alienatedsec/solis-ha-modbus-cloud

Purpose

A combination of Solis Cloud, Home Assistant via RS485 (Modbus) communication. This repo is a documented workaround for Solis inverters to connect Solis Cloud and the local Home Assistant based on my own experience. It includes references, examples of the code in Home Assistant, more about configuration, as well as wiring and all required components.

Limitations and some history

My PV installation commenced back in August 2022. Since then, I started my journey with Home Assistant, and several Solis integrations made by some clever folks out there. My main goal was to keep Solis Cloud functionality and allow for advanced monitoring, remote control, and general automation of my home equipment. As I was going through my journey, I found many obstacles and limitations with Solis Cloud, dataloggers, and its design. Therefore, to get over those obstacles, I have designed the below, which meets my requirements and it works quite well.

Most importantly, my design doesn't disconnect the Solis cloud, and works (coexists) with your local Home Assistant integration in combination with any Solis datalogger.

You can watch a great video from Gordon Markus summarising his 12-months experience and Solis inverters limitations - https://youtu.be/F7r12UjzZyU

Diagram

Description

The main goal is to ensure that a datalogger can work as normal and without any distruption. The datalogger acts as the Master device, and it talks directly to the inverter (Slave). Having an additional Master (e.g., Waveshare Gateway) on the same RS485 network is to create collisions, which could affect all RS485 devices. Some dataloggers don't accept multiple TCP connections (e.g., S2-WL-ST), and those will disconnect the Solis Cloud whenever used with an integration; others don't support Modbus TCP (e.g., DLS-W, S3-WIFI-ST), and some will fully rely on the cloud (S3-WIFI-ST). Some obsolete dataloggers couldn't provide remote functionality via Solis Cloud (e.g., DLS-W, DLS-L).

However, there are reports that remote functionality started working with obsolete dataloggers after Solis' maintenance on 13 April 2023.

Here it comes the Waveshare gateway to query the inverter. It can serve multiple clients, keep the inverter's cloud reporting functionality, and is not limited by any supported datalogger. The below is my configuration, but the use case could differ per datalogger.

The main device is the Waveshare RS485 to PoE ETH (B) - the non-PoE version is described as per this guideline. There are no major differences between PoE and non-PoE devices, except for the convenience of powering those when you have multiple next in line.

I was trying different settings as I had some teething issues, and I noticed that it works better when the integration (I am using Home Assistant SolaX Modbus integration for my Solis inverter) is polling data more often (e.g., every 5 seconds). As much as no longer relevant, you can find more about those issues at the following address.

Solution Concepts

DLS-W - Solis Sensor, Home Assistant Solax Modbus, SolisMon3, Grafana

S2-WL-ST - Solis Sensor, Home Assistant Solax Modbus

Wiring

I recommend using one of the pairs from the Ethernet cable for RS485 wiring. e.g., A twisted pair of blue for RS485(A) and white-blue for RS485(B). There is no need for 120 Ohms resistors at each end of the RS485. Both, Waveshare and the Inverter have resistors built-in.

Configuration

Please use VirCom (not the Web Interface) to configure your Waveshare devices

Follow the prerequisite (Optional) - Waveshare firmware update to v1.486 - further discussed in this thread #14
The TCP Server on my diagram and presented here as 187 GW acts as a gateway for other network devices (e.g., the datalogger wired to TCP Client and for any compatible HA integration).
The Serial baud rate on the TCP Server is 9600 - default on the inverter; however, you can amend it independently to datalogger's settings - up to 38400 on the inverter, and match the same within TCP Server settings - increasing the baud rate is highly recommended.
The TCP Server - Modbus gateway type is set to Multi-host non-storage type - RS485 Multi-Host and Bus Conflict detection enabled.
The TCP Client - Modbus gateway type is set to Simple Modbus TCP to RTU - RS485 Multi-Host and Bus Conflict detection disabled.
You should use the IP address and the port number of your TCP Server when configuring any Modbus TCP compatible integration - e.g., like in the Home Assistant Solax Modbus installation notes.
Therefore, the TCP Client presented here as 171 DLG has its own IP address (irrevelevant), but within its Dest IP/Domain and Dest. Port config fields, it has to use the IP and the port of the TCP Server, and it needs the same Serial config as on a datalogger - baud rate 9600 - default for S2-WL-ST and S3-WIFI-ST dataloggers, where DLS-W baud rate can be amended via its hidden config web page http://IP/config_hide.html. The same applies to DLS-L under http://IP/hide_set.html, but it is password protected with username: admin, password: 8 characters linked with a datalogger
Both TCP Server and TCP Client - Transfer Protocol is set to Modbus_TCP Protocol - Waveshare is converting Modbus RTU messages to Modbus TCP and vice-versa - screenshots below.

TCP Server Config

More Advanced Settings for TCP Server

TCP Client Config

More Advanced Settings for TCP Client

The Waveshare used for the batteries connection is the same device, but the Transfer Protocol is set to None. I use VirCom to extend its connection to COMX on my laptop, so the software can connect to batteries and monitor them. Looking into using Modbus_TCP Protocol and integrating with HA via MQTT or even setting the MQTT on the Waveshare, but that is not my priority at the moment.

HA Integrations

Datalogger/Waveshare - Modbus TCP - direct connection - e.g., DLS-L, S2-WL-ST, Waveshare RS485 to PoE ETH (B)

Home Assistant Solax Modbus - stable since 2023.03.2b18
HA Solis Modbus

Datalogger - Solarman based - direct connection - e.g., DLS-W

Home Assistant Solarman

Cloud connection - any Solis datalogger

Solis Sensor

MQTT

SolisMon3 - advertising Solis' Inverter data to MQTT - compatible with DLS-W

Supported Solis Dataloggers

DLS-W
DLS-L
S2-WL-ST
S3-WIFI-ST

Untested Solis Dataloggers

S1-W4G-ST (4-pin)

Incompatible and untested Solis Dataloggers

The below will be incompatible with the 4-pin Exceedconn EC04681-2023-BF Male/Female connector, but could still work with the above HA Integrations

S1-W4G-ST (USB)
S4-WIFI-ST (USB)

Devices and cost

2 * £35.00 - Waveshare RS485 to PoE ETH (B) - https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/RS485_TO_POE_ETH_(B)

1 * £28.00 - PoE Switch - P-Link PoE Switch 5-Port 100 Mbps (TL-SF1005P)

1 * £12.00 - Exceedconn EC04681-2023-BF Male/Female for Solis/Ginlong Inverter RS-485 port

1 * £2.50 - DIN rail

1 * £20.00 - Sourcingmap 240mm x 160mm x 90mm Plastic Dustproof IP65 DIY Junction Box Power Protection Case - I recommend a bigger box = more expensive

1 * £6.00 - Pack M20 20mm IP68 Waterproof Red Cable Glands, Suitable for 6mm - 12mm Cables, Plastic Nylon Compression Glands Connectors with Locknut and Washer - AVARTEK

around £10.00 for some RJ45 cabling and connectors

Total Cost

£148.50 (pricing out of date) or £93.00 if you follow this discussion #24

Optional to connect batteries:

1 * £35.00 - Waveshare RS485 to PoE ETH (B) - https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/RS485_TO_POE_ETH_(B)

Final Result

Future work

Compatibility with other brands and inverters
More Solution Concepts
Battery Monitoring - HA, MQTT

DISCLAIMER

I AM NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY USE OR DAMAGE THIS DESIGN MAY CAUSE. THIS IS INTENDED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.

DONATIONS

IF YOU FOUND THIS USEFUL, YOU CAN BUY ME A BEER

alienatedsec / solis-ha-modbus-cloud