goolyuyi / study-vim

ESSENTIAL

motion

motion is cursor move

1. basic:

• move: hjkl or <arrow>
• word: w: next word head e word tail, b: last word head or shift+<arrow>
• line: ^/$: start/end of line 0: start of line
• %: match pair of () [] {} <>
• move in file: gg top G bottom
• 5gg or 5G jump to line 5
• ctrl+b/f (back/fore) full screen scroll OR shift+<arrow>
• ctrl+u/d (up/down) 1/2 screen scroll
• {} jump paragraph
• 50% goto 50% of file

2.advanced

• H M L: scroll to top/middle/bottom of the screen
• fx - jump to next occurrence of character x Fx backward
• tx - jump to before next occurrence of character x Tx backward
• ; repeat previous f, t, F or T movement
• , repeat previous f, t, F or T movement, backwards

3. Note : all motion can spec a quantity like d3w,9<down>

navi

move won't change the cursor position

• zz frame cursor

• ctrl-o: navi back(out) ctrl-i: navi fore(in)

• ctrl-]: enter

verb

some verb need a motion: dw=d+w

verb can have a quantity like 3x 9dl

1. list:

• cut/delete d+ where += dd dw d$=D, daw delete a word
• join line J
• delete at cursor: x
• copy/yank y+: yy yw y$
• put/paste: p paste after cur P paste before cur
• replace 1 char: r: ra replace to a
• undo u/ undo line U redo ctrl-r
• . repeat last change
• g-command like gJ see :help g
  • g~~ toggle case
  • gU upper case gUe gu lower case guu
• changec (delete and enter insert): cc=S cl=s c$=C caw

2. object:

• a+ a object, aw a word as a sentence ab a block() aB a block {}
• i+ inner object, iw inner word is inner sentence ib inner block

mode

• insert mode: i insert(before) o open(new line) a append(after)

  • ea frequently used
  • ^n next find
  • ^j new line
  • ^t tab line ^d revert tab line ^i insert tab
  • ^u delete left ^w delete left word
  • <insert> toggle replace mode

• replace mode: R

• visual mode(marking mode):

  • v: enter visual mode V enter visual line mode
  • ctrl+v: enter visual block mode
    • o O: move cursor to corner
  • <> shift left/right (with tab)
  • u U ~ case
  • y d copy/delete

mark

• `` goto last jump " last edit . last change
• `a goto a
• ma set mark a; mark name [0-9a-z]
• :marks list marks :jump jump history :changes change history
• y`a yank to a mark

search and replace

1. search:

• regex: http://www.vimregex.com/
• /: search forward ?: search backward */# : search with cur word
• n/N: to next/previous
• search is a verb, can use like a verb: d/the<Enter>
• // /? /& last search
• :s/\v(\w+)/\u\1/g use \v to mimic perl regex

2. substitute:

• substitute/replace :substitute , mostly use :s
• syntax: :[range]substitute/from/to/[flags]
  • :s/thee/the default is cur line
    • %s/thee/the % all line
  • :s/thee/the/gc replace all and confirm
• flag: g all, c confirm, p print, i/I case ignore

3. range:

• 1,5 line 1 to 5, 5 line 5
• .: cur line, .w write cur line
• .,$ cur to last line .,.+4 cur to next 4 line % the whole file
• 't,'b from mark t to mark b
• '<,'> visual selection, < is visual start, > is visual end
• .,/patter cur to next line that match pattern .,?pattern cur to prev line that match pattern
• /Section 1/+,/Section 2/- non-inclusively search for section 1 and section 2
• /Section 1/;/Subsection/-,/Subsection/+
• :/Section/+ y :// normal p

4. global:

• :[range]global/{pattern}/{command} search pattern and exec a command
  • :g+//+s/foobar/barfoo/g

5. pattern(regex):

   • /\<the\> \< \> word boundary
   • ^$ line boundary
   • . \s \d \w \a \l=lower \u=upper same as regex

6. option

   • hlsearch=hls nohlsearch
   • wrapscan
   • incsearch=is

command

• show file info: ctrl-g
• quit with write: ZZ
• commands, start with :
  • :! shell command: :!ls ~/dev
  • :set set var
    • :set ic=set ignorecase
    • :set history=1000 set value, :set history get value
    • :set iskeyword& set to default value
  • :options show options
  • <ctrl-d>/<tab> auto complete

completion

file[s]

1.file

• :file a.txt change file name
• :r read and merge in :r !ls read the stdout of ls
• :w write file: :w README.md :write >> logfile append
• :saveas :edit

2.multi file

• :ls
• :args :args FILES
• :next :prev first :last
• quick jump, to last <ctrl+^>

multi-window

1. basic

   • split window :split :split a.txt :new
     • :3split alpha.c window size is 3 line
   • window commands: :close :only
   • command all qall wall wqall

2. ctrl-w: input window command

   • w: jump window q: close window
   • <arrow> move window
   • +/-: window size
   • s v split H J resplit
   • x exchange
   • <arrow>: move window
   • f Split current window in two. Edit file name under cursor.
     • d goto definition

3. vsplit: :vsplit :vnew

4. tab:

• :tabnew :tabedit :tabclose :tabonly :tabmove :tabnext :tabprevious

• gt gT jump tab 5gt jump tab 5

• ctrl-w gf:Open a new tab page and edit the file name under the cursor.

• options:

  • winheight

macro, register

1. register(think as named clipboard)

• :reg show; reg name is [0-9a-z]

• "xy yank to x "xp put from x;

  • use uppercase for append mode: "Xy append to x
  • + $ is clipboard: "+y yank to system clipboard
  • register cross session; stored in ~/.viminfo

• in insert mode:

  • ^r insert register

Tip Special registers:
0 - last yank
" - unnamed register, last delete or yank
% - current file name
# - alternate file name
* - clipboard contents (X11 primary)
+ - clipboard contents (X11 clipboard)
/ - last search pattern
: - last command-line
. - last inserted text
- - last small (less than a line) delete
= - expression register
_ - black hole register

2. macro
   • macro is the same thing as reg ,stored in reg
   • qa start recode macro a q stop
   • @a play macro a @@ repeat last macro
     • qA/word<Enter>q append to macro a
   • . repeat last change

indent

• >> <<
• >% indent block >ib inner block >at tag
• == indent current line =$ indent all =% indent to block
• ]p paste and indent

format

• gq+, help gq
• gqap: gq format ap a paragraph
• gggqG: gg go file start gq format G end of file

help

* `:help`: show help
* `:help w` `help ctrl-d`: show help of `command`s

CUSTOM

vimrc

put init.vim here

~/.config/nvim/init.vim         (Unix and OSX)
~/AppData/Local/nvim/init.vim   (Windows)

useful option

set backup
set backupext=.bak
set patchmode=.orig

set backspace=indent,eol,start
set autoindent
set history=50
set ruler
set showcmd
set incsearch
set hlsearch
set sidescroll=10
set whichwrap=b,s
set list                      # show tab symbol
set listchars=tab:>-,trail:-  # set tab style

autowrite

syntax on

color

• $VIMRUNTIME/colors path of theme
• :colorscheme evening

keymapping

like shortcut or macro

:map <F5> i{<Esc>ea}<Esc>

press F5

:map \p i(<Esc>ea)<Esc>
:map \c i{<Esc>ea}<Esc>

press \ + p quickly

PLUGIN SYS

There are two types of plugins:

• global plugin: Used for all kinds of files
• filetype plugin: Only used for a specific type of file

~/.vimrc

package

• package and plugin are basically the same thing
• packadd vimball load package
  • mkdir -p ~/.local/share/nvim/site/pack/fancy put the package here

plugin

• There are two types of plugins:

  • global plugin: Used for all kinds of files
  • filetype plugin: Only used for a specific type of file

• help standard-plugin-list

• $VIMRUNTIME/plugin $VIMRUNTIME/macros system plugin path

• ~/.local/share/nvim/site/plugin user plugin path

filetype plugin

~/.local/share/nvim/site/ftplugin path

The generic names for the filetype plugins are:

    ftplugin/<filetype>.vim
    ftplugin/<filetype>_<name>.vim
    ftplugin/<filetype>/<name>.vim

Here <name> can be any name that you prefer. Examples for the "stuff" filetype on Unix:

    ~/.local/share/nvim/site/ftplugin/stuff.vim
    ~/.local/share/nvim/site/ftplugin/stuff_def.vim
    ~/.local/share/nvim/site/ftplugin/stuff/header.vim

FAQ

TODO