Django API Forms

Django Forms approach in paring and validation of request payload (especially for content type like JSON or MessagePack) without HTML front-end.

Motivation

Main idea was to create a simple and declarative way to specify format of expecting request with ability to validate them. Firstly I tried to use Django Forms to validate my API request (I use pure Django in my APIs). I have encountered a problem with nesting my requests without huge boilerplate. Also, the whole HTML thing was pretty useless in my RESTful APIs.

I wanted something to:

define my requests as object (Form)
pass the request to my defined object (form = Form.create_from_request(request))
validate my request form.is_valid()
extract data form.clean_data property

I wanted to keep:

friendly declarative Django syntax (DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass is beautiful)
Validators
ValidationError
Form fields (In the end, I had to "replace" some of them)

So I decided to create simple Python package to cover all my expectations.

Installation

# Using pip
pip install django-api-forms

# Using poetry
peotry add django-api-forms

# Using setup.py
python setup.py install

Optional:

# msgpack support (for requests with Content-Type: application/x-msgpack)
peotry add msgpack

# ImageField support
peotry add Pillow

Install application in your Django project by adding django_api_forms to yours INSTALLED_APPS:

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django_api_forms'
)

Example

Simple nested JSON request

{
  "title": "Unknown Pleasures",
  "type": "vinyl",
  "artist": {
    "name": "Joy Division",
    "genres": [
      "rock",
      "punk"
    ],
    "members": 4
  },
  "year": 1979,
  "songs": [
    {
      "title": "Disorder",
      "duration": "3:29"
    },
    {
      "title": "Day of the Lords",
      "duration": "4:48",
      "metadata": {
        "_section": {
          "type": "ID3v2",
          "offset": 0,
          "byteLength": 2048
        },
        "header": {
          "majorVersion": 3,
          "minorRevision": 0,
          "size": 2038
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "created_at": "2019-10-21T18:57:03+0100",
    "updated_at": "2019-10-21T18:57:03+0100"
  }
}

Django API Forms equivalent + validation

from enum import Enum

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.forms import fields

from django_api_forms import FieldList, FormField, FormFieldList, DictionaryField, EnumField, AnyField, Form


class AlbumType(Enum):
    CD = 'cd'
    VINYL = 'vinyl'


class ArtistForm(Form):
    name = fields.CharField(required=True, max_length=100)
    genres = FieldList(field=fields.CharField(max_length=30))
    members = fields.IntegerField()


class SongForm(Form):
    title = fields.CharField(required=True, max_length=100)
    duration = fields.DurationField(required=False)
    metadata = AnyField(required=False)


class AlbumForm(Form):
    title = fields.CharField(max_length=100)
    year = fields.IntegerField()
    artist = FormField(form=ArtistForm)
    songs = FormFieldList(form=SongForm)
    type = EnumField(enum=AlbumType, required=True)
    metadata = DictionaryField(fields.DateTimeField())

    def clean_year(self):
        if self.cleaned_data['year'] == 1992:
            raise ValidationError("Year 1992 is forbidden!", 'forbidden-value')
        return self.cleaned_data['year']

    def clean(self):
        if (self.cleaned_data['year'] == 1998) and (self.cleaned_data['artist']['name'] == "Nirvana"):
            raise ValidationError("Sounds like a bullshit", code='time-traveling')
        if not self._request.user.is_authenticated():
            raise ValidationError("You can use request in form validation!")
        return self.cleaned_data



"""
Django view example
"""
def create_album(request):
    form = AlbumForm.create_from_request(request)
    if not form.is_valid():
        # Process your validation error
        print(form.errors)

    # Cleaned valid payload
    payload = form.cleaned_data
    print(payload)

If you want example with whole Django project, check out repository created by pawl django_api_forms_modelchoicefield_example, where he uses library with ModelChoiceField.

Running Tests

# install all dependencies
poetry install

# run the tests
poetry run pytest

Sponsorship

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Made with ❤️ and ☕️ by Jakub Dubec, BACKBONE s.r.o. & contributors.

bumblebee211196 / django_api_forms