CSS Modules for Meteor
What are CSS Modules? "A CSS Module is a CSS file in which all class names and animation names are scoped locally by default." - CSS modules github
Why use CSS Modules? In short, you can separate your CSS into components, just like you do with the HTML and JavaScript for your Blaze or React Templates. Or, as stated on the main CSS modules page:
- No more conflicts.
- Explicit dependencies.
- No global scope.
Install using Meteor's package management system:
meteor add nathantreid:css-modulesBy default, this plugin will handle .css files as well as .m.css and .mss files (legacy). This can be adjusted in the package options.
See the wiki for more details.
node-sass, stylus, and sugarss are now user installed dependencies; they are still supported, but the npm packages are no longer bundled with the CSS modules package.
Instead, you must use meteor npm install to install them as needed.
Once installed, their behavior is unchanged: Sass and Stylus compilation require the extensions property to be set, and sugarss requires the parser option to be set.
See the wiki for more details.
hello.css
.hello {
composes: b from "./b.css";
color: red;
}b.css
.b {
font-weight: bold;
}hello.js
import styles from "/hello.css";
Template.hello.helpers({
styles: styles
});hello.html
<template name="hello">
<button class="{{styles.hello}}">Click Me</button>
</template>Relative imports are supported when using the import ... from syntax. Given the structure:
root
- client
- hello.js
- hello.css
you can do the following:
hello.js
import styles from "./hello.css";
Template.hello.helpers({
styles: styles
});All class names and animation names are scoped locally by default. Meaning that they are expanded to be prefixed for safe usage with other CSS-files. Sometimes you may need to reference some global class within the css-specifications.
:global switches to global scope for the current selector resp. identifier. :global(.xxx) resp. @keyframes :global(xxx) declares the stuff in brackets in the global scope.
Similar :local and :local(...) for local scope.
If the selector is switched into global mode, global mode is also activated for the rules. (this allows to make animation: abc; local)
Example:s
.localA :global .global-b .global-c :local(.localD.localE) .global-d
.myButton {
/* any css */
}
.myButton :global(.fa) {
/* any css */
}
Any PostCSS plugins can be used (as long they don't conflict with the CSS modules core plugins); the following PostCSS plugins are the core CSS modules plugins and therefore used by default:
- postcss-modules-values
- postcss-modules-local-by-default
- postcss-modules-extract-imports
- postcss-modules-scope
The above plugins are required for full CSS modules functionality; the first is optional unless you use values, but omitting the other three will likely result in errors.
Here is my standard plugin list (in load order):
- postcss-simple-vars
- postcss-modules-values
- postcss-nested
- postcss-modules-local-by-default
- postcss-modules-extract-imports
- postcss-modules-scope
- autoprefixer
How to load other PostCSS plugins or customize plugin options
You can load plugins by adding them to the dependencies or devDependencies in the package.json file,
then also listing them under a cssModules { postcssPlugins { } } entry in the same file.
If you modify the postcssPlugins option, make sure to also include the core CSS modules plugin as described above.
{
"devDependencies": {
"postcss-simple-vars": "1.1.0"
},
"cssModules": {
"postcssPlugins": {
"postcss-simple-vars": {},
"postcss-modules-local-by-default": {},
"postcss-modules-extract-imports": {},
"postcss-modules-scope": {},
}
}
}If a plugin you added is causing the build step to fail, carefully consider it's placement as the plugins are loaded in the order they are specified under the cssModules entry.
Plugin options can be set in 2 ways:
- inline in the package.json
- in files referenced from the package.json
To set inline options, specify them under the plugin entry like so:
"cssModules": {
"postcssPlugins": {
"my-postcss-plugin": {
"inlineOptions": {
"option1": true
}
}
}To reference options from a file, specify them under the plugin entry like so:
"cssModules": {
"postcssPlugins": {
"my-postcss-plugin": {
"fileOptions": [
"path/to/file1",
"path/to/file2"
]
}
}If you set inline and file options, they will be combined.
While explicit composition is a very good thing, sometimes global variables are a good thing, such as for colors which are constant throughout the app. Reimporting the variables every time you need them can get tiresome, but thankfully you can do so by including the postcss-simple-vars plugin!
First, install the postcss-simple-vars plugin and configure it to load. Next, create a json file to hold your global variables. For the sake of this example, create a colors.json file containing the following data:
colors.json
{
"primary": "green"
}This defines your first variable, primary. Now update your package.json with the following data:
package.json
{
"cssModules": {
"globalVariables": [
"colors.json"
]
}
}This is an array, so you can specify as many files as you like. Now to use the variable you created in any of your files:
example.css
.example {
color: $primary;
}Please see the demo for a working example.
To enable server-side processing, set "specificArchitecture": false in your cssModules config:
{
"cssModules": {
"specificArchitecture": false
}
}You can also use any archMatching option (the default is 'web', or client-side only processing). To only allow server-side processing, set "specificArchitecture": "os".
If you opt to develop with this package, note that Meteor will likely throw errors if you attempt to directly place this package in the packages folder. Instead, run the prepare.cmd (on Windows, or make a similar script for Linux/Mac) to copy only the package files to a new directory and symlink that into your packages folder. If you don't, Meteor may freak out about the test files that are included with this repository.
This plugin was developed using the CSS modules implementation found here: https://github.com/css-modules/css-modules-loader-core The Meteor 1.3 implementation drew inspiration from the excellent juliancwirko:postcss plugin.