$ oc login
$ oc new-project my-project
$ oc status
$ oc new-app https://github.com/sclorg/cakephp-ex
$ oc get pods -o wide
$ oc logs cakephp-ex-1-deploy
$ oc api-resources // muy util para averiguar el apiVersion de un kind.
EJ: $ oc api-resources | grep OAuth
config.openshift.io/v1
$ oc help
$ oc create --help
$ oc adm --help
$ tail -10 ocp_cluster/.openshift_install.log
$ oc new-project <project-name> --description="<descritpion>" --display-name="<display-name>"
$ oc get projects
$ oc project <project_name>
$ oc delete project <project_name>
LAB:
$ oc new-project demotmp --description="Throw away porject for demo" --display-name="Garbage"
$ oc new-project demo --description="Demo project for our lesson" --display-name="Demo Project"
$ oc projects // muestra con * el actual
$ oc project demotmp
$ oc new-app https://github.com/openshift/ruby-hello-world.git
$ oc get pods
$ oc get all
$ oc delete project demotmp
$ oc get pods
$ oc get all
$ oc projects
$ oc get -o yaml <resource> <resource>.yaml
$ oc get -o json <resource> <resource>.json
$ oc create -f <resource>.yaml
$ oc create -f <resource>.json
$ oc replace
$ oc extract
$ oc apply
$ oc rsync
LAB:
$ mkdir resources
$ oc project demo
$ oc get all
$ oc get -o yaml --export pods > resources/pod.yaml
$ ls resources
$ vim resources/pod.yaml
$ oc replace -f resources/pod.yaml
$ oc get secrets
$ oc extract secret/builder-token-6hn9c --to=resources
Web console. Dashboards
$ oc adm top node
$ oc adm top node <node>
$ oc adm top pod
$ oc adm top pod <pod>
$ oc logs -f bc/<buildconfig_name>
$ oc logs -f dc/<deploymentconfig_name>
$ oc logs --version=1 dc/<deploymentconfig_name>
$ oc logs -f pod/<pod-name> --tail=5
$ oc logs backend -c <container_name>
$ oc logs -f pod/backend -c <container_name>
LAB:
$ oc get pods
$ oc logs -f pod/<pod_name> --tail=5
$ oc get all
$ oc logs -f bc/<deploymentconfig_name>
$ oc logs --version=1 bc/<deploymentconfig_name>
$ oc get events -n <project_name>
$ oc get events -n openshift-config
LAB:
$ oc get events -n openshift-controller-manager
web console -> Alerts -> Silence
$ sudo yum install httpd-tools
creo el archivo con la opcion -c
$ hspasswd -c -B -b </path_to/htpasswd_file> <user_name> <passord>
$ hspasswd -B -b </path_to/htpasswd_file> <user_name> <passord>
Crea el Htpasswd secret
$ oc create secret generic htpass-secret --from-file=htpasswd=</path_to/htpasswd_file> -n openshift-config
apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: OAuth
metadata:
name: cluster
spec:
identityProviders
- name: my_htpasswd_provider
mappingMethod: claim
type: HTPasswd
htpasswd:
fileData:
name: htpass-secret
$ oc aplly -f <path_to/CR>
$ oc login -u <username>
$ oc whoami
LAB:
$ hspasswd -c -B users.htpasswd admin // como le puse la opcion -b me va a pedir el password
$ for USER in tbonino lbonino
$ hspasswd -B users.htpasswd tbonino
$ cat users.htpasswd
$ oc create secret generic htpass-secret --from-file=htpasswd=users.htpasswd -n openshift-config
$ oc get secrets
$ vim htpasswd.yaml
apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: OAuth
metadata:
name: clusteroc ñlpo
spec:
identityProviders
- name: users.htpasswd
mappingMethod: claim
type: HTPasswd
htpasswd:
fileData:
name: htpass-secret
$ oc apply -f tepasswd.yaml
$ oc login -u abonino
$ oc whoami
web console Cluster Settings->Global Configuration -> OAuth
$ ocget secret -n openshift-config
$ oc extract secret/HTPASSWD_SECRET --to - -n openshift-config > htpasswd
Agrego usuarios
$ hspasswd -B -b htpasswd <user_name> <password>
$ oc create secret generic HTPASSWD_SECRET --from-file=htpasswd --dry-run -o yaml -n openshift-config | oc replace -f -
$ oc fet identity
$ ode get users
LAB:
$ oc get secret -n openshift-config
htpass-secret
$ oc extract secret/htpass-secret --to - -n openshift-config > users.htpasswd
$ cat users.htpasswd
$ for USER in tbonino lbonino; do hspasswd -B -b users.htpasswd $USER passwd;done
$ cat users.htpasswd
$ oc create secret generic htpass-secret --from-file=htpasswd=users.htpasswd --dry-run -o yaml -n openshift-config | oc replace -f -
$ oc get identity
$ oc login -u abonino
$ oc get identity
$ oc get users
$ oc extract secret/htpass-secret --to - -n openshift-config > users.htpasswd
$ vim users.htpasswd
borro la linea con el user a sacar
$ oc create secret generic htpass-secret --from-file=htpasswd=users.htpasswd --dry-run -o yaml -n openshift-config | oc replace -f -
$ oc get indentity
$ oc delete identity/users.htpasswd:<user_borrado>
$ oc get indentity
$ oc get users
$ oc delete user/<user_borrado>
$ oc get secret -n openshift-config
$ oc extract secret/HTPASSWD_SECRET --to - -n openshift-config > htpasswd
Moidifico el password
$ hspasswd -B -b htpasswd <user_name> <password>
$ oc create secret generic HTPASSWD_SECRET --from-file=htpasswd --dry-run -o yaml -n openshift-config | oc replace -f -
Defaults Cluster Roles
- admin:puede ver y modificar cualquier recurso excepto la cuota.
- basic-user: puede get info basica de proyectos y users.
- cluster-admin: Super-user. Puede realizar cualquier accion en cualquier proyecto.
- cluster-status: puede ver cluster status information
- edit: puede modificar muchos objetos pero no puede ver o modificar roles o bindings.
- self-provisioner: puede crear sus propios objetos
- view:No puede hacer ninguna modificacion, pero púede ver objetos en un proyecto.No puede modificar roles o bindings.
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-user <role> <user> -n <project>
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-group <role> <group> -n <project>
$ oc describe rolebinding.rbac -n <project>
$ oc adm policy add-cluster-role-to-user cluster-admin <user>
$ oc delete secrets kubeadmin -n kube-system
LAB:
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-user admin abonino -n desa1
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-user edit tbonino -n desa1
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-user view lbonino -n desa1
$ oc describe rolebinding.rbac -n desa1
$ oc adm policy add-cluster-role-to-user cluster-admin admin
$ oc delete secrets kubeadmin -n kube-system
$ oc adm groups new <group>
$ oc adm groups new <group> <user>
$ oc adm groups add-users <group> <user1> <user2>
$ oc adm groups remove-users <group> <user1> <user2>
Defult Virtul Group system:autheticated system:authenticated:oauth system:unauthenticated
LAB:
$ oc new-project demo2
$ oc adm groups new dev
$ oc adm groups add-user dev abonino tbonino
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-group edit dev -n demo2
$ oc adm groups remove-users dev tbonino
Creacion de un role local
$ oc create role <name> --verb=<verb> --resource=<resource> -n <project>
Creacion de un role de cluster
$ oc create clusterrole <name> --verb=<verb> --resource=<resource>
LAB:
$ oc create role podview --verb=get --resource=pod -n desa1
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-user podview abonino --role-namespace=desa1 -n desa1
$ oc create clusterrole podviewonly --verb=get --resource=pod
$ oc adm policy add-cluster-role-to-user podviewonly tbonino
$ oc describe rolebinding.rbac -n desa1
$ od describe clusterrolebinding.rbac podviewonly
$ oc adm policy who-can <verb> <resource>
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-user <role> <user>
$ oc adm policy remove-role-to-user <role> <user>
$ oc adm policy remove-user <user>
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-group <role> <group>
$ oc adm policy remove-role-from-group <role> <group>
$ oc adm policy remove-group <group>
$ oc adm policy add-cluster-role-to-user <role> <user>
$ oc adm policy remove-cluster-role-from-user <role> <user>
$ oc adm policy add-cluster-role-to-group <role> <group>
$ oc adm policy remove-cluster-role-from-group <role> <group>
LAB:
$ oc project demo
$ oc adm policy who-can get pod
$ oc adm policy who-can create pod
Tipos de secrests:
-
kubernetes.io/service-account-token
-
kubernetes.io/basic-auth
-
kubernetes.io/ssh-auth
-
kubernetes.io/tls
-
Opaque
Ejemplo de secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: secret
metadata:
name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
username: dXnsdNasaskdj
password: aasiDdsyHSDJI=
$ oc create -f secret.yaml
Ejemplo de uso de secret
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: secret-example-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: secret-test-container
image: busybox
command: [" /bin/sh", "-c", "export" ]
env:
- name: TEST_SECRET_USERNAME_ENV_VAR
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: mysecret
key: username
restartpolicy: Never
apiVersion: v1
kind: BuilConfig
metadata:
name: secret-example-bc
spec:
strategy:
sourceStrategy:
env:
- name: TEST_SECRET_USERNAME_ENV_VAR
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: mysecret
key: username
LAB:
$ oc project demousy
$ echo -n 'abonino' | base64
$ echo -n 'password' | base64
usar estos datos para poner en el secrets
$ oc create -f secret.yaml
$ oc get secrets -n demo
$ oc describe secret/mysecret -n demo
Una cuenta de servivio permite que un componente acceda directamente a la API. (Sin compartir las credenciales de un usuario normal).
El nombre se deriva de su proyecto:
system:serviceaccount::<name_sa>
Cada cuenta de servicio pertenece a dos grupos:
- system:serviceaccounts (incluye todas las cuentas de servicio del sistema)
- system:serviceaccounts: (Incluye todas las cuentas de servcio del proyecto)
Cada cuenta de servicio tiene dos secrets asociados. Un token de API y credenciales para Openshift Container Registry.
Cuentas de servicios creadas en cada poryecto por defecto:
- builder: utiklizada por moduos de compilacion.
- deployer: lo utilizan los pods de implementacion
- default: se usa para ejecutar todos los demas pods.
Usar cuentas de servicio
Puede distribuir el token de una cuenta de servicio a aplicaciones externas que deben autenticarse en la API.
Ver el token de la cuenta de servicio
$ oc describe secret <secret_name>
// ejemplo
$ oc describe secret robot-token-uzkbh -n top-secret
// incio de sesion con el token
$ oc login --token=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9...
$ oc sa get-token <service_account_name>
$ oc get sa
$ oc create sa <service-account-name> // la crea en el proyecto actual
$ oc describe sa/<service-account-name>
Asigna un role a la SA en el projecto actual
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-user <role> system:serviceaccount:<project>:<service-account-name>
// con la opcion -z le otorgo a la sa acceso a un proyecto.
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-user <role> -z <service-account-name>
// permitir que todas las cuentas de servicio del proyecto managers editen recursos del proyecto top-secret
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-group edit system:serviceaccounts:managers -n top-secret
ejemplo sa.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: SecurityContextXConstraints
metadata:
name: scc-admin
allowPrivilegedContainer: true
runAduser:
type: RunAsUser
seLinuxContext:
type: RunAdUser
fsGroup:
type: RunAsUser
supplementlGroups:
type: RunAsUser
user:
- <service-account-name>
$ oc create -f sa.yaml
SCC: controlan los permisos de los pods. Incluyen acciones que puede realizar un pod y a que recurso puede acceder.
LAB:
$ oc creta sa demosa
$ oc get sa
$ oc describe sa demosa
$ vim scc-admin.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: SecurityContextXConstraints
metadata:
name: scc-admin
allowPrivilegedContainer: true
runAduser:
type: RunAsUser
seLinuxContext:
type: RunAdUser
fsGroup:
type: RunAsUser
supplementlGroups:
type: RunAsUser
user:
- demosa
requiredDropCapabilities:
- KILL
- MKNOD
- SYS_CHROOT
$ oc create -f scc-admin.yaml
$ oc get scc
$ oc describe scc scc-admin
Mustra el estado del CNO deployment (Cluster network operator)
$ oc get -n openshift-network-operator deployment/network-operator
ver el estado del CNO
$ oc get clusteroperator/network
$ oc describe network.config/cluster
$ oc logs --namespace=openshift-network-operator deployment/network-operator
$ oc get -n openshift-dns-operator deployment/dns-operator
$ oc get clusteroperator/dns
$ oc describe clusteroperator/dns
$ oc logs --namespace=openshift-dns-operator deployment/dns-operator
Debuggins Routes
$ oc get endpoints -n <porject>
$ oc get route -n <project>
$ oc get pods -n <project> --template='{{range.items}}HostIP: {{status.hostIP}} PodID: {{.status.podIP}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}'
$ oc get services -n <project>
$ oc get endpoints -n <project>
LAB:
$ oc get -n openshift-network-operator deployment/network-operator
$ oc get clusteroperator/network
$ oc describe network.config/cluster
$ oc oc logs -n openshift-network-operator deployment/network-operator --tail 10
$ oc get -n openshift-dns-operator deployment/dns-operator
$ oc get clusteroperator/dns
$ oc describe clusteroperator/dns
$ oc get endpoint -n demo3
$ oc get pods -n demo3 --template='{{range.items}}HostIP: {{status.hostIP}} PodID: {{.status.podIP}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}'
$ oc get pods -n demo3 -o wide
$ oc get route -n demo3
$ oc expose service <service_name>
Crear un route con una etiqeuta y un nombre
$ oc expose service <service_name> -l name=<label> --name=<route_name>
$ oc expose service <service_name> --port=<port> --protocol="<protocol>"
$ oc expose service <service_name> --path=<path>
$ oc annotate route <route> --overwrite haproxy.router.openshift.io/timeout=<timeout_unit>
$ oc annotate route <route> router.openshift.io/<cookie_name>="-<cookie_annotation>"
$ oc annotate route <route> haproxy.router.openshift.io/ip_whitelist="<ip1 ip2 ip3>"
$ oc annotate route <route> haproxy.router.openshift.io/rate-limit-connections=true
LAB:
$ oc project demo
$ oc get services
$ oc expose service ruby-hello-world -l name=hello --name=helloworld
$ oc annotate route helloworld --overwrite haproxy.router.openshift.io/timeout=5s
$ oc annotate route helloworld router.openshift.io/helloworld="-helloworld_annotation"
$ oc annotate route helloworld haproxy.route.openshift.io/rate-limit-connections=true
$ oc describe route helloworld
$ vim example-ingress.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: example
namespace: <project>
spec:
rules:
- host: example.com
http:
paths:
- path: /testpath
backend:
serviceName: test
servicePort: 80
$ oc apply -f example-ingress.yaml
LAB:
$ oc get service -n demo3
$ oc expose service django-psql-example -n demo3
$ oc get route -n demo3
django-psql-example-demo3.apps.ocplab.openshift.labdemodomain.com
$ vim demo3-ingress.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: demo3-ingress
namespace: demo3
spec:
rules:
- host: django-psql-example-demo3.apps.ocplab.openshift.labdemodomain.com
http:
paths:
- path: /demo
backend:
serviceName: postgresql
servicePort: 5432
$ oc apply -f demo-ingress.yaml
$ oc get ingress -n demo3
$ oc get routes -n demo3
$ oc describe ingress/demo3-ingress -n demo3
Crear self-signed certificate
$ openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout cert.key -out cert.crt
Remove a paddphrase from a key file
$ openssl rsa -in <password_protected_key_file>.key -out <key_file>.key
LAB:
$ openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout helloworld.key -out helloworld.crt
:US
:Ohio
:Columbis
:DoubleTap
:IT
:helloworld-demo.apps.ocplab.openshift.labdemodomain.com
:aaa@gmail.com
$ ls
$ cat helloworld.crt
$ cat helloworld.key
$ openssl rsa -in <password_protected_key_file>.key -out <key_file>.key
$ oc create route edge --service=frontend --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key --hostaname=www.example.com
Examine Route
apiVersion: v1
kind: Route
metadata:
name: frontend
spec:
host: www.example.com
to:
kind: Service
name: frontend
tls:
termination: edge
key: |-
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
[...]
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
crtificate: |-
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
[...]
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
LAB:
$ oc project demo
$ oc delete route hellowprld
$ oc get services
ruby-hello-world
$ oc create route edge helloworld --service=ruby-hello-world --cert=helloworld.crt --key=helloworld.key --hostname=helloworld-demo.apps.ocplab.openshift.laddemodomain.com
$ oc get routes
$ oc describe route helloworld
$ oc edit route helloworld
core-object-counts.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
name: core-object-counts
spec:
hard:
configmap: "10"
persistentvolumeclaims: "4"
replicationcontrollers: "20"
secrets: "10"
services: "10"
services.loadbalance: "2"
compute-resources-long-running.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
name: compute-resources-long-running
spec:
hard:
pods: "4"
limits.cpu: "4"
limits.memory: "2Gi"
limits.ephemeral-storage: "4Gi"
scope:
- NotTerminating
$ oc create -f <file> -n <project_name>
$ oc create quota <name> --hard=count/<resource>=<quota>,<resource>/<resource>=<quota>
$ oc get quota -n <project_name>
$ oc describe quota <quota_name> -n <project_name>
LAB:
$ vim compute-resources-yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
name: compute-resources-long-running
spec:
hard:
pods: "4"
limits.cpu: "4"
limits.memory: "2Gi"
limits.ephemeral-storage: "4Gi"
configmaps: "7"
secrets: "10"
services: "8"
$ oc create -f compute-resources-yaml -n demo
$ oc get quota -n demo
$ oc describe quota compute-resources -n demo
$ oc scale --replicas=<numbre> dc/<deployment_name>
$ oc scale --replicas=2 dc/ruby-hello-wolrd
$ oc autoscale dc/<deployment_name> --min <number> --max <number> --cpu-percent=<percentage>
$ oc autoscale dc/<deployment_name> --min 1 --max 5 --cpu-percent=75
LAB:
$ oc project demo
$ oc get pods
$ oc get deploymentconfig
$ oc scale --replicas=3 dc/ruby-hello-world
$ oc get deploymentconfig
$ oc scale --replicas=2 dc/ruby-hello-world
$ oc autoscale dc/ruby-hello-world --min 1 --max 4 --cpu-percent=90
$ oc get hpa
$ oc edit hpa ruby-hello-world
$ vim cpu-autoscale.yaml
apiVersion: autoscaling/v1
kind: horizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
name: cpu-autoscale
spec:
maxReplicas: 4
minReplicas: 1
scaleTargetRef:
apiVersion: apps.openshift.io/v1
kind: DeploymentConfig
name: ruby-hello-world
targetCPUUtilizationPrecentage: 90
$ oc create configmap -n openshift-config --from-file=policy.cfg <configmap>
Agregar un ConfigMar al Scheduler Operator CR
$ oc patch Scheduler cluster --type='merge' -p '{"spec":{"policy":{"name":<configmap>}}}
$ oc logs <scheduler_pod> | grep predicates
LAB:
$ vim policy.cfg
{
"kind" : "Policy",
"apiVersion" : "v1",
"predicates" : [
{"name" : "PodFitsHostPorts"},
{"name" : "PodFitsResources"},
{"name" : "NoDiskConflict"},
{"name" : "NoVolumeZoneConflict"},
{"name" : "MatchNodeSelector"},
{"name" : "MaxEBSVolumeCount"},
{"name" : "checkServiceAffinity"},
{"name" : "MaxAzureDiskAffinity"},
{"name" : "PodToleratesNodeNoExecuteTaints"},
{"name" : "MaxGCEPDVolumeCount"},
{"name" : "MatchInterPodAffinity"},
{"name" : "PodToleratesNodeTaints"},
{"name" : "HostName"}
],
"priorities" : [
{"name" : "LeastRequetedPriority", "weight",1},
{"name" : "BalacedResourceAllocation", "weight",1},
{"name" : "ServiceSpreadingPriority", "weight",1},
{"name" : "EqualPriority", "weight",1}
]
}
$ oc create configmap -n openshift-config --from-file=policy.cfg pod-scheduler-policy
$ oc patch Scheduler cluster --type='merge' -p '{"spec":{"policy":{"name":"pod-scheduler-policy"}}}}
$ oc get pods -n openshift-kube-scheduler
$ oc logs openshift-kube-scheduler-ip-10-0-142-79.ec2.interna -n openshift-kube-scheduler | grep predicates
$ oc get configmap -n openshift-config
$ oc edit configmap pod-scheduler-policy -n openshift-config
$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api
Dos maneras de escalamiento manual.
$ oc scale --replicas=2 machineset <machineset> -n openshift-machine-api
$ oc edit machineset <machineset> -n openshift-machine-api
LAB:
$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api
$ oc scale --replicas=2 machineset <el-que-mostro-el-comnado-anterior> -n openshift-machine-api
$ oc get nodes
veo dos worker
$ oc edit machineset <el-que-mostro-el-comnado-anterior> -n openshift-machine-api
Voy hasta replicas en la seccion de spec y edito el numero por ejemplo por 3
$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api
$ oc get nodes
Vemos tres worker nuevamente
$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api
Machine Autoscaler
apiVersion: "autoscaling.openshift.io/v1beta1"
kind: "MachineAutoscaler"
metadata:
name: "worker-us-east-la"
namespace: "openshift-machine-api"
spec:
minReplicas: 1
maxReplicas: 4
scaleTargetRef:
apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
name: "worker-us-east-la"
$ oc create -f <filename.yaml>
LAB:
$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api
3 master 3 worker
$ vim MachineAutoscaler.yaml
apiVersion: "autoscaling.openshift.io/v1beta1"
kind: "MachineAutoscaler"
metadata:
name: "worker-us-east-la"
namespace: "openshift-machine-api"
spec:
minReplicas: 1
maxReplicas: 4
scaleTargetRef:
apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
name: apclab-l96n4-worker-us-east-1a
$ oc create -f MachineAutoscaler.yaml
$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api
$ oc edit machineautoscaler worker-autoscaler -n openshift-machine-api
lo edito y o salvo
$oc describe machineautoscaler weorker-autoscaler -n openshift-machine-api