aryamccarthy / littlebird

Basic utils for Tweet processing

Little Bird

Basic utilties for processing Tweets. Includes:

• TweetTokenizer for tokenizing the Tweet content
• TweetReader for easily iterating over Tweets
• TweetWriter for conveniently writing one or more Tweets to a file in JSONlines format

Installation

There are two options for installing littlebird.

1. Install from source

git clone https://github.com/AADeLucia/littlebird.git
cd littlebird
python setup.py develop

2. Install with pip

pip install git+git://github.com/AADeLucia/littlebird.git#egg=littlebird

Read and Write a Tweet JSONlines file

The example below reads in a Tweet file, filters to Tweets that have a hashtag, and writes out to a new file.

TweetWritercan write a single Tweet or list of Tweets to a file in JSONlines format. It will also automatically open a GZIP file if the provided filename has a .gz extension. If you are writing to a GZIP file, it is recommended to write all Tweets at once instead of writing incrementally; this provides better file compression. If you do need to write incrementally, I recommend writing to a normal file and GZIPping after.

from littlebird import TweetReader, TweetWriter

# File in JSONlines form. Automatically handles GZIP files.
tweet_file = "2014_01_02.json.gz"
reader = TweetReader(tweet_file)

# Iterate over Tweets
# Save Tweets that contain hashtags
filtered_tweets = []
for tweet in reader.read_tweets():
    if tweet.get("truncated", False):
        num_hashtags = len(tweet["extended_tweet"]["entities"]["hashtags"])
    else:
        num_hashtags = len(tweet["entities"]["hashtags"])
    
    if num_hashtags > 0:
        filtered_tweets.append(tweet)

# Write out filtered Tweets
writer = TweetWriter("filtered.json")
writer.write(filtered_tweets)

Tokenize Tweets

Example usage

A basic example using the default Tokenizer settings is below.

from littlebird import TweetReader, TweetTokenizer

# File in JSONlines form. Automatically handles GZIP files.
tweet_file = "2014_01_02.json.gz"
reader = TweetReader(tweet_file)
tokenizer = TweetTokenizer()

# Iterate over Tweets
# Make sure to check for the "truncated" field otherwise you will only access the 
# 140 character Tweet, not the full 280 character message
for tweet in reader.read_tweets():
    if tweet.get("truncated", False):
        text = tweet["extended_tweet"]["full_text"]
    else:
        text = tweet["text"]
    
    # Tokenize the Tweet's text
    tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(text)

Tokenizer settings

Available TweetTokenizer settings:

• language: right now it only really supports English, but as long as you change the token_pattern accordingly, it should work with other languages. A future integration is using Moses for Arabic tokenization.
• token_pattern: Pattern to match for acceptable tokens. Default is r"\b\w+\b"
• stopwords: provide a list of stopwords to remove from the text. Default is None for no stopword removal.
• remove_hashtags: Default is False to keep hashtags in the text (only strips the "#" symbol)
• lowercase: Default is True to lowercase all of the text. Change this to False if you are doing case-sensitive tasks like Name Entity Recognition (NER)

The tokenizer works in the following steps:

1. Remove hashtags (optional)
2. Remove URLs, handles, and "RT"
3. Lowercase the text (optional)
4. Find all tokens that match the token_pattern with regex.findall(token_pattern, text)
5. Remove stopwords (optional)

Token patterns

The token pattern is extremely important to set for your use case. Below are some sample token patterns, but I highly recommend refreshing on your regular expressions if you need something more advanced.

Note: the regex package is used to access character classes like \p{L}. Basically Java regex patterns.

• r"\b\w+\b" matches any token with one or more letters, numbers, and underscores. This is equivalent to "[\p{L}\_\p{N}]+"
• r"\b\p{L}+\b" matches any token with one or more "letters" (across all alphabets).

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This package is a work in progress. Feel free to open any issues you run into or recommend features. I started this package as an inbetween for something lighter than Twokenizer but more customizable than NLTK.

@misc{DeLucia2020,
    author = {Alexandra DeLucia},
    title = {Little Bird},
    year = {2020},
    publisher = {GitHub},
    journal = {GitHub repository},
    howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/aadelucia/littlebird}},
}

Copyright (c) 2020 Alexandra DeLucia