Statistical and spectral features extraction for audio analysis.
Obtained using the time domain.
Feature |
Description |
Energy |
Sum of the squared amplitude of the signal. |
Power |
Sum of the squared amplitude over one period of the signal. |
Root-mean-square |
Sum of the absolute value of the amplitude over one period of the signal. |
Zero–crossing rate |
Average rate of change of the signal’s sign. |
Obtained using the frequency domain.
Feature |
Description |
Formula |
Spectral centroid |
Energetic center of the signal. |
|
Spectral spread |
Deviation of the energy of the signal with respect to the centroid. |
|
Spectral skewness |
Lateral localization of the energy of the signal. |
|
Spectral kurtosis |
Weigthed presence of the outliers in the signal’s tails. |
|
Spectral rolloff |
Estimation of the cutoff frequency of the signal. |
|
Spectral decrease |
Average drop of the signal’s energy. |
|
Spectral slope |
Degree of the steepness of the signal. |
|
Spectral peak |
Frequency with highest energy concentration within the signal. |
|
Spectral crest |
Ratio of the spectral peak to the signal’s mean. |
|
Spectral entropy |
White noise percentage of the signal. |
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Spectral flatness |
Ratio of the signal’s geometric mean to its arithmetic mean. |
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