Time-based One-Time-Password for 2FA on CLI

About

There is no shortage of OTP 2FA apps availiable for your phone, such as Authy, FreeOTP or even the not so recommended Google Authenticator. These apps take an initial secret code and create a TOTP anytime you need a 2FA code for login. Using oathtool in the command line has the advantages that we'll be able to use TOTP authentication on Linux machines without mobile phone and it forces us to backup all our TOTP secrets and not only some recovery keys.

Install

Make sure you're logged in as a regular user (not as root) and install as follow:

sudo apt install oathtool gpg

Then, whith your editor of choice, store the following source code to a shell script:

eg: /usr/local/bin/totp

#!/bin/bash
# 
# Time-based One-time Password algorithm (TOTP) helper script
# Save shared secrets on disk protected with GnuPG encryption
# Easily generate OTPs for two-factor authorization (2FA)
#
# Setup:
# Install requirements with: sudo apt install oathtool gpg
# Setup gpg as per https://keyring.debian.org/creating-key.html
#
# Adapt the 3 variables below:
# - KEYFILE: file that holds the name/key pairs
# - USERID: GnuPG user ID to use for encryption
# - KEYID: GnuPG key ID to use for encryption
#
# Good to know:
# - get gpg keys with: gpg --list-keys --keyid-format short user@example.com
#
# - the $KEYFILE itself is in clear and has the format:
#     aws=hQIMAxevVAas6A+AAQ//cJL/v3O6CCurdzVkCk5yEGa6sZgWWw6AkH/QenVmTSj...
#     twitter=hQIMAxevVAas6A+AAQ/9H8h0yde7zErfF/8qwohD5Zw7q85FlI+IIFC1Kk5Ifpw...
#     github=hQIMAxevVAas6A+AARAAm8T//mqNyBEz4Y/HGGlNgFUzk8vOaylMdE/TbDzVI...
#
# - the shared secrets are stored encrypted with gpg then base64-ed
# - keys are never deleted, only appended
# - the last available key for the chosen service is used
# - to restore the previous key, manually delete the last key from $KEYFILE
#
# Authors:
# - https://www.sendthemtomir.com/blog/cli-2-factor-authentication and
# - https://karl-voit.at/2019/03/03/oathtool-otp/, Karl Voit, tools@Karl-Voit.at
# - Paolo Greppi, paolo.greppi@libpf.com
# LICENSE: GPLv3

set -e

KEYFILE="$HOME/.totpkeys"
USERID="user@example.com"
KEYID="9E2A4CEF"

if [ -z "$1" ]; then
  echo
  echo "Usage:"
  echo "   totp list"
  echo "   totp get github"
  echo "   totp set twitter 0123456789"
  echo
  exit
fi

if [ "$1" = 'list' ]; then
   KEYS=$(sed 's/^\([^=]*\)=.*$/- \1/g' "$KEYFILE")
   echo "Available keys:"
   echo "$KEYS"
   exit
fi

if [ "$1" = 'get' ]; then
  if [ -z "$2" ]; then
    echo "$0: Missing service name"
    $0
    exit
  fi
  TOTPKEY=$(sed -n "s/${2}=//p" "$KEYFILE" | tail -n 1)
  if [ -z "$TOTPKEY" ]; then
    echo "$0: Bad Service Name '$2'"
    $0
    exit
  fi
  TOTPKEY=$(echo "$TOTPKEY" | base64 -d | gpg --decrypt -r "$USERID" -u "$KEYID" 2> /dev/null)
  oathtool --totp -b "$TOTPKEY"
  exit
fi

if [ "$1" = 'set' ]; then
  if [ -z "$2" ]; then
    echo "$0: Missing service name"
    $0
    exit
  fi
  if [ -z "$3" ]; then
    echo "$0: Missing key"
    $0
    exit
  fi
  oathtool --totp -b "$3" > /dev/null # verify secret
  TOTPKEY=$(echo "$3" | gpg --encrypt -r "$USERID" -u "$KEYID" | base64 -w0)
  echo "$2=$TOTPKEY" >> "$KEYFILE"
  exit
fi

echo "Command $1 unknown"
$0

⚠️ BEFORE TO CONTINUE Make sure to adapt the 3 variables below with some content relevant to your setup:

KEYFILE: file that holds the name/key pairs (eg: $HOME/.totpkeys)

USERID: GnuPG user ID to use for encryption (eg: user@example.com)

KEYID: GnuPG key ID to use for encryption (gpg --list-keys --keyid-format short user@example.com)

Make the script executable with:

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/topt

Usage

With your editor of choice, create the $KEYFILE as : nano $HOME/.totpkeys

aws=0123456789
twitter=9876543210
github=1357924680

the shared secrets are stored encrypted with gpg then base64-ed
keys are never deleted, only appended
the last available key for the chosen service is used
to restore the previous key, manually delete the last key from $KEYFILE

If you run it without arguments, an help will be displayed: totp

Usage:
   totp list
   totp get github
   totp set twitter 0123456789

To list all available keys use: totp list

Available keys:
aws
twitter
github

To get the TOTP code for accessing GitHub use:

totp get github

To set the SECRET KEY for Twitter use:

totp set twitter 0123456789