A collection of AWESOME papers and resources on the large language model (LLM) related recommender system topics.
😆 Please check out our survey paper for LLM-enhanced RS: How Can Recommender Systems Benefit from Large Language Models: A Survey
To catch up with the latest research progress, this repository will be actively maintained as well as our released survey paper. Newly added papers will first appear in 1.6 Paper Pending List: to be Added to Our Survey Paper section.
🚀 2024.02.05 - Paper v5 released: New release with 27-page main content & more thorough taxonomies.
Survey Paper Update Logs
- 2023.06.29 - Paper v5 released: New release with 27-page main content & more thorough taxonomies.
- 2023.06.29 - Paper v4 released: 7 papers have been newly added.
- 2023.06.28 - Paper v3 released: Fix typos.
- 2023.06.12 - Paper v2 released: Add summerization table in the appendix.
- 2023.06.09 - Paper v1 released: Initial version.
We classify papers according to where LLM will be adapted in the pipeline of RS, which is summarized in the figure below.
1.1 LLM for Feature Engineering
1.1.1 User- and Item-level Feature Augmentation
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LLM4KGC | Knowledge Graph Completion Models are Few-shot Learners: An Empirical Study of Relation Labeling in E-commerce with LLMs | PaLM (540B)/ ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| TagGPT | TagGPT: Large Language Models are Zero-shot Multimodal Taggers | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| ICPC | Large Language Models for User Interest Journeys | LaMDA (137B) | Full Finetuning/ Prompt Tuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| KAR | Towards Open-World Recommendation with Knowledge Augmentation from Large Language Models | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| PIE | Product Information Extraction using ChatGPT | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LGIR | Enhancing Job Recommendation through LLM-based Generative Adversarial Networks | GhatGLM (6B) | Frozen | AAAI 2024 | [Link] |
| GIRL | Generative Job Recommendations with Large Language Model | BELLE (7B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LLM-Rec | LLM-Rec: Personalized Recommendation via Prompting Large Language Models | text-davinci-003 | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| HKFR | Heterogeneous Knowledge Fusion: A Novel Approach for Personalized Recommendation via LLM | ChatGPT | Frozen | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| LLaMA-E | LLaMA-E: Empowering E-commerce Authoring with Multi-Aspect Instruction Following | LLaMA (30B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| EcomGPT | EcomGPT: Instruction-tuning Large Language Models with Chain-of-Task Tasks for E-commerce | BLOOMZ (7.1B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| TF-DCon | Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to Empower Training-Free Dataset Condensation for Content-Based Recommendation | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| RLMRec | Representation Learning with Large Language Models for Recommendation | ChatGPT | Frozen | WWW 2024 | [Link] |
| LLMRec | LLMRec: Large Language Models with Graph Augmentation for Recommendation | ChatGPT | Frozen | WSDM 2024 | [Link] |
| LLMRG | Enhancing Recommender Systems with Large Language Model Reasoning Graphs | GPT4 | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| CUP | Recommendations by Concise User Profiles from Review Text | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| SINGLE | Modeling User Viewing Flow using Large Language Models for Article Recommendation | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| SAGCN | Understanding Before Recommendation: Semantic Aspect-Aware Review Exploitation via Large Language Models | Vicuna (13B) | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| UEM | User Embedding Model for Personalized Language Prompting | FLAN-T5-base (250M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
| LLMHG | LLM-Guided Multi-View Hypergraph Learning for Human-Centric Explainable Recommendation | GPT4 | Frozen | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
| Llama4Rec | Integrating Large Language Models into Recommendation via Mutual Augmentation and Adaptive Aggregation | LLaMA2 (7B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
1.1.2 Instance-level Sample Generation
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GReaT | Language Models are Realistic Tabular Data Generators | GPT2-medium (355M) | Full Finetuning | ICLR 2023 | [Link] |
| ONCE | ONCE: Boosting Content-based Recommendation with Both Open- and Closed-source Large Language Models | ChatGPT | Frozen | WSDM 2024 | [Link] |
| AnyPredict | AnyPredict: Foundation Model for Tabular Prediction | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| DPLLM | Privacy-Preserving Recommender Systems with Synthetic Query Generation using Differentially Private Large Language Models | T5-XL (3B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| MINT | Large Language Model Augmented Narrative Driven Recommendations | text-davinci-003 | Frozen | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| Agent4Rec | On Generative Agents in Recommendation | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| RecPrompt | RecPrompt: A Prompt Tuning Framework for News Recommendation Using Large Language Models | GPT4 | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| PO4ISR | Large Language Models for Intent-Driven Session Recommendations | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| BEQUE | Large Language Model based Long-tail Query Rewriting in Taobao Search | ChatGLM (6B) | FFT | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Agent4Ranking | Agent4Ranking: Semantic Robust Ranking via Personalized Query Rewriting Using Multi-agent LLM | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
1.2 LLM as Feature Encoder
1.2.1 Representation Enhancement
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U-BERT | U-BERT: Pre-training User Representations for Improved Recommendation | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | AAAI 2021 | [Link] |
| UNBERT | UNBERT: User-News Matching BERT for News Recommendation | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | IJCAI 2021 | [Link] |
| PLM-NR | Empowering News Recommendation with Pre-trained Language Models | RoBERTa-base (125M) | Full Finetuning | SIGIR 2021 | [Link] |
| Pyramid-ERNIE | Pre-trained Language Model based Ranking in Baidu Search | ERNIE (110M) | Full Finetuning | KDD 2021 | [Link] |
| ERNIE-RS | Pre-trained Language Model for Web-scale Retrieval in Baidu Search | ERNIE (110M) | Full Finetuning | KDD 2021 | [Link] |
| CTR-BERT | CTR-BERT: Cost-effective knowledge distillation for billion-parameter teacher models | Customized BERT (1.5B) | Full Finetuning | ENLSP 2021 | [Link] |
| SuKD | Learning Supplementary NLP Features for CTR Prediction in Sponsored Search | RoBERTa-large (355M) | Full Finetuning | KDD 2022 | [Link] |
| PREC | Boosting Deep CTR Prediction with a Plug-and-Play Pre-trainer for News Recommendation | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | COLING 2022 | [Link] |
| MM-Rec | MM-Rec: Visiolinguistic Model Empowered Multimodal News Recommendation | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | SIGIR 2022 | [Link] |
| Tiny-NewsRec | Tiny-NewsRec: Effective and Efficient PLM-based News Recommendation | UniLMv2-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | EMNLP 2022 | [Link] |
| PLM4Tag | PTM4Tag: Sharpening Tag Recommendation of Stack Overflow Posts with Pre-trained Models | CodeBERT (125M) | Full Finetuning | ICPC 2022 | [Link] |
| TwHIN-BERT | TwHIN-BERT: A Socially-Enriched Pre-trained Language Model for Multilingual Tweet Representations | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2022 | [Link] |
| LSH | Improving Code Example Recommendations on Informal Documentation Using BERT and Query-Aware LSH: A Comparative Study | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LLM2BERT4Rec | Leveraging Large Language Models for Sequential Recommendation | text-embedding-ada-002 | Frozen | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| LLM4ARec | Prompt Tuning Large Language Models on Personalized Aspect Extraction for Recommendations | GPT2 (110M) | Prompt Tuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| TIGER | Recommender Systems with Generative Retrieval | Sentence-T5-base (223M) | Frozen | NIPS 2023 | [Link] |
| TBIN | TBIN: Modeling Long Textual Behavior Data for CTR Prediction | BERT-base (110M) | Frozen | DLP-RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| LKPNR | LKPNR: LLM and KG for Personalized News Recommendation Framework | LLaMA2 (7B) | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| SSNA | Towards Efficient and Effective Adaptation of Large Language Models for Sequential Recommendation | DistilRoBERTa-base (83M) | Layerwise Adapter Tuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| CollabContext | Collaborative Contextualization: Bridging the Gap between Collaborative Filtering and Pre-trained Language Model | Instructor-XL (1.5B) | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LMIndexer | Language Models As Semantic Indexers | T5-base (223M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Stack | A BERT based Ensemble Approach for Sentiment Classification of Customer Reviews and its Application to Nudge Marketing in e-Commerce | BERT-base (110M) | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Utilizing Language Models for Tour Itinerary Recommendation | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | PMAI@IJCAI 2023 | [Link] |
| UEM | User Embedding Model for Personalized Language Prompting | Sentence-T5-base (223M) | Frozen | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
| Social-LLM | Social-LLM: Modeling User Behavior at Scale using Language Models and Social Network Data | SBERT-MPNet-base (110M) | Frozen | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
| LLMRS | LLMRS: Unlocking Potentials of LLM-Based Recommender Systems for Software Purchase | MPNet (110M) | Frozen | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
1.2.2 Unified Cross-domain Recommendation
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZESRec | Zero-Shot Recommender Systems | BERT-base (110M) | Frozen | Arxiv 2021 | [Link] |
| UniSRec | Towards Universal Sequence Representation Learning for Recommender Systems | BERT-base (110M) | Frozen | KDD 2022 | [Link] |
| TransRec | TransRec: Learning Transferable Recommendation from Mixture-of-Modality Feedback | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2022 | [Link] |
| VQ-Rec | Learning Vector-Quantized Item Representation for Transferable Sequential Recommenders | BERT-base (110M) | Frozen | WWW 2023 | [Link] |
| IDRec vs MoRec | Where to Go Next for Recommender Systems? ID- vs. Modality-based Recommender Models Revisited | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | SIGIR 2023 | [Link] |
| TransRec | Exploring Adapter-based Transfer Learning for Recommender Systems: Empirical Studies and Practical Insights | RoBERTa-base (125M) | Layerwise Adapter Tuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| TCF | Exploring the Upper Limits of Text-Based Collaborative Filtering Using Large Language Models: Discoveries and Insights | OPT-175B (175B) | Frozen/ Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| S&R Foundation | An Unified Search and Recommendation Foundation Model for Cold-Start Scenario | ChatGLM (6B) | Frozen | CIKM 2023 | [Link] |
| MISSRec | MISSRec: Pre-training and Transferring Multi-modal Interest-aware Sequence Representation for Recommendation | CLIP-B/32 (400M) | Full Finetuning | MM 2023 | [Link] |
| UFIN | UFIN: Universal Feature Interaction Network for Multi-Domain Click-Through Rate Prediction | FLAN-T5-base (250M) | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| PMMRec | Multi-Modality is All You Need for Transferable Recommender Systems | RoBERTa-large (355M) | Top-2-layer Finetuning | ICDE 2024 | [Link] |
| Uni-CTR | A Unified Framework for Multi-Domain CTR Prediction via Large Language Models | Sheared-LLaMA (1.3B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
1.3 LLM as Scoring/Ranking Function
1.3.1 Item Scoring Task
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LMRecSys | Language Models as Recommender Systems: Evaluations and Limitations | GPT2-XL (1.5B) | Full Finetuning | ICBINB 2021 | [Link] |
| PTab | PTab: Using the Pre-trained Language Model for Modeling Tabular Data | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2022 | [Link] |
| UniTRec | UniTRec: A Unified Text-to-Text Transformer and Joint Contrastive Learning Framework for Text-based Recommendation | BART (406M) | Full Finetuning | ACL 2023 | [Link] |
| Prompt4NR | Prompt Learning for News Recommendation | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | SIGIR 2023 | [Link] |
| RecFormer | Text Is All You Need: Learning Language Representations for Sequential Recommendation | LongFormer (149M) | Full Finetuning | KDD 2023 | [Link] |
| TabLLM | TabLLM: Few-shot Classification of Tabular Data with Large Language Models | T0 (11B) | Few-shot Parameter-effiecnt Finetuning | AISTATS 2023 | [Link] |
| Zero-shot GPT | Zero-Shot Recommendation as Language Modeling | GPT2-medium (355M) | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| FLAN-T5 | Do LLMs Understand User Preferences? Evaluating LLMs On User Rating Prediction | FLAN-5-XXL (11B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| BookGPT | BookGPT: A General Framework for Book Recommendation Empowered by Large Language Model | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| TALLRec | TALLRec: An Effective and Efficient Tuning Framework to Align Large Language Model with Recommendation | LLaMA (7B) | LoRA | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| PBNR | PBNR: Prompt-based News Recommender System | T5-small (60M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| CR-SoRec | CR-SoRec: BERT driven Consistency Regularization for Social Recommendation | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| PromptRec | Towards Personalized Cold-Start Recommendation with Prompts | LLaMA (7B) | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| GLRec | Exploring Large Language Model for Graph Data Understanding in Online Job Recommendations | BELLE-LLaMA (7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| BERT4CTR | BERT4CTR: An Efficient Framework to Combine Pre-trained Language Model with Non-textual Features for CTR Prediction | RoBERTa-large (355M) | Full Finetuning | KDD 2023 | [Link] |
| ReLLa | ReLLa: Retrieval-enhanced Large Language Models for Lifelong Sequential Behavior Comprehension in Recommendation | Vicuna (13B) | LoRA | WWW 2024 | [Link] |
| TASTE | Text Matching Improves Sequential Recommendation by Reducing Popularity Biases | T5-base (223M) | Full Finetuning | CIKM 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Unveiling Challenging Cases in Text-based Recommender Systems | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | RecSys Workshop 2023 | [Link] |
| ClickPrompt | ClickPrompt: CTR Models are Strong Prompt Generators for Adapting Language Models to CTR Prediction | RoBERTa-large (355M) | Full Finetuning | WWW 2024 | [Link] |
| SetwiseRank | A Setwise Approach for Effective and Highly Efficient Zero-shot Ranking with Large Language Models | FLAN-T5-XXL (11B) | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| UPSR | Thoroughly Modeling Multi-domain Pre-trained Recommendation as Language | T5-base (223M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LLM-Rec | One Model for All: Large Language Models are Domain-Agnostic Recommendation Systems | OPT (6.7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LLMRanker | Beyond Yes and No: Improving Zero-Shot LLM Rankers via Scoring Fine-Grained Relevance Labels | FLAN PaLM2 S | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| CoLLM | CoLLM: Integrating Collaborative Embeddings into Large Language Models for Recommendation | Vicuna (7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| FLIP | FLIP: Towards Fine-grained Alignment between ID-based Models and Pretrained Language Models for CTR Prediction | RoBERTa-large (355M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| BTRec | BTRec: BERT-Based Trajectory Recommendation for Personalized Tours | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| CLLM4Rec | Collaborative Large Language Model for Recommender Systems | GPT2 (110M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| CUP | Recommendations by Concise User Profiles from Review Text | BERT-base (110M) | Last-layer Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Instruction Distillation Makes Large Language Models Efficient Zero-shot Rankers | FLAN-T5-XL (3B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| CoWPiRec | Collaborative Word-based Pre-trained Item Representation for Transferable Recommendation | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | ICDM 2023 | [Link] |
| RecExplainer | RecExplainer: Aligning Large Language Models for Recommendation Model Interpretability | Vicuna-v1.3 (7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| E4SRec | E4SRec: An Elegant Effective Efficient Extensible Solution of Large Language Models for Sequential Recommendation | LLaMA2 (13B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| CER | The Problem of Coherence in Natural Language Explanations of Recommendations | GPT2 (110M) | Full Finetuning | ECAI 2023 | [Link] |
| LSAT | Preliminary Study on Incremental Learning for Large Language Model-based Recommender Systems | LLaMA (7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Llama4Rec | Integrating Large Language Models into Recommendation via Mutual Augmentation and Adaptive Aggregation | LLaMA2 (7B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
1.3.2 Item Generation Task
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPT4Rec | GPT4Rec: A Generative Framework for Personalized Recommendation and User Interests Interpretation | GPT2 (110M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| VIP5 | VIP5: Towards Multimodal Foundation Models for Recommendation | T5-base (223M) | Layerwise Adater Tuning | EMNLP 2023 | [Link] |
| P5-ID | How to Index Item IDs for Recommendation Foundation Models | T5-small (60M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| FaiRLLM | Is ChatGPT Fair for Recommendation? Evaluating Fairness in Large Language Model Recommendation | ChatGPT | Frozen | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| PALR | PALR: Personalization Aware LLMs for Recommendation | LLaMA (7B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| ChatGPT | Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Rankers for Recommender Systems | ChatGPT | Frozen | ECIR 2024 | [Link] |
| AGR | Sparks of Artificial General Recommender (AGR): Early Experiments with ChatGPT | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| NIR | Zero-Shot Next-Item Recommendation using Large Pretrained Language Models | GPT3 (175B) | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| GPTRec | Generative Sequential Recommendation with GPTRec | GPT2-medium (355M) | Full Finetuning | Gen-IR@SIGIR 2023 | [Link] |
| ChatNews | A Preliminary Study of ChatGPT on News Recommendation: Personalization, Provider Fairness, Fake News | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Large Language Models are Competitive Near Cold-start Recommenders for Language- and Item-based Preferences | PaLM (62B) | Frozen | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| LLMSeqPrompt | Leveraging Large Language Models for Sequential Recommendation | OpenAI ada model | Finetune | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| GenRec | GenRec: Large Language Model for Generative Recommendation | LLaMA (7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| UP5 | UP5: Unbiased Foundation Model for Fairness-aware Recommendation | T5-base (223M) | Prefix Tuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| HKFR | Heterogeneous Knowledge Fusion: A Novel Approach for Personalized Recommendation via LLM | ChatGLM (6B) | LoRA | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | The Unequal Opportunities of Large Language Models: Revealing Demographic Bias through Job Recommendations | ChatGPT | Frozen | EAAMO 2023 | [Link] |
| BIGRec | A Bi-Step Grounding Paradigm for Large Language Models in Recommendation Systems | LLaMA (7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| KP4SR | Knowledge Prompt-tuning for Sequential Recommendation | T5-small (60M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| RecSysLLM | Leveraging Large Language Models for Pre-trained Recommender Systems | GLM (10B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| POD | Prompt Distillation for Efficient LLM-based Recommendation | T5-small (60M) | Full Finetuning | CIKM 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Evaluating ChatGPT as a Recommender System: A Rigorous Approach | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| RaRS | Retrieval-augmented Recommender System: Enhancing Recommender Systems with Large Language Models | ChatGPT | Frozen | RecSys Doctoral Symposium 2023 | [Link] |
| JobRecoGPT | JobRecoGPT -- Explainable job recommendations using LLMs | GPT4 | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LANCER | Reformulating Sequential Recommendation: Learning Dynamic User Interest with Content-enriched Language Modeling | GPT2 (110M) | Prefix Tuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| TransRec | A Multi-facet Paradigm to Bridge Large Language Model and Recommendation | LLaMA (7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| AgentCF | AgentCF: Collaborative Learning with Autonomous Language Agents for Recommender Systems | text-davinci-003 & gpt-3.5-turbo | Frozen | WWW 2024 | [Link] |
| P4LM | Factual and Personalized Recommendations using Language Models and Reinforcement Learning | PaLM2-XS | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| InstructMK | Multiple Key-value Strategy in Recommendation Systems Incorporating Large Language Model | LLaMA (7B) | Full Finetuning | CIKM GenRec 2023 | [Link] |
| LightLM | LightLM: A Lightweight Deep and Narrow Language Model for Generative Recommendation | T5-small (60M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LlamaRec | LlamaRec: Two-Stage Recommendation using Large Language Models for Ranking | LLaMA2 (7B) | QLoRA | PGAI@CIKM 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Exploring Recommendation Capabilities of GPT-4V(ision): A Preliminary Case Study | GPT-4V | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Exploring Fine-tuning ChatGPT for News Recommendation | ChatGPT | gpt-3.5-turbo finetuning API | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Do LLMs Implicitly Exhibit User Discrimination in Recommendation? An Empirical Study | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LC-Rec | Adapting Large Language Models by Integrating Collaborative Semantics for Recommendation | LLaMA (7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| DOKE | Knowledge Plugins: Enhancing Large Language Models for Domain-Specific Recommendations | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| ControlRec | ControlRec: Bridging the Semantic Gap between Language Model and Personalized Recommendation | T5-base (223M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LLaRA | LLaRA: Aligning Large Language Models with Sequential Recommenders | LLaMA2 (7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| PO4ISR | Large Language Models for Intent-Driven Session Recommendations | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| DRDT | DRDT: Dynamic Reflection with Divergent Thinking for LLM-based Sequential Recommendation | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| RecPrompt | RecPrompt: A Prompt Tuning Framework for News Recommendation Using Large Language Models | GPT4 | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| LiT5 | Scaling Down, LiTting Up: Efficient Zero-Shot Listwise Reranking with Seq2seq Encoder-Decoder Models | T5-XL (3B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| STELLA | Large Language Models are Not Stable Recommender Systems | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Llama4Rec | Integrating Large Language Models into Recommendation via Mutual Augmentation and Adaptive Aggregation | LLaMA2 (7B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
1.3.3 Hybrid Task
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P5 | Recommendation as Language Processing (RLP): A Unified Pretrain, Personalized Prompt & Predict Paradigm (P5) | T5-base (223M) | Full Finetuning | RecSys 2022 | [Link] |
| M6-Rec | M6-Rec: Generative Pretrained Language Models are Open-Ended Recommender Systems | M6-base (300M) | Option Tuning | Arxiv 2022 | [Link] |
| InstructRec | Recommendation as Instruction Following: A Large Language Model Empowered Recommendation Approach | FLAN-T5-XL (3B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| ChatGPT | Is ChatGPT a Good Recommender? A Preliminary Study | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| ChatGPT | Is ChatGPT Good at Search? Investigating Large Language Models as Re-Ranking Agent | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| ChatGPT | Uncovering ChatGPT's Capabilities in Recommender Systems | ChatGPT | Frozen | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
| BDLM | Bridging the Information Gap Between Domain-Specific Model and General LLM for Personalized Recommendation | Vicuna (7B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| RecRanker | RecRanker: Instruction Tuning Large Language Model as Ranker for Top-k Recommendation | LLaMA2 (13B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
1.4 LLM for User Interaction
1.4.1 Task-oriented User Interaction
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TG-ReDial | Towards Topic-Guided Conversational Recommender System | BERT-base (110M) & GPT2 (110M) | Unknown | COLING 2020 | [Link] |
| TCP | Follow Me: Conversation Planning for Target-driven Recommendation Dialogue Systems | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2022 | [Link] |
| MESE | Improving Conversational Recommendation Systems' Quality with Context-Aware Item Meta-Information | DistilBERT (67M) & GPT2 (110M) | Full Finetuning | ACL 2022 | [Link] |
| UniMIND | A Unified Multi-task Learning Framework for Multi-goal Conversational Recommender Systems | BART-base (139M) | Full Finetuning | ACM TOIS 2023 | [Link] |
| VRICR | Variational Reasoning over Incomplete Knowledge Graphs for Conversational Recommendation | BERT-base (110M) | Full Finetuning | WSDM 2023 | [Link] |
| KECR | Explicit Knowledge Graph Reasoning for Conversational Recommendation | BERT-base (110M) & GPT2 (110M) | Frozen | ACM TIST 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Large Language Models as Zero-Shot Conversational Recommenders | GPT4 | Frozen | CIKM 2023 | [Link] |
| MuseChat | MuseChat: A Conversational Music Recommendation System for Videos | Vicuna (7B) | LoRA | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Conversational Recommender System and Large Language Model Are Made for Each Other in E-commerce Pre-sales Dialogue | Chinese-Alpaca (7B) | LoRA | EMNLP 2023 Findings | [Link] |
1.4.2 Open-ended User Interaction
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BARCOR | BARCOR: Towards A Unified Framework for Conversational Recommendation Systems | BART-base (139M) | Selective-layer Finetuning | Arxiv 2022 | [Link] |
| RecInDial | RecInDial: A Unified Framework for Conversational Recommendation with Pretrained Language Models | DialoGPT (110M) | Full Finetuning | AACL 2022 | [Link] |
| UniCRS | Towards Unified Conversational Recommender Systems via Knowledge-Enhanced Prompt Learning | DialoGPT-small (176M) | Frozen | KDD 2022 | [Link] |
| T5-CR | Multi-Task End-to-End Training Improves Conversational Recommendation | T5-base (223M) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| TtW | Talk the Walk: Synthetic Data Generation for Conversational Music Recommendation | T5-base (223M) & T5-XXL (11B) | Full Finetuning & Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| N/A | Rethinking the Evaluation for Conversational Recommendation in the Era of Large Language Models | ChatGPT | Frozen | EMNLP 2023 | [Link] |
1.5 LLM for RS Pipeline Controller
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chat-REC | Chat-REC: Towards Interactive and Explainable LLMs-Augmented Recommender System | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| RecLLM | Leveraging Large Language Models in Conversational Recommender Systems | LLaMA (7B) | Full Finetuning | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| RAH | RAH! RecSys-Assistant-Human: A Human-Central Recommendation Framework with Large Language Models | GPT4 | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| RecMind | RecMind: Large Language Model Powered Agent For Recommendation | ChatGPT | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| InteRecAgent | Recommender AI Agent: Integrating Large Language Models for Interactive Recommendations | GPT4 | Frozen | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| CORE | Lending Interaction Wings to Recommender Systems with Conversational Agents | N/A | N/A | NIPS 2023 | [Link] |
1.6 Other Related Papers
1.6.1 Related Survey Papers
| Paper | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|
| Foundation Models for Recommender Systems: A Survey and New Perspectives | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
| Prompting Large Language Models for Recommender Systems: A Comprehensive Framework and Empirical Analysis | Arixv 2024 | [Link] |
| User Modeling in the Era of Large Language Models: Current Research and Future Directions | IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 2023 | [Link] |
| A Survey on Large Language Models for Personalized and Explainable Recommendations | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Large Language Models for Generative Recommendation: A Survey and Visionary Discussions | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Large Language Models for Information Retrieval: A Survey | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| When Large Language Models Meet Personalization: Perspectives of Challenges and Opportunities | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Recommender Systems in the Era of Large Language Models (LLMs) | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| A Survey on Large Language Models for Recommendation | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Pre-train, Prompt and Recommendation: A Comprehensive Survey of Language Modelling Paradigm Adaptations in Recommender Systems | TACL 2023 | [Link] |
| Self-Supervised Learning for Recommender Systems: A Survey | TKDE 2022 | [Link] |
1.6.2 Other Papers
| Paper | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|
| Large Language Model Can Interpret Latent Space of Sequential Recommender | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Zero-Shot Recommendations with Pre-Trained Large Language Models for Multimodal Nudging | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| INTERS: Unlocking the Power of Large Language Models in Search with Instruction Tuning | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
| Evaluation of Synthetic Datasets for Conversational Recommender Systems | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Generative Recommendation: Towards Next-generation Recommender Paradigm | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Towards Personalized Prompt-Model Retrieval for Generative Recommendation | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Generative Next-Basket Recommendation | RecSys 2023 | [Link] |
1.7 Paper Pending List: to be Added to Our Survey Paper
| Name | Paper | LLM Backbone (Largest) | LLM Tuning Strategy | Publication | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Large Language Model Enhanced Conversational Recommender System | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] | |||
| Improving Conversational Recommendation Systems via Bias Analysis and Language-Model-Enhanced Data Augmentation | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] | |||
| Knowledge Graphs and Pre-trained Language Models enhanced Representation Learning for Conversational Recommender Systems | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] | |||
| Unlocking the Potential of Large Language Models for Explainable Recommendations | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] | |||
| The Challenge of Using LLMs to Simulate Human Behavior: A Causal Inference Perspective | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] | |||
| Empowering Few-Shot Recommender Systems with Large Language Models -- Enhanced Representations | IEEE Access | [Link] | |||
| dIR -- Discrete Information Retrieval: Conversational Search over Unstructured (and Structured) Data with Large Language Models | Arxiv 2023 | [Link] | |||
| Logic-Scaffolding | Logic-Scaffolding: Personalized Aspect-Instructed Recommendation Explanation Generation using LLMs | Falcon (40B) | Frozen | WSDM 2024 | [Link] |
| Unveiling Bias in Fairness Evaluations of Large Language Models: A Critical Literature Review of Music and Movie Recommendation Systems | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| ChatGPT for Conversational Recommendation: Refining Recommendations by Reprompting with Feedback | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Combining Embedding-Based and Semantic-Based Models for Post-hoc Explanations in Recommender Systems | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Understanding Biases in ChatGPT-based Recommender Systems: Provider Fairness, Temporal Stability, and Recency | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| LLM4Vis: Explainable Visualization Recommendation using ChatGPT | EMNLP 2023 | [Link] | |||
| Parameter-Efficient Conversational Recommender System as a Language Processing Task | EACL 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Data-efficient Fine-tuning for LLM-based Recommendation | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Prompt-enhanced Federated Content Representation Learning for Cross-domain Recommendation | WWW 2024 | [Link] | |||
| LoRec: Large Language Model for Robust Sequential Recommendation against Poisoning Attacks | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| PAP-REC: Personalized Automatic Prompt for Recommendation Language Model | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| From PARIS to LE-PARIS: Toward Patent Response Automation with Recommender Systems and Collaborative Large Language Models | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Improving Sequential Recommendations with LLMs | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| A Multi-Agent Conversational Recommender System | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| TransFR: Transferable Federated Recommendation with Pre-trained Language Models | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Large Language Model Distilling Medication Recommendation Model | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Uncertainty-Aware Explainable Recommendation with Large Language Models | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Natural Language User Profiles for Transparent and Scrutable Recommendations | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Leveraging LLMs for Unsupervised Dense Retriever Ranking | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| RA-Rec: An Efficient ID Representation Alignment Framework for LLM-based Recommendation | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| A Multi-Agent Conversational Recommender System | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Fairly Evaluating Large Language Model-based Recommendation Needs Revisit the Cross-Entropy Loss | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| SearchAgent: A Lightweight Collaborative Search Agent with Large Language Models | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Large Language Model Interaction Simulator for Cold-Start Item Recommendation | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Enhancing ID and Text Fusion via Alternative Training in Session-based Recommendation | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| eCeLLM: Generalizing Large Language Models for E-commerce from Large-scale, High-quality Instruction Data | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| LLM-Enhanced User-Item Interactions: Leveraging Edge Information for Optimized Recommendations | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| LLM-based Federated Recommendation | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Rethinking Large Language Model Architectures for Sequential Recommendations | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Large Language Model with Graph Convolution for Recommendation | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Rec-GPT4V: Multimodal Recommendation with Large Vision-Language Models | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Enhancing Recommendation Diversity by Re-ranking with Large Language Models | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Are ID Embeddings Necessary? Whitening Pre-trained Text Embeddings for Effective Sequential Recommendation | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| SPAR: Personalized Content-Based Recommendation via Long Engagement Attention | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Cognitive Personalized Search Integrating Large Language Models with an Efficient Memory Mechanism | WWW 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Large Language Models as Data Augmenters for Cold-Start Item Recommendation | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Explain then Rank: Scale Calibration of Neural Rankers Using Natural Language Explanations from Large Language Models | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| LLM4SBR: A Lightweight and Effective Framework for Integrating Large Language Models in Session-based Recommendation | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| Breaking the Barrier: Utilizing Large Language Models for Industrial Recommendation Systems through an Inferential Knowledge Graph | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] | |||
| User-LLM: Efficient LLM Contextualization with User Embeddings | Arxiv 2024 | [Link] |
The datasets & benchmarks for LLM-related RS topics should maintain the original semantic/textual features, instead of anonymous feature IDs.
| Dataset | RS Scenario | Link |
|---|---|---|
| Reddit-Movie | Conversational & Movie | [Link] |
| Amazon-M2 | E-commerce | [Link] |
| MovieLens | Movie | [Link] |
| Amazon | E-commerce | [Link] |
| BookCrossing | Book | [Link] |
| GoodReads | Book | [Link] |
| Anime | Anime | [Link] |
| PixelRec | Short Video | [Link] |
| Netflix | Movie | [Link] |
| Benchmarks | Webcite Link | Paper |
|---|---|---|
| Amazon-M2 (KDD Cup 2023) | [Link] | [Paper] |
| LLMRec | [Link] | [Paper] |
| OpenP5 | [Link] | [Paper] |
| TABLET | [Link] | [Paper] |
| Repo Name | Maintainer |
|---|---|
| rs-llm-paper-list | wwliu555 |
| awesome-recommend-system-pretraining-papers | archersama |
| LLM4Rec | WLiK |
| Awesome-LLM4RS-Papers | nancheng58 |
| LLM4IR-Survey | RUC-NLPIR |
👍 Welcome to contribute to this repository.
If you have come across relevant resources or found some errors in this repesitory, feel free to open an issue or submit a pull request.
Contact: chiangel [DOT] ljh [AT] gmail [DOT] com
@article{lin2023can,
title={How Can Recommender Systems Benefit from Large Language Models: A Survey},
author={Lin, Jianghao and Dai, Xinyi and Xi, Yunjia and Liu, Weiwen and Chen, Bo and Li, Xiangyang and Zhu, Chenxu and Guo, Huifeng and Yu, Yong and Tang, Ruiming and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.05817},
year={2023}
}