Windows User Rights Assignment Utility

The UserRights.exe utility is an application for managing the User Rights Assignment security policy settings.

UserRights.exe is similar to ntrights.exe from the Windows 2003 Resource Kit utility, with additional functionality making it more flexible for use in automation.

Use Case - Automating User Rights Assignment on Windows Servers

Managing user rights assignment with group policies is not trivial. The interface only allows either exclusively specifying all the principals that will be granted the right, or leaving the user right unmanaged. That is the only reasonable approach, the grants will vary depending on the roles or applications that are installed. There may be virtual accounts (e.g., IIS application pool accounts with security identifiers matching S-1-5-82-*) or NT service accounts (e.g., MSSQL accounts with security identifiers matching S-1-5-80-*) that are granted privileges.

This requires the creation and maintenance of unique and highly specific group policies for each platform and software combination. For example, a typical approach for managing the SeServiceLogonRight right might resemble:

Create a new group policy object.
Add a group policy preference item using Local Users and Groups to create a local security group for the permission being managed (e.g., allow-log-on-service).
- Ensure the mode is set to Update.
- Ensure Delete all member users is enabled.
- Ensure Delete all member groups is enabled.
- Enable item level targeting, add an LDAP Query and configure it to pass only when the LDAP query does not return a value indicating the related directory group was not found (e.g., DOMAIN\allow-log-on-service-%ComputerName%).
Add another group policy preference item using Local Users and Groups to create a local security group for the permission being managed (e.g., allow-log-on-service).
- Ensure the mode is set to Update.
- Ensure Delete all member users is enabled.
- Ensure Delete all member groups is enabled.
- Configure a single member by adding the related directory group using the variable based convention (e.g., DOMAIN\allow-log-on-service-%ComputerName%).
- Enable item level targeting, add an LDAP Query and configure it to pass only when the LDAP query does return a value indicating the related directory group was found (e.g., DOMAIN\allow-log-on-service-%ComputerName%).
Enable the group policy User Right Assignment for the SeServiceLogonRight right:
- Add any required local users.
- Add any required local groups.
- Add any required virtual accounts.
- Add any required NT service accounts.
- Add the new local group created above, allow-log-on-service.
Link the policy and configure the security and filtering as required.

When the policy executes, the %ComputerName% variable will be expanded and the applicable preference will create the local group, and the grants for the user right privilege will be overwritten. If the related directory security group is later provisioned, it will be added to the local group and the user rights will apply. While there is nothing wrong with this approach, it certainly is the most secure, but it has fairly high overhead.

An alternative approach without the local groups that uses UserRights.exe to grant the required directory group and revoke any inappropriate grants using a pattern is possible.

This example illustrates an approach for managing the SeServiceLogonRight right and can be applied to any of the user rights.

Copy the UserRights.exe utility to a network share that is accessible by all computer accounts.
Create an Active Directory security group for the server that should have the SeServiceLogonRight right managed. The group name must contain the sAMAccountName in addition to any conventions that are required. For example, to manage the SeServiceLogonRight privilege for a server named MyServer, create a security group named allow-log-on-service-MyServer and grant membership to all the required service accounts.
Create a group policy object, open it in the editor, and create a new scheduled immediate task:
Select the general tab and configure the task:
- Set the task to run in the NT AUTHORITY\System context.
- Set the task to run whether the user is logged in or not.
- Set the task to run with the highest privileges.
- Set the task to be hidden in the scheduled task console while it is executing.
Select the action tab and configure the task to execute the UserRights.exe utility.
- Set the program to the full path to the utility. For example: \\example.com\NETLOGON\UserRights.exe.
- Set the arguments to execute the utility in privilege mode, grant the SeServiceLogonRight privilege to a security group corresponding to the servers sAMAccountName value, and remove any other regular user accounts or groups. For example:
  
  privilege SeServiceLogonRight --grant EXAMPLE\allow-log-on-service-%ComputerName% --revoke-pattern "^S-1-5-21"
Select the common tab and enable item level targeting.
Select the targeting button, and configure item level targeting to ensure the preference is only executed when the corresponding Active Directory security exists in the directory.
- Select New Item, then choose LDAP Query.
- Select Item Options, then choose IS.
- Set the filter to (&(objectCategory=group)(name=allow-log-on-service-%ComputerName%))
- Set the binding to LDAP:
- Set the attribute to the same type used in the filter name
The example above uses the groups name attribute type, which may be a better option than sAMAccountName in some environments.
Repeat all the above steps with the following changes to accommodate the case when the directory group does not exist:
- Configure the action to execute the UserRights.exe utility with the following arguments:
  
  privilege SeServiceLogonRight --revoke-pattern "^S-1-5-21"
- Configure item level targeting to enable the preference when the LDAP query does not return a value.

Granting the privilege to a new user or service account only requires granting membership in the associated directory security group. Servers without a corresponding directory security will only have the user right privilege pruned according to the pattern.

If the privilege is later directly granted to a local or domain user account or group, group policy will revoke the grant. The pattern can be extended to prevent well-known security identifiers for built-in non-privileged contexts as well (use the dry-run flag to verify your regular expression).

Instrumentation

Diagnostic messages are emitted to the console and the Windows application event log.

Events originate from the UserRights source and have the following possible ids:

Event Id	Description
1001	Indicates the application is executing in privilege mode.
1002	Indicates the application is executing in principal mode.
1003	Indicates the application is executing in list mode.
2001	Indicates a privilege was successfully granted.
2002	Indicates a privilege has failed to be granted.
2003	Indicates a privilege is being granted in dryrun mode.
3001	Indicates a privilege was successfully revoked.
3002	Indicates a privilege has failed to be revoked.
3003	Indicates a privilege is being revoked in dryrun mode.
4001	Indicates a fatal error has occurred.
4002	Indicates a syntax error has occurred.

Examples

Manage a Principal

Grant a privilege and revoke a different privilege from a principal:

UserRights.exe principal "DOMAIN\UserOrGroup" --grant SeServiceLogonRight --revoke SeDenyServiceLogonRight

Grant multiple privileges, and revoke any other privileges assigned to a principal:

UserRights.exe principal "DOMAIN\UserOrGroup" --grant SeServiceLogonRight --grant SeInteractiveLogonRight --revoke-others

Revoke a privilege from a principal:

UserRights.exe principal "DOMAIN\UserOrGroup" --revoke SeDenyServiceLogonRight

Revoke all privileges from a principal:

UserRights.exe principal "DOMAIN\UserOrGroup" --revoke-all

Manage a Privilege

Assign a principal, and revoke all other principals matching a pattern (everything except builtin and virtual accounts) from a privilege in dryrun mode to only instrument the changes:

UserRights.exe privilege SeServiceLogonRight --grant "DOMAIN\UserOrGroup" --revoke-pattern "^S-1-5-21-" --dry-run

Revoke all principals matching a pattern (everything except builtin and virtual accounts) from a privilege:

UserRights.exe privilege SeServiceLogonRight --revoke-pattern "^S-1-5-21-"

Assign a principal and revoke a different principal from a privilege:

UserRights.exe privilege SeServiceLogonRight --grant "DOMAIN\User" --revoke "DOMAIN\Group"

Revoke a principal assigned to a privilege:

UserRights.exe privilege SeServiceLogonRight --revoke "DOMAIN\UserOrGroup"

Revoke all principals assigned to a privilege:

UserRights.exe privilege SeServiceLogonRight --revoke-all

Enumerate Privileges and Principals

List all principals and privileges in CSV format to STDOUT:

UserRights.exe list

List all principals and privileges in JSON format to STDOUT:

UserRights.exe list --json

List all principals and privileges in CSV format to a file:

UserRights.exe list --path x:\path\file.csv

Additional Info

Releases are provided in two formats that both target .Net 8.0:

An archive containing a runtime-dependent executable and all the required libraries.
An archive containing a single, self-contained executable to make deployment simple.

jcasale / UserRights