Hacktoberfest'21

Git/GitHub Session

This is a Repo for the Session on Git/GitHub.

What is Git ?

Git is a version control system that lets you manage and keep track of your source code history.

What is GitHub ?

GitHub is a cloud-based hosting service that lets you manage Git repositories. If you have open-source projects that use Git, then GitHub is designed to help you better manage them.

What’s a repository?

A repository, or Git project, encompasses the entire collection of files and folders associated with a project, along with each file’s revision history.

Using Git

Basic Commands

pwd prints working directory
ls lists all the files and folders
cd change directory
mkdir makes or creates directory
touch creates file
cd.. go back
rm removes file
rm-rf removes folder
mv rename or move file

Basic Git Commands

git init initializes a brand new Git repository and begins tracking an existing directory. It adds a hidden subfolder within the existing directory that houses the internal data structure required for version control.
git clone creates a local copy of a project that already exists remotely. The clone includes all the project’s files, history, and branches.
git add stages a change. Git tracks changes to a developer’s codebase, but it’s necessary to stage and take a snapshot of the changes to include them in the project’s history. This command performs staging, the first part of that two-step process. Any changes that are staged will become a part of the next snapshot and a part of the project’s history. Staging and committing separately gives developers complete control over the history of their project without changing how they code and work.
git commit saves the snapshot to the project history and completes the change-tracking process. In short, a commit functions like taking a photo. Anything that’s been staged with git add will become a part of the snapshot with git commit.
git status shows the status of changes as untracked, modified, or staged.
git branch shows the branches being worked on locally.
git merge merges lines of development together. This command is typically used to combine changes made on two distinct branches. For example, a developer would merge when they want to combine changes from a feature branch into the main branch for deployment.
git pull updates the local line of development with updates from its remote counterpart. Developers use this command if a teammate has made commits to a branch on a remote, and they would like to reflect those changes in their local environment.
git push updates the remote repository with any commits made locally to a branch.

GitHub Workfow

The GitHub flow is a lightweight, branch-based workflow built around core Git commands used by teams around the globe—including ours.

The GitHub flow has six steps, each with distinct benefits when implemented:

Create a branch: Topic branches created from the canonical deployment branch (usually main) allow teams to contribute to many parallel efforts. Short-lived topic branches, in particular, keep teams focused and results in quick ships.
Add commits: Snapshots of development efforts within a branch create safe, revertible points in the project’s history.
Open a pull request: Pull requests publicize a project’s ongoing efforts and set the tone for a transparent development process.
Discuss and review code: Teams participate in code reviews by commenting, testing, and reviewing open pull requests. Code review is at the core of an open and participatory culture.
Merge: Upon clicking merge, GitHub automatically performs the equivalent of a local ‘git merge’ operation. GitHub also keeps the entire branch development history on the merged pull request.
Deploy: Teams can choose the best release cycles or incorporate continuous integration tools and operate with the assurance that code on the deployment branch has gone through a robust workflow.

Explore More

To Learn Git/GitHub in Detail Click here.

Author

Kunal Mahatha

hnccbits / Hacktoberfest21