jmarcbaker / Red-vs-Blue-Team-Project-II

As the Red Team, you will attack a vulnerable VM within your environment, ultimately gaining root access to the machine. As Blue Team, you will use Kibana to review logs taken during their Day 1 engagement. You'll use the logs to extract hard data and visualizations for an assessment report. The log data will be interpreted in order to suggest mitigation measures for each successful exploit.

Red-vs-Blue-Team-Project-II

Red vs Blue Team Capstone Project

• As the Red Team, you will attack a vulnerable VM within your environment, ultimately gaining root access to the machine.

• As the Blue Team, you will use Kibana to review logs taken during the Day 1 engagement to extract hard data and visualizations for an assessment report.

This will serve as an outline to the version of this project.

Depiction of the Topology

The following machines live on the network: Kali: 192.168.1.90 ELK: 192.168.1.100 Target: 192.168.1.105

See

RED TEAM

The webserver suffers from several vulnerabilities but outlined below are the top three:

Vulnerability	Description	Impact
Sensitive Data Exposure	The secrect_folder directory and connect_to_corp_server files were exposed compromising the credentials of the Web DAV folder.	Malicious actors can now gain access to company servers and files.
Unauthorized File Upload	Users are able to upload payloads to the web server.	This vulnerability allows attackers to upload scripts such as PHP to the server exposing the machine to a number of attacks enabled by malicious files.
Remote Code Execution	As a consequence of the file upload vulnerability, attackers can upload web shells.	Malicious code can be injected and executed to gain access to critical data, root access, and compromise any sensitive data to include theft or deletion.

EXPLOITS

• Exploitation: Sensitive Data Exposure

  • Tools & Processes
    • nmap command to determine IP address of machine and open ports.
    • dirb command is used to find existing and/or hidden web objects.
  • Achievements
    • The secret_folder directory was discovered through this exploited vulnerability.
    • Login prompt reveals that authorized user is Ashton.
    • Directory is password protected however susceptible to a brute-force attack.
  • Impact
    • Obtaining username helps enable a brute force attack which leads to access and potential theft of data.

• Exploitation: Brute Force Attack

  • Tools & Processes
    • gunzip rockyou.gz to unzip wordlist for use during password cracking.
    • Utilizing a Hydra attack we will run: hydra -l ashton -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -s 80 -f -vV 192.168.1.105 http-get /company_folders/secret_folder. This command will be executed using the rockyou.txt file previously unzipped.
  • Achievements
    • Once the attack is complete the username ashton and password leopoldo are returned.
  • Impact
    • Credentials for login access to the WebDAV server have been obtained and data is now at risk.

• Exploitation: Password Hash Crack

  • Tools & Processes
    • Using login credentials, access to the WebDAV folder was obtained and a hashed password found within the folder
    • https://crackstation.net for cracking the password hash.
  • Achievements
    • Password is revealed to be: linux4u
  • Impact
    • Full user credentials were obtained to gain access to company folders and files.

BLUE TEAM

A considerable amount of data is available in the logs. Specifically, evidence of the following was obtained upon inspection:

• Traffic from attack VM to target, including unusually high volume of requests
• Access to sensitive data in the secret_folder directory
• Brute-force attack against the HTTP server
• POST request corresponding to upload of shell.php

Unusual Request Volume: Logs indicate an unusual number of requests and failed responses between the Kali VM and the target. Note that 401, 301, 200, 207, and 404 are the top responses.

HTTP Status Code	Meaning	Count
401	Unauthorized	16,067
301	Moved Permanently	2
200	OK	536
207	Multi-Status(WebDAV;RFC 4918)	10
404	Not Found	4

Also important to note the connection spike in the Connections over time [Packetbeat Flows] ECS, as well as the spike in errors in the Errors vs successful transactions [Packetbeat] ECS

Access to Sensitive Data (Secret_Folder)

On the dashboard, a look at the Top 10 HTTP requests panel shows that the /company_folders/secret_folder was requested 31,430.

WebDAV Connection & Reverse Shell Upload

The logs also indicate that an unauthorized actor was able to access protected data in the webdav directory. A graphing of the status codes and HTTP queries below can identify the increase in requests.

Mitigation Steps

• Blocking the Port Scan

  • The local firewall can be used to throttle incoming connections
  • ICMP traffic can be filtered
  • An IP allowed list can be enabled
  • Regularly run port scans to detect and audit any open ports

• High Volume of Traffic from Single Endpoint

  • Rate-limiting traffic from a specific IP address would reduce the web server's susceptibility to DoS conditions, as well as provide a hook against which to trigger alerts against suspiciously suspiciously fast series of requests that may be indicative of scanning.

• Access to sensitive data in the secret_folder directory

  • The secret_folder directory should be protected with stronger authentication.
  • Data inside of secret_folder should be encrypted at rest.
  • Filebeat should be configured to monitor access to the secret_folder directory and its contents
  • Access to secret_folder should be whitelisted, and access from IPs not on this whitelist, logged.

• Brute-Force attack against the HTTP server

  • The fail2ban utility can be enabled to protect against brute force attacks.
  • Create a policy that locks out accounts after 10 failed attempts
  • Create a policy that increases password complexity (requirements)

• Identifying Reverse Shell Uploads

  • Set write permissions to read only on webdav to prevent payload deliveries.
  • Isolation of uploads to a dedicated storage partition.
  • Installation and configuration of Filebeat.

**Group

• Laura Pratt
• Josh Black
• Courtney Templeton
• Robbie Drescher
• Julian Baker**