amitesh-singh/usb-gpio-board

GPIO-12 board

This is a gpio over usb board based on VUSB stack for AVR atmega8 chip. It exposes 12 GPIO ports.

My current prototype uses USBPrayog Board from rarecomponents.com.

I shall produce an exclusive kicad schematic for this board soon.

How to flash mega8

cd firmware
make hex
avrdude -c usbasp -p m8 -U flash:w:main.hex

PIN mapping

GPIO pins

Atmega8 gpio	pin number
PD0	1
PD1	2
PD2	Not available (used as D+)
PD3	3
PD4	Not available (used as D-)
PD5	4
PD6	5
PD7	6
PB0	7
PB1	8
PB2	9
PB3	10
PB4	11
PB5	12
PB6	Not available (used by crystal)
PB7	Not available (used by crystal)

ADC pins

Atmega8 ADC pin	pin number
PC0	0
PC1	1
PC2	2
PC3	3
PC4	4
PC5	5

how to access gpio port as linux kernel sysfs

You need to load the kernel driver for this.

$ cd driver/gpio
$ make
$ sudo insmod usb-gpio12.ko
$ cd /sys/class/gpio/
gpiochip**N** where N is the value allocated by kernel
$ sudo chmod 666 export unexport
$ echo **N** > export
$ cd gpio**N**
$ echo out > direction
$ cat value
$ echo 1 > value
$ echo 0 > value

Before unloading the module, do $ echo N > unexport
gpioN gets deleted by doing so.
To unload the module, $ sudo rmmod usb_gpio12

How to control gpio pins via libusb

In case, you want to control gpio ports via libusb, follow this guide.

include following code in your application code or include the common.h file.

typedef struct __attribute__((__packed__)) _gpio_info
{
   uint8_t no;
   uint8_t data;
} gpio_info;

typedef struct __attribute__((__packed__)) _gpiopktheader
{
   uint8_t command;
   gpio_info gpio;
} gpiopktheader;

typedef struct __attribute__((__packed__)) _spipktheader
{
   uint8_t command;
   uint8_t data;
   uint8_t speed; //future;
} spipktheader;

typedef struct __attribute__((__packed__)) _adcpktheader
{
   uint8_t command;
   uint8_t gpio_no; //C0 -- C5
   uint16_t data; //ADC data is 12 bits (0 - 1024)
   uint8_t speed; //Future
} adcpktheader;

typedef enum _command
{
   BOARD_INIT, // This does the init of board
   BOARD_RESET, // This restarts the board
   GPIO_INPUT, // Set GPIO as input
   GPIO_OUTPUT, // Set GPIO as output
   GPIO_READ,   // Read GPIO
   GPIO_WRITE, // Write to GPIO
   SPI_INIT,  // Initialize SPI
   SPI_DATA,  // Send data over SPI
   SPI_END,  // End spi connection
   ADC_INIT, // Initialize ADC
   ADC_READ, // Read ADC value from ADC pin (C0 - C5)
   ADC_END,  // End ADC
} command;

init the board

uint8_t buffer[3];
usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                        BOARD_INIT, 0, 0, buffer, 3, 1000);
gpiopktheader *reply = (gpiopktheader *)buffer;

set GPIO as output

uint8_t buffer[3];
usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                        GPIO_OUTPUT, gpio_number, 0, buffer, 3, 1000);
gpiopktheader *reply = (gpiopktheader *)buffer;

write to GPIO

high

uint8_t buffer[3];
usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                        GPIO_WRITE, gpio_number | (1 << 8), 0, buffer, 3, 1000);
gpiopktheader *reply = (gpiopktheader *)buffer;

low

uint8_t buffer[3];
usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                        GPIO_WRITE, gpio_number | (0 << 8), 0, buffer, 3, 1000);
gpiopktheader *reply = (gpiopktheader *)buffer;

Read GPIO

uint8_t buffer[3];

usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                        GPIO_INPUT, gpio_number, 0, buffer, 3, 1000);
usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                        GPIO_READ, gpio_number, 0, buffer, 3, 1000);
gpiopktheader *reply = (gpiopktheader *)buffer;

uint8_t gpio_read_val = reply->val;

Reset Board

uint8_t buffer[3];
usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                        BOARD_RESET, 0, 0, buffer, 3, 1000);
gpiopktheader *reply = (gpiopktheader *)buffer;

SPI communication

uint8_t spi_data = 111;

nBytes = usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                                 SPI_INIT, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5000);

nBytes = usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                         SPI_DATA, 0 | (spi_data << 8), 0,
                         buffer, 3, 5000);
spipktheader *spi_info = (spipktheader *) buffer;
printf("MOSI data: %d", spi_info->data);

nBytes = usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                         SPI_END, 0, 0,
                         0, 0, 5000);

nBytes = usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                                 ADC_INIT, 0, 0,
                                 buffer, 1, 1000);

nBytes = usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                        ADC_READ, gpio_number, 0,
                        buffer, 5, 1000);

adcpktheader *adc_info = (adcpktheader *)buffer;
printf("ADC pin %d read value: %d\n", adc_info->gpio_no, adc_info->data);

nBytes = usb_control_msg(handle, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
                         ADC_END, 0, 0,
                         buffer, 1, 1000);

you can look into ubstest example for more details.

example

on-off

GPIO write speed

GPIO write speed is close to 1Khz.

TODOs

~~write firmware~~ DONE
~~write basic gpio driver~~ DONE
~~Add support of spin locking in gpio driver.~~ DONE
Add support of spi bitbang driver.
~~Add support of spi hw in firmware.~~ DONE
Add support of spi hw driver.
Add support of i2c in firmware.
Add support of i2c driver.
~~Add adc support in firmware.~~ DONE
Add adc driver support.
Add PWM pins support.
Add PWM driver?.
Add UART support.
Add UART ttyUSB driver support.
design schematic.

amitesh-singh / usb-gpio-board