descriptions-of-it-technologies / terminal-commands

Terminal Commands.

Contents at a Glance.

• About.
• Documentation.
• General.
• Ports.
• Process Management.
• Navigation.
• File Management.
• Directory Management.
• curl
• Permission.
• Iptables Management.
• Ip6tables Management.
• Search.
• System and Service Managements.
• Log Managements.
• Group Managements.
• Alias.
• Git Commands.
• Maven Commands.
• Kubernetes Commands.
• Articles.
• Conferences.
• Conference Speakers.
• Tmx Terminal.
• Help.

About.

Documentation.

• Ubuntu Manual.
• systemctl

Sort this commands.

Key/Command	Description
sed -i '/swap/d' /etc/fstab
swapoff -a
sysctl --system
scp
watch [Command]
uname -r
ip a
ip a s	less
echo -n 'somevalue'	base64
lsb_release -dirc
alias [nameAlias]="commandAlisa"
pulseaudio -k	“Dummy Output” No sound in Ubuntu
id
dive
nc -z -v -w 1 [nameService] [portNumber]
hostname [hostname]	Change hostname.
hostname -I
ip a
man [someCommand]	Show manual of command.
sudo apt-cache show [nameApp]
printenv

sudo touch /etc/profile.d/environment_variable.sh

> - Write to the file >> - Append to the file

General.

Key/Command	Description
sudo [command]	Run command with the security privileges of the superuser (Super User DO).
pwd	Full path to working directory.
cat	Concatenate to screen.
clear	Clears the screen.
top	Displays active processes. Press q to quit.
htop	Displays active processes. Press q to quit.
tree
open [file]	Opens a file (as if you double clicked it).
reset	Resets the terminal display.
alias	Show all alias.
history	Show history.
whoami	Show currently user used.
which [nameApp]	Linux which command is used to identify the location of a given executable that is executed when you type the executable name (command) in the terminal prompt.
lsblk
df -h
free -h	Show RAM memory. Human-readable.
free -m	Show RAM memory.
nproc	Number of CPU.
uptime	Show time of operating system.
dpkg -L [namePackage]	Shows you what files the package installed.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get full-upgrade
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean

• echo "export PATH=$PATH:/pathToExecutableFile" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
• echo -n 'someValue' | base64
• echo -n 'encodedValue' | base64 --decode

WIFI.

Key/Command	Description
nmcli d wifi list
nmcli c	To see a list of all saved connections
nmcli radio wifi on
nmcli radio wifi off
nmcli d wifi connect wifiName password passwordValue
nmcli d wifi connect wifiName
nmcli -a d wifi connect wifiName
nmcli --ask d wifi connect wifiName
nmcli d wifi list --rescan yes
nmcli c delete wifiName	To forget a connection (that was saved after you ran nmcli -a d wifi connect )

cyberghostvpn

• cyberghostvpn --traffic --country-code coyntryCode - list countries
• cyberghostvpn --traffic --country-code coyntryCode --city - list cities
• cyberghostvpn --traffic --country-code coyntryCode --city cityName --server - list servers
• cyberghostvpn --traffic --country-code coyntryCode --city cityName --server serverInstanceName --connect
• cyberghostvpn --status
• cyberghostvpn --stop

SSH.

Key/Command	Description
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id [nameUser]@[ipAddress]	Copy ssh keys to dedicated server.

Users.

Key/Command	Description
useradd [nameUser]	Add new user.
passwd [nameUser]	Change password of user.
usermod -aG [nameGroup] [nameUser]	Add user to the group.

Ports.

Key/Command	Description
sudo lsof -i -P -n	grep LISTEN
sudo lsof -i -P -n
sudo lsof -i:[numberPort]
sudo fuser -k [portNumber]/tcp
sudo fuser [portNumber]/tcp
netstat -tulpn	grep LISTEN
netstat -nltp	grep [nameApp]

Process Management.

Key/Command	Description
ps
ps -a	Show list of processes.
ps -ef	Show list of processes.
ps aux	Show list of processes.
killall [nameProcess]	Kill process by name.
pkill -f 'java -jar'
jps	Java Virtual Machine Process Status Tool.
jps -l
jps -v
lsof -i :8080
kill $(lsof -t -i :8080)
pkill -f 'bazel'
ps -ef	grep -iwc bazel

ps -ef | grep [nameProcess] ps -a | grep [nameProcess] Show process by name.

Navigation.

Key/Command	Description
cd [folder]	Change directory e.g. cd Documents.
cd [path]	Change directory e.g. cd /home/user/Documents.
cd	Home directory.
cd ~	Home directory.
cd /	Root of drive.
cd ..	Previous directory.
cd ../../	Move 2 levels up.
ls	Short listing.
ls -l	Long listing.
ls -a	Listing incl. hidden files.
ls -la	Long listing incl. hidden files.
ls -lh	Long listing with Human readable file sizes.
ls -lah
ls -R	Entire content of folder recursively.
ll
la
colorls
colorls -a
colorls -la

File Management.

Key/Command	Description
touch [file]	Create a new file.
rm [file]	Remove a file, e.g. rm data.tmp.
rm -i [file]	Remove with confirmation.
rm -f [file]	Force removal without confirmation.
cp [file] [newFileName]	Copy file to file.
cp [file] [dir]	Copy file to directory.
mv [file] [newFileName]	Move/Rename, e.g. mv file1.ad /tmp.
less [file]	Output file content delivered in screensize chunks.
find . -name	Finding Nested Files.

Directory Management.

Key/Command	Description
mkdir [dir]	Create new directory.
mkdir -p [dir]/[dir]	Create nested directories.
rmdir [dir]	Remove directory (only operates on empty directories).
rm -R [dir]	Remove directory and contents.
rm -r [dir]	Remove a directory and contents.
rm -rf [dir]	Force removal a directory and contents.
du -sch ./*	Current Directory Size
du -ah -d 1
du -h -d 1

curl

Key/Command	Description
-#, --progress-bar	Make curl display a simple progress bar instead of the more informational standard meter.
-b, --cookie <name=data>	Supply cookie with request. If no =, then specifies the cookie file to use (see -c).
-c, --cookie-jar	File to save response cookies to.
-d, --data	Send specified data in POST request. Details provided below.
-f, --fail	Fail silently (don't output HTML error form if returned).
-F, --form <name=content>	Submit form data.
-H, --header	Headers to supply with request.
-i, --include	Include HTTP headers in the output.
-I, --head	Fetch headers only.
-k, --insecure	Allow insecure connections to succeed.
-L, --location	Follow redirects.
-o, --output	Write output to . Can use --create-dirs in conjunction with this to create any directories specified in the -o path.
-O, --remote-name	Write output to file named like the remote file (only writes to current directory).
-s, --silent	Silent (quiet) mode. Use with -S to force it to show errors.
-v, --verbose	Provide more information (useful for debugging).
-w, --write-out	Make curl display information on stdout after a completed transfer. See man page for more details on available variables. Convenient way to force curl to append a newline to output: -w "\n" (can add to ~/.curlrc).
-X, --request	The request method to use.

• curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET http://localhost:8080
• curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST http://localhost:8080
• curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X PATCH http://localhost:8080
• curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X DELETE http://localhost:8080
• curl -d '{"key1":"value1", "key2":"value2"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST http://localhost:8080

Permission.

Key/Command	Description
chmod +x [file]	Give permission to execute the file.
chown -R [userName]:[groupName] [path]	Add permissions to folder or file.
chown -R [userName]:[groupName] [path] -R	Add permissions recursively to folder or file.

Iptables Management.

Key/Command	Description
sudo iptables-save	View the current configuration for IPv4.
sudo ip6tables-save	View the current configuration for IPv6.
sudo vim /etc/network/if-up.d/iptables-rules	Create a script with a dump of iptables rules.
sudo chmod +x /etc/network/if-up.d/iptables-rules	We make the iptables script executable.
sudo /etc/network/if-up.d/iptables-rules	Load the iptables rules.
sudo iptables -L	Show list of rules.

Ip6tables Management.

Key/Command	Description
sudo ip6tables-save	View the current configuration for IPv6.
sudo vim /etc/network/if-up.d/ip6tables-rules	Create a script with a dump of ip6tables rules.
sudo chmod +x /etc/network/if-up.d/ip6tables-rules	We make the ip6tables script executable.
sudo /etc/network/if-up.d/ip6tables-rules	Load the ip6tables rules.

Python.

Key/Command	Description
python --version
python2 --version
python3 --version
python -V
python2 -V
python3 -V
pip3 --version
ls /usr/bin/python*	Check what python versions are available on your Ubuntu system.
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2 1	Set Python alternatives.
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 2	Set Python alternatives.
sudo update-alternatives --list python	Check if you already have some python alternatives configured.
sudo update-alternatives --config python	Change to alternative python version.

Search.

Key/Command	Description
find [dir] -name [search_pattern]	Search for files, e.g. find /Users -name "file.txt".
grep [search_pattern] [file]	Search for all lines that contain the pattern, e.g. grep "Tom" file.txt.
grep -r [search_pattern] [dir]	Recursively search in all files in specified directory for all lines that contain the pattern.
grep -v [search_pattern] [file]	Search for all lines that do NOT contain the pattern.
grep -i [search_pattern] [file]	Search for all lines that contain the case-insensitive pattern.
-i	Ignore case distinctions on Linux and Unix
-w	Force PATTERN to match only whole words
-v	Select non-matching lines
-n	Print line number with output lines
-h	Suppress the Unix file name prefix on output
-r	Search directories recursivly on Linux
-R	Just like -r but follow all symlinks
-l	Print only names of FILEs with selected lines
-c	Print only a count of selected lines per FILE
--color	Display matched pattern in colors

System and Service Managements.

Alias	Command
systemctl list-unit-files
systemctl list-units
systemctl --all
systemctl --failed
systemctl status [nameService]	Show status of service.
systemctl status [nameService.service]	Show status of service.
systemctl start [nameService.service]	Start the service.
systemctl stop [nameService.service]	Stops the service.
systemctl restart [nameService.service]	Restart the service.
systemctl enable [nameService.service]	Enable to starts on boot.
systemctl disable [nameService.service]	Disable to start on boot.
systemctl is-enabled [nameService]	Check status of service enabled or disabled.
service [nameService] start
service [nameService] status
service [nameService] reload
service [nameService] stop
service --status-all
systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl list-units | grep .service systemctl list-unit-files | grep .service

Log Managements.

Key/Command	Description
journalctl	Show every journal entry that is in the system will be displayed within a page.
journalctl -b	Displaying logs from the current Boot.
journalctl --list-boots	To see the boots that journald knows about.
journalctl -u [name]	To see all of the logs from an unit name our system.
journalctl -p [priorityLevel]	To see all of the logs at a priority level on you system.
journalctl -p err
journalctl -p crit
journalctl -n	To display a set amount of records.
journalctl -f	To actively follow the logs as they are being writen.

Groups Managements.

Key/Command	Description
gpasswd -a [userName] [groupName]	Add user to the group.
getent group [groupName]

Alias.

Alias	Command
h	history
history	omz_history
l	ls -CF
lS	ls -1FSsh
la	ls -A
lart	ls -1Fcart
ldot	ls -ld .*
ll	ls -alF
lr	ls -tRFh
lrt	ls -1Fcrt
ls	ls --color=auto
lsa	ls -lah
lt	ls -ltFh
mv	mv -i

• hsi history | grep -i
• hs history | grep

Articles.

Conferences.

Conference Speakers.

Help.