Detail
Semester: 3rd Sem B. Tech. CSE
Section: S2
Member-1: Dhanush V , 221CS217 , dhanushv.221cs217@nitk.edu.in
member-2: Harsha J Gundapalli , 221CS222 , harshajgundapalli.221cs222@nitk.edu.in
Member-3: Isiri Dinesh S , 221CS226 , isiridineshs.221cs226@nitk.edu.in
Detail
THE SMART RING is a wearable heart attack detecting equipment which can be used in our day to day life to indicate the condition of the heart. It helps to detect heart attack and helps a person to seek for an emergency help. This was specially designed in order to help the people who suffer from minor or severe heart diseases. SMART RINGS are capable of monitoring your heart rate throughout the day and night, which can offer insights, like resting heart rate and when your heart rate is unexpectedly high or low. Some can also use that heart rate sensor to measure heart rate variability, which is the measurement of intervals between heart beats, and can be an indicator of stress. Wearable devices that detect heart rate can be helpful for improving exercise habits and eating behaviours, and they can provide motivation to lead a healthier lifestyle – all of which contribute to lowering the risk of heart disease. Smart rings are built in such a way that their core can rely on similar hardware to deliver core ring features. It also has sensor to sense the body temperature ,oxygen level and also supplies the oxygen in emergency case. The reading from these sensors can be used to send an alert message to the nearby health facility .
Lately, there has been many cases of heart attacks even when it comes to the people who were considered to be medically healthy. Recently, heart attack has not only been a common problem among the senior citizens, it has been a concern for youngsters as well. The rate of heart attack among the youngsters seem to be increasing rapidly compared to that of the senior citizens. Such cases have inspired us to lay our minds on a device like SMART RING. These smart rings can be considered unique and different from other devices like watches because they do not given 'an additional device on your body' kind of look. Instead, these small rings are very easy to wear and carry it daily like a part of your body. Heavier gadgets like watches are not required in order to keep your health intact. The SMART RING can be worn as an ornament as well. So basically, it is a very convenient and useful device to maintain a good health. This SMART RING also helps in showing the amount of oxygen that is needed by the patient which helps providing the proper required amount of oxygen.
Detail
The Smart Ring with Body Vital Sensors can be a very useful gadget as it can easily detect any chances of an heart attack and find the accurate oxygen levels required by the patient which is very vital to know to supply the right amount. In our project, we are using the following components as listed below: ⦁ Three 8-bit comparator – Compare the 8-bit binary numbers with the fixed limits specified.
The following is the Verilog code for an 8-bit comparator:
⦁ One 8-bit Subtractor – To find the difference in the oxygen level and release only the required amount of oxygen.
The Verilog code as follows:
⦁ 1 OR Gate
⦁ 1 AND GATE
In this project, A, B, C are inputs given by sensors that are being used, F1, F2, F3 and F4 are fixed limits (minimum or the maximum level for the respective reading) specified by us. Comparator C1 compares input A and fixed limit F1. If its higher than the fixed limit it will show 1 else 0. Similarly Comparator C2 compares input B and fixed limit F2 and Comparator C3 compares input from subtractor with fixed limit F4 and gives the output 1 or 0. The 8-bit subtractor finds difference between input C and fixed limit F3. The outputs of C1 and C2 are connected to an OR Gate and the output from the OR Gate and the output from C3 gives us the final output which helps to detect the possibility of having heart attack, the major vitals which occur are body temperature, pulse rate or heart rate and body oxygen level. For sensing these body vitals, we use a temperature sensor, heart rate sensor and readings from an oxy-meter. We have fixed some limiting values which are the minimum or maximum levels for that reading. For temperature, the fixed limit is 37 degrees (0011011). For heart rate, it is 72 BPM (0110010). For oxygen level, the limiting value is 95 spo2 (10010101). Our main aim is to find any chances of heart attack and also provide emergency oxygen supply in order to give an extra crucial time for the health care to reach the patient.
The circuit works in the following manner:
- Start: The process initiates, aiming to compare two 8-bit binary numbers input A and B.
- Input A and B: The values of the two binary numbers are provided as input
for the comparison process. - Comparators 1 and 2: Both A and B undergo individual comparisons to
determine their relative magnitudes using two distinct comparators. - OR Gate: The results from the first two
comparators are then combined using an OR gate, generating a single output representing their comparative relationship. - Subtractor: The two 8-bit numbers, A and B, are utilized in an 8-bit subtractor to find their numerical difference.
- Comparator 3: The output of the subtractor undergoes comparison with 0, allowing an assessment of the relationship between A and B based on their subtraction result.
- AND Gate: The outputs of the OR gate and the third comparator are directed to an AND gate, which performs a logical conjunction operation.
- Output: The ultimate output from the AND gate represents the result of the comparison operation, indicating the relationship between the two 8-bit binary numbers A and B.
- End: The process concludes, signifying the completion of the comparison operation between the two 8-bit binary numbers.
This flowchart demonstrates a systematic process for comparing two 8-bit binary numbers, incorporating multiple stages of comparison and logical operations to produce the final comparison output.
| A | B | Output |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
| A | B | Output |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
| A1 | A0 | B1 | B0 | 'A<B' | 'A=B' | 'A>B' |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Detail
Detail
// SMART RING WITH BODY VITAL SENSORS
//S2_T21
//1. 221CS217 , Dhanush V , dhanushv.221cs217@nitk.edu.in , 9353241312
//2. 221CS222 , Harsha J Gundapalli , harshajgundapalli.221cs222@nitk.edu.in ,8792251009
//3. 221CS226 , Isiri Dinesh S , isiridineshs.221cs226@nitk.edu.in , 7349437557
module magComp ( //Module for an 8-bit comparator
input [7:0] In1,
input [7:0] In2,
output Gt,
);
reg Gt;
always @ (In1 or In2) // Check the state of the input lines
begin
Gt <= (In1 > In2) ? 1’b1 : 1’b0; // Check for greater than condition
end module
module full_adder(output cout, s , input a, b, cin); // Module for full_adder
assign S = a ^ b ^ cin;
assign Cout = (a & b) | (b & cin) | (a & cin);
end module
module subtractor( //Module for 8-bit adder subtractor circuit
output cout, //MSB, determines if answer is positive or negative
output [7:0] s,
input [7:0] a,
input [7:0] b,
input cin // if cin = 1, subtract, if cin = 0, add.
);
wire [7:0] bin; // bin XOR'ed with cin to get its compliment
assign bin[0] = b[0]^cin;
assign bin[1] = b[1]^cin;
assign bin[2] = b[2]^cin;
assign bin[3] = b[3]^cin;
assign bin[4] = b[4]^cin;
assign bin[5] = b[5]^cin;
assign bin[6] = b[6]^cin;
assign bin[7] = b[7]^cin;
wire [8:1] carry; // subtraction using full adders
full_adder FA0(carry[1],s[0],a[0],bin[0],cin);
full_adder FA1(carry[2],s[1],a[1],bin[1],carry[1]);
full_adder FA2(carry[3],s[2],a[2],bin[2],carry[2]);
full_adder FA3(carry[4],s[3],a[3],bin[3],carry[3]);
full_adder FA4(carry[5],s[4],a[4],bin[4],carry[4]);
full_adder FA5(carry[6],s[5],a[5],bin[5],carry[5]);
full_adder FA6(carry[7],s[6],a[6],bin[6],carry[6]);
full_adder FA7(carry[8],s[7],a[7],bin[7],carry[7]);
assign cout = cin^carry[8];// Final carry over
end module
module S2_T21(A,B,C,F1,F2,F3,F4,X,D,E) // Final Module for the circuit
input [0:7] A; // Inputs given from the sensors
input [0:7] B;
input [0:7] C;
input [0:7] F1; // Fixed inputs specified in advance
input [0:7] F2;
input [0:7] F3;
input [0:7] F4;
input X;
output [0:7] D; // Gives us the amount of oxygen given out
output E; // Tells us if it is an emergency or not
wire [0:5] w;
magComp C1(A,F1,w[0]); // Check the temperature readings
magComp C2(B,F2,w[1]); // Check the heart rate readings
subtractor S1(w[2],D,C,F3,X); // Difference in the oxygen level
magComp C3(D,F4,w[3]); // Check with the critical limit
OR O1(w[4],w[0],w[1]);
AND A1(E,w[3],w[4]); // Tells is it an emergency or not
end module
// SMART RING WITH BODY VITAL SENSORS
//S2_T21
//1. 221CS217 , Dhanush V , dhanushv.221cs217@nitk.edu.in , 9353241312
//2. 221CS222 , Harsha J Gundapalli , harshajgundapalli.221cs222@nitk.edu.in ,8792251009
//3. 221CS226 , Isiri Dinesh S , isiridineshs.221cs226@nitk.edu.in , 7349437557
module S2_T21_tb;
reg [0:7] A; // Inputs given from the sensors
reg [0:7] B;
reg [0:7] C;
reg [0:7] F1; // Fixed inputs specified in advance
reg [0:7] F2;
reg [0:7] F3;
reg [0:7] F4;
reg X;
wire [0:7] D; // Gives us the amount of oxygen given out
wire E; // Tells us if it is an emergency or not
int i;
S2_T21 M1(A,B,C,F1,F2,F3,F4,X,D,E);
initial
begin
$dumpfile("S2_T21.vcd");
$dumpvars(0, S2_T21_tb);
end
initial
begin
$display("| S2_T21
|");
$display("----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
$display("| Input
| Output-1 | Output-2 |");
$display("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
$display("| A[0] | A[1] | A[2] | A[3] | A[4] | A[5] | A[6] | A[7] | B[0] | B[1] | B[2] | B[3] | B[4] | B[5] | B[6] | B[7] | C[0] | C[1] | C[2] | C[3] | C[4] | C[5] | C[6] | C[7] | D[0] | D[1] | D[2] | D[3] | D[4] | D[5] | D[6] | D[7] | E |");
$display("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
$monitor("| %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b | %b |", A[0], A[1], A[2], A[3], A[4], A[5], A[6], A[7], B[0], B[1], B[2], B[3], B[4], B[5], B[6], B[7], C[0], C[1], C[2], C[3], C[4], C[5], C[6], C[7], D[0], D[1], D[2], D[3], D[4], D[5], D[6], D[7], E);
A = 8'b00000000;
B = 8'b00000000;
C = 8'b00000000;
F1 = 8'b00110111;
F2 = 8'b01110010;
F3 = 8'b10010101;
F4 = 8'b00011000;
for(i=1;i=255;i++)
{
#10 A = A + 8'b00000001;
#10 B = B + 8'b00000001;
#10 C = C + 8'b00000001;
}
end
initial #300 $finish;
endmodule
Detail
[1] Hwang, Limsui, Zhao, “Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS”, ECE445. University of Illinois, Fall 2004, https://courses.ece.uiuc.edu/ece445/cgi-bin/view_project.pl?fall2004_24
[2] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Disease and Condition Index, “What Is Coronary Artery Disease?”, August 2003, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Cad/CAD_WhatIs.html
[3] ECG Library. 2002. http://www.ecglibrary.com/ecghome.html
[4] Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, “RS-232”, April 30, 2005, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232