example raising the error in case something is not allowed
┃       might seem so important to put it first. But when you revisit this code a
┃       while later or have to introduce a colleague to it, you might be surprised
┃       how much clearer things get when the "happy path" comes first.

Configuration

.credo.exs

Credo is configured via a file called .credo.exs. This file can live in your project's config/ or root folder, both is fine.

Take a look at Credo's own .credo.exs for an example configuration.

Only run some checks

To run only a subset of checks, you can use the --checks or the -c alias.

# to only run the Readability checks, use:

$ mix credo -c readability

# to only run Readability checks and Warnings, use:

$ mix credo -c readability,warning

The second example illustrates how the command takes a comma-separated list. All commands matching any of the passed items will be run.

You can use partial names to quickly run checks. mix credo -c todo will show all # TODO comments since todo will match Credo.Check.Design.TagTODO. mix credo -c inspect will show you all calls to IO.inspect since it matches Credo.Check.Warning.IoInspect.

Ignore some checks

To ignore selected checks, you can use the --ignore-checks or the -i alias.

# to ignore all Readability checks, use:

$ mix credo -i readability

# to ignore all Readability checks and the DuplicatedCode check, use:

$ mix credo -i readability,duplicated

The second example illustrates how the command takes a comma-separated list. All commands matching any of the passed items will be ignored.

You can use partial names to quickly exclude checks. mix credo -i nameredec will exclude all checks for variables/parameters having the same name as declared functions by matching Credo.Check.Warning.NameRedeclarationBy...

Show code snippets in the output

Use the --verbose switch to include the code snippets in question in the output.

Show compact list

Use the --one-line switch to format the output to represent each issue by a single line.

Show all issues including low priority ones

Use the --all-priorities switch to include low priority issues in the output.

Commands

suggest (default command)

suggest is the default command of Credo. It suggests issues to fix in your code, but it cuts the list to a digestable count. If you want to see the full list, use the --all switch.

Example usage:

$ mix credo                     # display standard report
$ mix credo suggest             # same thing, since it's the default command
$ mix credo --all --one-line    # include low priority issues, one issue per line

$ mix credo suggest --help      # more options

list

list also suggests issues, but it groups them by file and does NOT cut the list to a certain count.

Example usage:

$ mix credo list                # show issues grouped by file
$ mix credo list --one-line     # show issues grouped by file, one issue per line
$ mix credo list --one-line -a  # same thing, include low priority issues

$ mix credo list --help         # more options

explain

explain allows you to dig deeper into an issue, by showing you details about the issue and the reasoning by it being reported. To be convenient, you can just copy-paste the filename:line_number:column string from the report behind the Credo command to check it out.

Credits: This is inspired by how you can snap the info from failed tests behind mix test.

Example usage:

$ mix credo lib/my_app/server.ex:10:24          # show explanation for the issue
$ mix credo explain lib/my_app/server.ex:10:24  # same thing

There are not additional options.

Issues

Like any code linter, Credo reports issues. Contrary to many other linters these issues are not created equal. Each issue is assigned a priority, based on a base priority set by the config and a dynamic component based on violation severity and location in the source code.

These priorities hint at the importance of each issue and are displayed in the command-line interface using arrows: ↑ ↗ → ↘ ↓

By default, only issues with a positive priority are part of the report (↑ ↗ →).

Checks

Consistency

These checks take a look at your code and ensure a consistent coding style. Using tabs or spaces? Both is fine, just don't mix them or Credo will tell you.

Readability

Readability checks do not concern themselves with the technical correctness of your code, but how easy it is to digest.

Refactoring Opportunities

The Refactor checks show you opportunities to avoid future problems and technical dept.

Software Design

While refactor checks show you possible problems, these checks try to highlight possibilities, like - potentially intended - duplicated code or TODO and FIXME comments.

Warnings

These checks warn you about things that are potentially dangerous, like a missed call to IEx.pry or a call to String.downcase without saving the result.

Contributing

1. Fork it!
2. Create your feature branch (git checkout -b my-new-feature)
3. Commit your changes (git commit -am 'Add some feature')
4. Push to the branch (git push origin my-new-feature)
5. Create new Pull Request

Author

René Föhring (@rrrene)

License

Credo is released under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for further details.