Ganesha

Ganesha is PHP implementation of Circuit Breaker pattern which has multi strategies to avoid cascading failures and supports various storages to record statistics.

If Ganesha is saving your service from system failures, please consider donating to this project's author, Akihito Nakano, to show your ❤️ and support. Thanks you!

This is one of the Circuit Breaker implementation in PHP which has been actively developed and production ready - well-tested and well-documented. 💪 You can integrate Ganesha to your existing code base easily as Ganesha provides just simple interfaces and Guzzle Middleware behaves transparency.

If you have an idea about enhancement, bugfix..., please let me know via Issues. ✨

Ganesha
Table of contents
Are you interested?
Unveil Ganesha
Usage
Strategies
Adapters
Ganesha ❤️ Guzzle
Ganesha ❤️ OpenAPI Generator
Run tests
Companies using Ganesha 🚀
Build promotion site with Soushi
Requirements
Author

Are you interested?

Here is an example which shows you how Ganesha behaves when a failure occurs.
It is easily executable. All you need is Docker.

Unveil Ganesha

# Install Composer
$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php

# Run the Composer command to install the latest version of Ganesha
$ php composer.phar require ackintosh/ganesha

Usage

Ganesha provides following simple interfaces. Each method receives a string (named $service in example) to identify the service. $service will be the service name of the API, the endpoint name or etc. Please remember that Ganesha detects system failure for each $service.

$ganesha->isAvailable($service);
$ganesha->success($service);
$ganesha->failure($service);

$ganesha = Ackintosh\Ganesha\Builder::build([
    'failureRateThreshold' => 50,
    'adapter'              => new Ackintosh\Ganesha\Storage\Adapter\Redis($redis),
]);

$service = 'external_api';

if (!$ganesha->isAvailable($service)) {
    die('external api is not available');
}

try {
    echo \Api::send($request)->getBody();
    $ganesha->success($service);
} catch (\Api\RequestTimedOutException $e) {
    // If an error occurred, it must be recorded as failure.
    $ganesha->failure($service);
    die($e->getMessage());
}

Three states of circuit breaker

(martinfowler.com : CircuitBreaker)

Ganesha follows the states and transitions described in the article faithfully. $ganesha->isAvailable() returns true if the circuit states on Closed, otherwise it returns false.

Subscribe to events in ganesha

When the circuit state transitions to Open the event Ganesha::EVENT_TRIPPED is triggered
When the state back to Closed the event Ganesha::EVENT_CALMED_DOWN is triggered

$ganesha->subscribe(function ($event, $service, $message) {
    switch ($event) {
        case Ganesha::EVENT_TRIPPED:
            \YourMonitoringSystem::warn(
                "Ganesha has tripped! It seems that a failure has occurred in {$service}. {$message}."
            );
            break;
        case Ganesha::EVENT_CALMED_DOWN:
            \YourMonitoringSystem::info(
                "The failure in {$service} seems to have calmed down :). {$message}."
            );
            break;
        case Ganesha::EVENT_STORAGE_ERROR:
            \YourMonitoringSystem::error($message);
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
});

Disable

If disabled, Ganesha keeps to record success/failure statistics, but Ganesha doesn't trip even if the failures reached to a threshold.

// Ganesha with Count strategy(threshold `3`).
// $ganesha = ...

// Disable
Ackintosh\Ganesha::disable();

// Although the failure is recorded to storage,
$ganesha->failure($service);
$ganesha->failure($service);
$ganesha->failure($service);

// Ganesha does not trip and Ganesha::isAvailable() returns true.
var_dump($ganesha->isAvailable($service));
// bool(true)

Reset

Resets the statistics saved in a storage.

$ganesha = Ackintosh\Ganesha\Builder::build([
	// ...
]);

$ganesha->reset();

Strategies

Ganesha has two strategies which avoids cascading failures.

Rate (default)

$ganesha = Ackintosh\Ganesha\Builder::build([
    'timeWindow'            => 30,
    'failureRateThreshold'  => 50,
    'minimumRequests'       => 10,
    'intervalToHalfOpen'    => 5,
    'adapter'               => new Ackintosh\Ganesha\Storage\Adapter\Memcached($memcached),
]);

Count

If you want use Count strategy, use Builder::buildWithCountStrategy().

$ganesha = Ackintosh\Ganesha\Builder::buildWithCountStrategy([
    'failureCountThreshold' => 100,
    'intervalToHalfOpen'    => 5,
    'adapter'               => new Ackintosh\Ganesha\Storage\Adapter\Memcached($memcached),
]);

Adapters

Redis

Redis adapter requires phpredis. So if you don't have it, run pecl install redis.

$redis = new \Redis();
$redis->connect('localhost');
$adapter = new Ackintosh\Ganesha\Storage\Adapter\Redis($redis);

$ganesha = Ackintosh\Ganesha\Builder::build([
    'adapter' => $adapter,
]);

Memcached

Memcached adapter requires memcached (NOT memcache) extension.

$memcached = new \Memcached();
$memcached->addServer('localhost', 11211);
$adapter = new Ackintosh\Ganesha\Storage\Adapter\Memcached($memcached);

$ganesha = Ackintosh\Ganesha\Builder::build([
    'adapter' => $adapter,
]);

MongoDB

MongoDB adapter requires mongodb extension.

$manager = new \MongoDB\Driver\Manager('mongodb://localhost:27017/');
$adapter = new Ackintosh\Ganesha\Storage\Adapter\MongoDB($manager);
$configuration = new Configuration(['dbName' => 'ganesha', 'collectionName' => 'ganeshaCollection']);

$adapter->setConfiguration($configuration);
$ganesha = Ackintosh\Ganesha\Builder::build([
    'adapter' => $adapter,
]);

Ganesha ❤️ Guzzle

If you using Guzzle (v6 or higher), Guzzle Middleware powered by Ganesha makes it easy to integrate Circuit Breaker to your existing code base.

use Ackintosh\Ganesha\Builder;
use Ackintosh\Ganesha\GuzzleMiddleware;
use Ackintosh\Ganesha\Exception\RejectedException;
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack;

$ganesha = Builder::build([
    'timeWindow'           => 30,
    'failureRateThreshold' => 50,
    'minimumRequests'      => 10,
    'intervalToHalfOpen'   => 5,
    'adapter'              => $adapter,
]);
$middleware = new GuzzleMiddleware($ganesha);

$handlers = HandlerStack::create();
$handlers->push($middleware);

$client = new Client(['handler' => $handlers]);

try {
    $client->get('http://api.example.com/awesome_resource');
} catch (RejectedException $e) {
    // If the circuit breaker is open, RejectedException will be thrown.
}

How does Guzzle Middleware determine the `$service`?

As documented in Usage, Ganesha detects failures for each $service. Below, We will show you how Guzzle Middleware determine $service and how we specify $service explicitly.

By default, the host name is used as $service.

// In the example above, `api.example.com` is used as `$service`.
$client->get('http://api.example.com/awesome_resource');

You can also specify $service via a option passed to client, or request header. If both are specified, the option value takes precedence.

// via constructor argument
$client = new Client([
    'handler' => $handlers,
    // 'ganesha.service_name' is defined as ServiceNameExtractor::OPTION_KEY
    'ganesha.service_name' => 'specified_service_name',
]);

// via request method argument
$client->get(
    'http://api.example.com/awesome_resource',
    [
        'ganesha.service_name' => 'specified_service_name',
    ]
);

// via request header
$request = new Request(
    'GET',
    'http://api.example.com/awesome_resource',
    [
        // 'X-Ganesha-Service-Name' is defined as ServiceNameExtractor::HEADER_NAME
        'X-Ganesha-Service-Name' => 'specified_service_name'
    ]
);
$client->send($request);

Alternatively, you can apply your own rules by implementing a class that implements the ServiceNameExtractorInterface.

use Ackintosh\Ganesha\GuzzleMiddleware\ServiceNameExtractorInterface;
use Psr\Http\Message\RequestInterface;

class SampleExtractor implements ServiceNameExtractorInterface
{
    /**
     * @override
     */
    public function extract(RequestInterface $request, array $requestOptions)
    {
        // We treat the combination of host name and HTTP method name as $service.
        return $request->getUri()->getHost() . '_' . $request->getMethod();
    }
}

// ---

$ganesha = Builder::build([
    // ...
]);
$middleware = new GuzzleMiddleware(
    $ganesha,
    // Pass the extractor as an argument of GuzzleMiddleware constructor.
    new SampleExtractor()
);

Ganesha ❤️ OpenAPI Generator

PHP client generated by OpenAPI Generator is using Guzzle as HTTP client and as we mentioned as Ganesha ❤️ Guzzle, Guzzle Middleware powered by Ganesha is ready. So it is easily possible to integrate Ganesha and the PHP client generated by OpenAPI Generator in a smart way as below.

// For details on how to build middleware please see https://github.com/ackintosh/ganesha#ganesha-heart-guzzle
$middleware = new GuzzleMiddleware($ganesha);

// Set the middleware to HTTP client.
$handlers = HandlerStack::create();
$handlers->push($middleware);
$client = new Client(['handler' => $handlers]);

// Just pass the HTTP client to the constructor of API class.
$api = new PetApi($client);

try {
    // Ganesha is working in the shadows! The result of api call is monitored by Ganesha.
    $api->getPetById(123);
} catch (RejectedException $e) {
    awesomeErrorHandling($e);
}

Run tests

We can run unit tests on Docker container, so it is not necessary to install dependencies in your machine.

# Start redis, memcached server
$ docker-compose up 

# Run tests in container
$ docker-compose run --rm -w /tmp/ganesha -u ganesha client vendor/bin/phpunit

Companies using Ganesha 🚀

Here are some companies using Ganesha in production. To add your company to the list, please visit README.md and click on the icon to edit the page.

APISHIP LLC

Build promotion site with Soushi

https://ackintosh.github.io/ganesha/

The promotion site is built with Soushi, which is the site generator powered by PHP.

$ docker-compose run --rm client soushi build docs

# The site will be generate into `docs` directory and let's confirm your changes.
$ open docs/index.html

Requirements

Ganesha supports PHP 5.6 or higher.

Author

GitHub @ackintosh / Twitter @NAKANO_Akihito / Blog (ja)

b1rdex / ganesha

Ganesha

Table of contents

Are you interested?

Unveil Ganesha

Usage

Three states of circuit breaker

Subscribe to events in ganesha

Disable

Reset

Strategies

Rate (default)

Count

Adapters

Redis

Memcached

MongoDB

Ganesha ❤️ Guzzle

How does Guzzle Middleware determine the `$service`?

Ganesha ❤️ OpenAPI Generator

Run tests

Companies using Ganesha 🚀

Build promotion site with Soushi

Requirements

Author

About

Languages

Ganesha

Table of contents

Three states of circuit breaker

Subscribe to events in ganesha

Disable

Reset

Rate (default)

Count

Redis

Memcached

MongoDB

How does Guzzle Middleware determine the $service?

About

Languages

How does Guzzle Middleware determine the `$service`?