This Dockerfile creates a builder that builds a Qt library with a subset of submodules, and allows users to install it on top of the host machine as a user.
It's based on Ubuntu 18.04, as it is probably one of the most widely used Linux distros. Binaries generated from this image can be usable on other distros.
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Create a builder:
docker build --build-arg qt5_prefix=$HOME/qt5-prefix -t some-name/qt:5.14.2 . -
Run the container by mounting destination as volume, and it will install the files.
docker run --rm -v $HOME/qt5-prefix:$HOME/qt5-trunk/qt5-prefix --user \ `id -u`:`id -g` some-name/qt:5.14.2