The goal of these benchmarks is to provide thorough and complete benchmarks for various rust serialization frameworks.
These benchmarks are still being developed and pull requests to improve benchmarks are welcome.
You can use this horrible tiny webpage to turn a benchmark log into nicely-formatted markdown tables.
All tests benchmark the following properties (time or size):
- Serialize: serialize data into a buffer
- Deserialize: deserializes a buffer into a normal rust object
- Size: the size of the buffer when serialized
- Zlib: the size of the buffer after zlib compression
Zero-copy deserialization libraries have an additional set of benchmarks:
- Access: accesses a buffer as structured data
- Read: runs through a buffer and reads fields out of it
- Update: updates a buffer as structured data
Some benchmark results may be italicized and followed by an asterisk. Mouse over these for more details on what situation was benchmarked. Other footnotes are located at the bottom.
This data set is composed of HTTP request logs that are small and contain many strings.
For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 255.44 µs | 2.3979 ms* | 1705800 | 506923 | 403614 |
| bare | 806.95 µs | 3.3489 ms | 765778 | 312739 | 264630 |
| bincode | 456.76 µs | 3.4680 ms | 1045784 | 374305 | 311761 |
| borsh | 501.87 µs | 3.7201 ms | 885780 | 363280 | 286514 |
| bson | 2.9998 ms | 11.048 ms | 1924682 | 537661 | 376270 |
| capnp | 921.33 µs | † | 1443216 | 509618 | 428649 |
| cbor | 1.8449 ms | 6.6787 ms | 1407835 | 407372 | 324081 |
| flatbuffers | 2.1536 ms | † | 1276368 | 469962 | 388832 |
| nachricht | 7.0453 ms | 6.4483 ms | 818669 | 334639 | 285514 |
| postcard | 420.68 µs | 3.6124 ms | 724953 | 303462 | 253747 |
| prost | 3.4967 ms* 567.89 µs* | 4.7094 ms | 764951 | 269811 | 227947 |
| rkyv | 377.93 µs | 2.6183 ms* 3.3088 ms* | 1011488 | 392809 | 331932 |
| rmp | 1.6248 ms | 4.7483 ms | 784997 | 326654 | 278219 |
| ron | 17.627 ms | 18.624 ms | 1607459 | 452648 | 349713 |
| scale | 561.22 µs | 3.5721 ms | 765778 | 312771 | 264518 |
| serde_json | 4.4827 ms | 8.9961 ms | 1827461 | 474358 | 361090 |
| simd-json | 4.2416 ms | 6.1625 ms | 1827461 | 474358 | 361090 |
| speedy | 257.22 µs | 2.8491 ms | 885780 | 363280 | 286514 |
| alkahest | 254.78 µs | † | 1045784 | 454748 | 389424 |
| dlhn | 723.64 µs | 4.0979 ms | 724953 | 302512 | 253629 |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 65.974 µs* | 100.07 µs* | ‡ |
| capnp | 90.677 ns* | 405.00 µs* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 3.1104 ns* 2.0545 ms* | 103.17 µs* 2.4299 ms* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 1.3600 ns* 773.69 µs* | 21.258 µs* 790.87 µs* | 26.930 µs |
| alkahest | 2.5168 ns* | 36.950 µs* | ‡ |
Relative to best. Higher is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 99.74% | 100.00%* | 42.50% | 53.23% | 56.48% |
| bare | 31.57% | 71.60% | 94.67% | 86.27% | 86.14% |
| bincode | 55.78% | 69.14% | 69.32% | 72.08% | 73.12% |
| borsh | 50.77% | 64.46% | 81.84% | 74.27% | 79.56% |
| bson | 8.49% | 21.70% | 37.67% | 50.18% | 60.58% |
| capnp | 27.65% | † | 50.23% | 52.94% | 53.18% |
| cbor | 13.81% | 35.90% | 51.49% | 66.23% | 70.34% |
| flatbuffers | 11.83% | † | 56.80% | 57.41% | 58.62% |
| nachricht | 3.62% | 37.19% | 88.55% | 80.63% | 79.84% |
| postcard | 60.56% | 66.38% | 100.00% | 88.91% | 89.83% |
| prost | 7.29%* 44.86%* | 50.92% | 94.77% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| rkyv | 67.41% | 91.58%* 72.47%* | 71.67% | 68.69% | 68.67% |
| rmp | 15.68% | 50.50% | 92.35% | 82.60% | 81.93% |
| ron | 1.45% | 12.88% | 45.10% | 59.61% | 65.18% |
| scale | 45.40% | 67.13% | 94.67% | 86.26% | 86.17% |
| serde_json | 5.68% | 26.65% | 39.67% | 56.88% | 63.13% |
| simd-json | 6.01% | 38.91% | 39.67% | 56.88% | 63.13% |
| speedy | 99.05% | 84.16% | 81.84% | 74.27% | 79.56% |
| alkahest | 100.00% | † | 69.32% | 59.33% | 58.53% |
| dlhn | 35.21% | 58.52% | 100.00% | 89.19% | 89.87% |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 0.00%* | 21.24%* | ‡ |
| capnp | 1.50%* | 5.25%* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 43.72%* 0.00%* | 20.60%* 0.87%* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 100.00%* 0.00%* | 100.00%* 2.69%* | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 54.04%* | 57.53%* | ‡ |
This data set is a single mesh. The mesh contains an array of triangles, each of which has three vertices and a normal vector.
For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 482.07 µs | 464.64 µs* | 6000024 | 5380836 | 5345890 |
| bare | 7.0498 ms | 5.8930 ms | 6000003 | 5380817 | 5345900 |
| bincode | 4.9530 ms | 6.0019 ms | 6000008 | 5380823 | 5345890 |
| borsh | 6.0257 ms | 5.5200 ms | 6000004 | 5380818 | 5345889 |
| bson | 62.871 ms | 125.31 ms | 23013911 | 9211138 | 7497811 |
| capnp | 10.370 ms | † | 14000088 | 6729881 | 6051062 |
| cbor | 42.684 ms | 52.854 ms | 13122324 | 7527423 | 6759658 |
| flatbuffers | 1.2233 ms | † | 6000024 | 5380800 | 5345910 |
| nachricht | 157.46 ms | 37.047 ms | 8125037 | 6495174 | 6386940 |
| postcard | 739.95 µs | 1.6409 ms | 6000003 | 5380817 | 5345900 |
| prost | 13.059 ms* 10.850 ms* | 18.966 ms | 8750000 | 6683814 | 6421871 |
| rkyv | 879.35 µs | 501.01 µs* 499.28 µs* | 6000008 | 5380822 | 5345892 |
| rmp | 18.045 ms | 20.696 ms | 8125006 | 6496879 | 6391037 |
| ron | 241.67 ms | 288.57 ms | 22192885 | 9009575 | 8138755 |
| scale | 6.1253 ms | 4.8124 ms | 6000004 | 5380818 | 5345889 |
| serde_json | 110.83 ms | 106.06 ms | 26192883 | 9612105 | 8586741 |
| simd-json | 112.22 ms | 147.70 ms | 39152823 | 16587283 | 14549214 |
| speedy | 681.27 µs | 668.61 µs | 6000004 | 5380818 | 5345889 |
| alkahest | 514.31 µs | † | 6000008 | 5380823 | 5345890 |
| dlhn | 6.3384 ms | 9.5106 ms | 6000003 | 5380817 | 5345900 |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 2.8555 ns* | 231.41 µs* | ‡ |
| capnp | 160.01 ns* | 5.5349 ms* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 3.1121 ns* 51.386 ns* | 41.132 µs* 41.227 µs* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 1.3687 ns* 15.638 ns* | 42.897 µs* 40.850 µs* | 330.09 µs |
| alkahest | 2.5306 ns* | 82.409 µs* | ‡ |
Relative to best. Higher is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 100.00% | 100.00%* | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| bare | 6.84% | 7.88% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| bincode | 9.73% | 7.74% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| borsh | 8.00% | 8.42% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| bson | 0.77% | 0.37% | 26.07% | 58.42% | 71.30% |
| capnp | 4.65% | † | 42.86% | 79.95% | 88.35% |
| cbor | 1.13% | 0.88% | 45.72% | 71.48% | 79.09% |
| flatbuffers | 39.41% | † | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| nachricht | 0.31% | 1.25% | 73.85% | 82.84% | 83.70% |
| postcard | 65.15% | 28.32% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| prost | 3.69%* 4.44%* | 2.45% | 68.57% | 80.50% | 83.25% |
| rkyv | 54.82% | 92.74%* 93.06%* | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| rmp | 2.67% | 2.25% | 73.85% | 82.82% | 83.65% |
| ron | 0.20% | 0.16% | 27.04% | 59.72% | 65.68% |
| scale | 7.87% | 9.66% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| serde_json | 0.43% | 0.44% | 22.91% | 55.98% | 62.26% |
| simd-json | 0.43% | 0.31% | 15.32% | 32.44% | 36.74% |
| speedy | 70.76% | 69.49% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 93.73% | † | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| dlhn | 7.61% | 4.89% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 47.93%* | 17.65%* | ‡ |
| capnp | 0.86%* | 0.74%* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 43.98%* 2.66%* | 99.31%* 99.09%* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 100.00%* 8.75%* | 95.23%* 100.00%* | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 54.09%* | 49.57%* | ‡ |
This data set is composed of Minecraft player saves that contain highly structured data.
For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 247.62 µs | 1.9754 ms* | 1290592 | 389814 | 328479 |
| bare | 826.99 µs | 3.4925 ms | 356311 | 213270 | 198488 |
| bincode | 653.95 µs | 2.8477 ms | 569975 | 240897 | 232423 |
| borsh | 595.66 µs | 2.5333 ms | 446595 | 234395 | 210008 |
| bson | 4.4305 ms | 12.284 ms | 1619653 | 506953 | 328399 |
| capnp | 724.86 µs | † | 803896 | 336655 | 280851 |
| cbor | 1.8928 ms | 6.7161 ms | 1109821 | 347812 | 274526 |
| flatbuffers | 3.8221 ms | † | 844168 | 346957 | 294015 |
| nachricht | 6.5890 ms | 5.3495 ms | 449745 | 252743 | 231110 |
| postcard | 451.40 µs | 2.9210 ms | 367489 | 222144 | 207344 |
| prost | 3.9833 ms* 1.3809 ms* | 5.0129 ms | 596811 | 306728 | 269310 |
| rkyv | 430.30 µs | 1.9963 ms* 2.5057 ms* | 596952 | 254571 | 219976 |
| rmp | 1.5688 ms | 4.0420 ms | 424533 | 245594 | 226188 |
| ron | 10.802 ms | 18.188 ms | 1465223 | 439761 | 343338 |
| scale | 649.70 µs | 2.8945 ms | 356311 | 213188 | 198524 |
| serde_json | 4.3853 ms | 9.8321 ms | 1623191 | 472275 | 359623 |
| simd-json | 4.1622 ms | 6.1122 ms | 1663769 | 496401 | 383682 |
| speedy | 374.06 µs | 2.5619 ms | 449595 | 235136 | 210361 |
| alkahest | 287.93 µs | † | 667570 | 325536 | 320452 |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 70.807 µs* | 72.107 µs* | ‡ |
| capnp | 93.556 ns* | 635.83 ns* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 3.0747 ns* 2.3990 ms* | 3.3657 µs* 2.3220 ms* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 1.3783 ns* 614.23 µs* | 179.26 ns* 624.12 µs* | 2.1829 µs |
| alkahest | 2.4971 ns* | 36.709 µs* | ‡ |
Relative to best. Higher is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 100.00% | 100.00%* | 27.61% | 54.69% | 60.43% |
| bare | 29.94% | 56.56% | 100.00% | 99.96% | 100.00% |
| bincode | 37.87% | 69.37% | 62.51% | 88.50% | 85.40% |
| borsh | 41.57% | 77.98% | 79.78% | 90.95% | 94.51% |
| bson | 5.59% | 16.08% | 22.00% | 42.05% | 60.44% |
| capnp | 34.16% | † | 44.32% | 63.33% | 70.67% |
| cbor | 13.08% | 29.41% | 32.11% | 61.29% | 72.30% |
| flatbuffers | 6.48% | † | 42.21% | 61.45% | 67.51% |
| nachricht | 3.76% | 36.93% | 79.23% | 84.35% | 85.88% |
| postcard | 54.86% | 67.63% | 96.96% | 95.97% | 95.73% |
| prost | 6.22%* 17.93%* | 39.41% | 59.70% | 69.50% | 73.70% |
| rkyv | 57.55% | 98.95%* 78.84%* | 59.69% | 83.74% | 90.23% |
| rmp | 15.78% | 48.87% | 83.93% | 86.81% | 87.75% |
| ron | 2.29% | 10.86% | 24.32% | 48.48% | 57.81% |
| scale | 38.11% | 68.25% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 99.98% |
| serde_json | 5.65% | 20.09% | 21.95% | 45.14% | 55.19% |
| simd-json | 5.95% | 32.32% | 21.42% | 42.95% | 51.73% |
| speedy | 66.20% | 77.11% | 79.25% | 90.67% | 94.36% |
| alkahest | 86.00% | † | 53.37% | 65.49% | 61.94% |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 0.00%* | 0.25%* | ‡ |
| capnp | 1.47%* | 28.19%* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 44.83%* 0.00%* | 5.33%* 0.01%* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 100.00%* 0.00%* | 100.00%* 0.03%* | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 55.20%* | 0.49%* | ‡ |
* mouse over for situational details
† do not provide deserialization capabilities, but the user can write their own
‡ do not support buffer mutation (capnp and flatbuffers may but not for rust)