Welcome to NEAR's NFT tutorial, where we will help you parse the details around NEAR's NEP-171 standard (Non-Fungible Token Standard), and show you how to build your own NFT smart contract from the ground up, improving your understanding about the NFT standard along the way.
Each branch you will find in this repo corresponds to various stages of this tutorial with a partially completed contract at each stage. You are welcome to start from any stage you want to learn the most about.
| Branch | Docs Tutorial | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1.skeleton | Contract Architecture | You'll learn the basic architecture of the NFT smart contract, and you'll compile this skeleton code with the Rust toolchain. |
| 2.minting | Minting | Here you'll flesh out the skeleton so the smart contract can mint a non-fungible token |
| 3.enumeration | Enumeration | Here you'll find different enumeration methods that can be used to return the smart contract's states. |
| 4.core | Core | In this tutorial you'll extend the NFT contract using the core standard, which will allow you to transfer non-fungible tokens. |
| 5.approval | Approval | Here you'll expand the contract allowing other accounts to transfer NFTs on your behalf. |
| 6.royalty | Royalty | Here you'll add the ability for non-fungible tokens to have royalties. This will allow people to get a percentage of the purchase price when an NFT is purchased. |
| 7.events | ----------- | This allows indexers to know what functions are being called and make it easier and more reliable to keep track of information that can be used to populate the collectibles tab in the wallet for example. (tutorial docs have yet to be implemented ) |
| 8.marketplace | ----------- | ----------- |
The tutorial series also contains a very helpful section on Upgrading Smart Contracts. Definitely go and check it out as this is a common pain point.
If you want to see the full completed contract go ahead and clone and build this repo using
git clone https://github.com/near-examples/nft-tutorial.git
cd nft-tutorial
git switch 6.royalty
yarn build
Now that you've cloned and built the contract we can try a few things.
Once you've created your near wallet go ahead and login to your wallet with your cli and follow the on-screen prompts
near login
Once your logged in you have to deploy the contract. Make a subaccount with the name of your choosing
near create-account nft-example.your-account.testnet --masterAccount your-account.testnet --initialBalance 10
After you've created your sub account deploy the contract to that sub account, set this variable to your sub account name
NFT_CONTRACT_ID=nft-example.your-account.testnet
MAIN_ACCOUNT=your-account.testnet
Verify your new variable has the correct value
echo $NFT_CONTRACT_ID
echo $MAIN_ACCOUNT
near deploy --accountId $NFT_CONTRACT_ID --wasmFile out/main.wasm
near call $NFT_CONTRACT_ID new_default_meta '{"owner_id": "'$NFT_CONTRACT_ID'"}' --accountId $NFT_CONTRACT_ID
near view $NFT_CONTRACT_ID nft_metadata
near call $NFT_CONTRACT_ID nft_mint '{"token_id": "token-1", "metadata": {"title": "My Non Fungible Team Token", "description": "The Team Most Certainly Goes :)", "media": "https://bafybeiftczwrtyr3k7a2k4vutd3amkwsmaqyhrdzlhvpt33dyjivufqusq.ipfs.dweb.link/goteam-gif.gif"}, "receiver_id": "'$MAIN_ACCOUNT'"}' --accountId $MAIN_ACCOUNT --amount 0.1
After you've minted the token go to wallet.testnet.near.org to your-account.testnet and look in the collections tab and check out your new sample NFT!
After you've minted your NFT you can make a view call to get a response containing the token_id owner_id and the metadata
near view $NFT_CONTRACT_ID nft_token '{"token_id": "token-1"}'
To transfer an NFT go ahead and make another testnet wallet account.
Then run the following
MAIN_ACCOUNT_2=your-second-wallet-account.testnet
Verify the correct variable names with this
echo $NFT_CONTRACT_ID
echo $MAIN_ACCOUNT
echo $MAIN_ACCOUNT_2
To initiate the transfer..
near call $NFT_CONTRACT_ID nft_transfer '{"receiver_id": "$MAIN_ACCOUNT_2", "token_id": "token-1", "memo": "Go Team :)"}' --accountId $MAIN_ACCOUNT --depositYocto 1
In this call you are depositing 1 yoctoNEAR for security and so that the user will be redirected to the NEAR wallet.
Large Changes:
-
2022-06-21: updated the rust SDK to version 4.0.0. PR found here
-
2022-02-12: updated the enumeration methods
nft_tokensandnft_tokens_for_ownerto no longer use anyto_vectoroperations to save GAS. In addition, the default limit was changed from 0 to 50. PR found here.
Small Changes:
- 2022-02-22: changed
token_idparameter type in nft_payout fromStringtoTokenIdfor consistency as per pythonicode's suggestion