openpifpaf

We propose a new bottom-up method for multi-person 2D human pose estimation that is particularly well suited for urban mobility such as self-driving cars and delivery robots. The new method, PifPaf, uses a Part Intensity Field (PIF) to localize body parts and a Part Association Field (PAF) to associate body parts with each other to form full human poses. Our method outperforms previous methods at low resolution and in crowded, cluttered and occluded scenes thanks to (i) our new composite field PAF encoding fine-grained information and (ii) the choice of Laplace loss for regressions which incorporates a notion of uncertainty. Our architecture is based on a fully convolutional, single-shot, box-free design. We perform on par with the existing state-of-the-art bottom-up method on the standard COCO keypoint task and produce state-of-the-art results on a modified COCO keypoint task for the transportation domain.

@InProceedings{kreiss2019pifpaf,
  author = {Kreiss, Sven and Bertoni, Lorenzo and Alahi, Alexandre},
  title = {PifPaf: Composite Fields for Human Pose Estimation},
  booktitle = {The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
  month = {June},
  year = {2019}
}

arxiv.org/abs/1903.06593

Demo

Image credit: "Learning to surf" by fotologic which is licensed under CC-BY-2.0.
Created with: python3 -m openpifpaf.predict --show docs/coco/000000081988.jpg

More demos:

openpifpafwebdemo project (best performance)
OpenPifPaf running in your browser: https://vita-epfl.github.io/openpifpafwebdemo/ (experimental)
the openpifpaf.webcam command (requires OpenCV)
Google Colab demo

Install

Python 3 is required. Python 2 is not supported. Do not clone this repository and make sure there is no folder named openpifpaf in your current directory.

pip3 install openpifpaf

For a live demo, we recommend to try the openpifpafwebdemo project. Alternatively, openpifpaf.webcam provides a live demo as well. It requires OpenCV.

For development of the openpifpaf source code itself, you need to clone this repository and then:

pip3 install numpy cython
pip3 install --editable '.[train,test]'

The last command installs the Python package in the current directory (signified by the dot) with the optional dependencies needed for training and testing.

Interfaces

python3 -m openpifpaf.predict --help: help screen
python3 -m openpifpaf.webcam --help: help screen
python3 -m openpifpaf.train --help: help screen
python3 -m openpifpaf.eval_coco --help: help screen
python3 -m openpifpaf.logs --help: help screen

Tools to work with models:

python3 -m openpifpaf.migrate --help: help screen
python3 -m openpifpaf.export_onnx --help: help screen

Pre-trained Models

Performance metrics with version 0.9.0 on the COCO val set obtained with a GTX1080Ti:

Backbone	AP	APᴹ	APᴸ	t_{total} [ms]	t_{dec} [ms]
shufflenetv2x1	50.2	47.0	55.4	56	44
shufflenetv2x2	58.5	55.2	63.6	60	41
resnet50	63.3	60.7	67.8	79	38
resnext50	63.8	61.1	68.1	93	33
resnet101	66.5	63.1	71.9	100	35
resnet152	67.8	64.4	73.3	122	30

Pretrained model files are shared in this Google Drive which you can put into your outputs folder. The pretrained models are downloaded automatically when using the command line option --checkpoint backbonenameasintableabove.

To visualize logs:

python3 -m openpifpaf.logs \
  outputs/resnet50block5-pif-paf-edge401-190424-122009.pkl.log \
  outputs/resnet101block5-pif-paf-edge401-190412-151013.pkl.log \
  outputs/resnet152block5-pif-paf-edge401-190412-121848.pkl.log

Train

See datasets for setup instructions. See studies.ipynb for previous studies.

Train a ResNet model:

time CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python3 -m openpifpaf.train \
  --lr=1e-3 \
  --momentum=0.95 \
  --epochs=75 \
  --lr-decay 60 70 \
  --batch-size=8 \
  --basenet=resnet50block5 \
  --head-quad=1 \
  --headnets pif paf \
  --square-edge=401 \
  --regression-loss=laplace \
  --lambdas 30 2 2 50 3 3 \
  --freeze-base=1

ShuffleNet models are trained without ImageNet pretraining:

time CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python3 -m openpifpaf.train \
  --batch-size=64 \
  --basenet=shufflenetv2x2 \
  --head-quad=1 \
  --epochs=75 \
  --momentum=0.9 \
  --headnets pif paf \
  --lambdas 30 2 2 50 3 3 \
  --loader-workers=8 \
  --lr=1e-1 \
  --lr-decay 60 70 \
  --no-pretrain \
  --weight-decay=1e-5 \
  --update-batchnorm-runningstatistics \
  --ema=0.03

You can refine an existing model with the --checkpoint option.

To produce evaluations at every epoch, check the directory for new snapshots every 5 minutes:

while true; do \
  CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 find outputs/ -name "resnet101block5-pif-paf-l1-190109-113346.pkl.epoch???" -exec \
    python3 -m openpifpaf.eval_coco --checkpoint {} -n 500 --long-edge=641 --skip-existing \; \
  ; \
  sleep 300; \
done

Person Skeletons

COCO / kinematic tree / dense:

Created with python3 -m openpifpaf.data.

Video

Processing a video frame by frame from video.avi to video.pose.mp4 using ffmpeg:

export VIDEO=video.avi  # change to your video file

mkdir ${VIDEO}.images
ffmpeg -i ${VIDEO} -qscale:v 2 -vf scale=641:-1 -f image2 ${VIDEO}.images/%05d.jpg
python3 -m openpifpaf.predict --checkpoint resnet152 ${VIDEO}.images/*.jpg
ffmpeg -framerate 24 -pattern_type glob -i ${VIDEO}.images/'*.jpg.skeleton.png' -vf scale=640:-2 -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p ${VIDEO}.pose.mp4

In this process, ffmpeg scales the video to 641px which can be adjusted.

Documentation Pages

Related Projects

monoloco: "Monocular 3D Pedestrian Localization and Uncertainty Estimation" which uses OpenPifPaf for poses.
openpifpafwebdemo: web front-end.

isht7 / openpifpaf