M*LIB (M star lib) is a C library enabling to use generic and type safe container in pure C language, aka handling generic containers. The objects within the containers can still have proper constructor, destructor (and other methods): this is handled by the library. This makes it possible to construct fully recursive objects (container-of[...]-container-of-type-T), without erasing type information (typically using void pointers or resorting to C macro to access the container).
This is an equivalent of the C++ STL but for standard ISO C99. There is not a strict mapping as both the STL and M*LIB have their exclusive containers: See here for details.
M*LIB is portable to any systems that support ISO C99. Some optional features need at least ISO C11.
M*LIB is only composed of a set of headers. There is no C file: you just have to put the header in the search path of your compiler, and it will work. There is no dependency (except some other headers of M*LIB and the LIBC).
One of M*LIB's design key is to ensure safety. This is done by multiple means:
- in debug mode, defensive programming is extensively used: the contracts of the function are checked, ensuring that the data are not corrupted. For example, Buffer overflow are checked in this mode through bound checking or the intrinsic properties of a Red-Black tree are verified.
- very few casts are used within the library. Still the library can be used with the greatest level of warnings by a C compiler without any aliasing warning.
- the genericity is not done directly by macro, but indirectly by making them define inline functions with the proper prototypes: this enables the user calls to have proper warning checks.
Other key designs are:
- do not rewrite the C library and just wrap around it (for example don't rewrite sort but stable sort),
- do not make users pay the cost of what they don't need.
Due to the weak nature of the C language for pointers, type safe means that at least a warning is generated by the compiler in case of wrong type passed as container arguments to the functions.
M*LIB is still be quite-efficient: even if the implementation may not always be state of the art, there is no overhead in using this library rather than using direct C low-level access: the compiler is able to fully optimize the library calls since all the functions are declared as inline. In fact, M*LIB is one of the fastest generic C library you can find.
M*LIB uses internally the 'malloc', 'realloc' and 'free' functions to handle the memory pool. This behavior can be overridden at different level. M*LIB default policy is to abort the program if there is a memory error. However, this behavior can also be customized.
M*LIB may use a lot of assertions in its implementation to ensure safety: it is highly recommended to properly define NDEBUG for released programs.
M*LIB is distributed under BSD-2 simplified license.
It is strongly advised not to read the source to know how to use the library but rather read the examples or the tests.
In this documentation, 'shall' will be used to indicate a user constraint that is mandatory to follow under penalty of undefined behavior. 'should' will be used to indicate a recommendation to the user. All pointers expect non-null argument except if indicated.
The available containers that doesn't require the user structure to be modified are:
- m-array.h: header for creating array of generic type and of variable size,
- m-list.h: header for creating singly-linked list of generic type,
- m-deque.h: header for creating double-ended queue of generic type and of variable size,
- m-dict.h: header for creating generic dictionary or set of generic type (and of variable kind),
- m-rbtree.h: header for creating binary sorted tree of generic type,
- m-bptree.h: header for creating B+TREE of generic type,
- m-tuple.h: header for creating arbitrary tuple of generic type,
- m-variant.h: header for creating arbitrary variant of generic type,
- m-prioqueue.h: header for creating priority queue of generic type and of variable size,
The available containers of M*LIB for thread synchronization are:
- m-buffer.h: header for creating fixed-size queue (or stack) of generic type (multiple producer / multiple consumer),
- m-snapshot: header for creating 'snapshot' buffer for sharing synchronously big data (thread safe).
- m-shared.h: header for creating shared pointer of generic type.
- m-concurrent.h: header for transforming a container into a concurrent container.
- [m-c-mempool.h]: WIP header for creating fast concurrent memory allocation.
The following containers are intrusive (You need to modify your structure to add fields needed by the container):
- m-i-list.h: header for creating doubly-linked intrusive list of generic type,
- m-i-shared.h: header for creating intrusive shared pointer of generic type (Thread Safe),
Other headers offering other functionality are:
- m-string.h: header for creating dynamic variable-length string,
- m-bitset.h: header for creating bit set (or "packed array of bool"),
- m-algo.h: header for providing various generic algorithms to the previous containers.
- m-funcobj.h: header for creating function object (used by algorithm generation).
- m-mempool.h: header for creating specialized & fast memory allocator.
- m-worker.h: header for providing an easy pool of workers on separated threads to handle work orders, used for parallelism tasks.
- m-serial-json.h: header for importing / exporting the containers in JSON format.
- m-serial-bin.h: header for importing / exporting the containers in an adhoc fast binary format.
- [m-genint.h]: internal header for generating unique integers in a concurrent context.
- m-core.h: header for meta-programming with the C preprocessor (used by all other headers).
Finally headers for compatibility with non C11 compilers:
- m-atomic.h: header for ensuring compatibility between C's stdatomic.h and C++'s atomic header. Provide also an implementation over mutex if none is available.
- m-mutex.h: header for providing a very thin layer across multiple implementation of mutex/threads (C11/PTHREAD/WIN32).
Each containers define their iterators.
All containers try to expose the same interface: if the method name is the same, then it does the same thing and is used in the same way. In some rare case, the method has to be adapted to the container.
Each header can be used separately from others: dependency between headers have been kept to the minimum.
M*LIB is only composed of a set of headers, as such there is no build for the library. The library doesn't depend on any other library than the LIBC.
To run the test suite, run:
make check
To generate the documentation, run:
make doc
To install the headers, run:
make install PREFIX=/my/directory/where/to/install
Other targets exist. Mainly for development purpose.
To use these data structures, you include the desired header, instantiate the definition of the structure and its associated methods by using a macro _DEF for the needed type. Then you use the defined functions. Let's see a first simple example that creates a list of unsigned int:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "m-list.h"
LIST_DEF(list_uint, unsigned int) /* Define struct list_uint_t and its methods */
int main(void) {
list_uint_t list ; /* list_uint_t has been define above */
list_uint_init(list); /* All type needs to be initialized */
list_uint_push_back(list, 42); /* Push 42 in the list */
list_uint_push_back(list, 17); /* Push 17 in the list */
list_uint_it_t it; /* Define an iterator to scan each one */
for(list_uint_it(it, list) /* Start iterator on first element */
; !list_uint_end_p(it) /* Until the end is not reached */
; list_uint_next(it)) { /* Set the iterator to the next element*/
printf("%d\n", /* Get a reference to the underlying */
*list_uint_cref(it)); /* data and print it */
}
list_uint_clear(list); /* Clear all the list */
}
[ Do not forget to add -std=c99 (or c11) to your compile command to request a C99 compatible build ]
This looks like a typical C program except the line with 'LIST_DEF' that doesn't have any semi-colon at the end. And in fact, except this line, everything is typical C program and even macro free! The only macro is in fact LIST_DEF: this macro expands to the good type for the list of the defined type and to all the necessary functions needed to handle such type. It is heavily context dependent and can generate different code depending on it. You can use it as many times as needed to defined as many lists as you want. The first argument of the macro is the name to use, e.g. the prefix that is added to all generated functions and types. The second argument of the macro is the type to embed within the container. It can be any C type. The third argument of the macro is optional and is the oplist to use. See below for more information.
You could replace LIST_DEF by ARRAY_DEF to change the kind of container (an array instead of a linked list) without changing the code below: the generated interface of a list or of an array is very similar. Yet the performance remains the same as hand-written code for both the list variant and the array variant.
This is equivalent to this C++ program using the STL:
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
typedef std::list<unsigned int> list_uint_t;
typedef std::list<unsigned int>::iterator list_uint_it_t;
int main(void) {
list_uint_t list ; /* list_uint_t has been define above */
list.push_back(42); /* Push 42 in the list */
list.push_back(17); /* Push 17 in the list */
for(list_uint_it_t it = list.begin() /* Iterator is first element*/
; it != list.end() /* Until the end is not reached */
; ++it) { /* Set the iterator to the next element*/
std::cout << *it << '\n'; /* Print the underlying data */
}
}
As you can see, this is rather equivalent with the following remarks:
- M*LIB requires an explicit definition of the instance of the list,
- M*LIB code is more verbose in the method name,
- M*LIB needs explicit construction and destruction (as plain old C requests),
- M*LIB doesn't return a value to the underlying data but a pointer to this value:
- this was done for performance (it avoids copying all the data within the stack)
- and for generality reasons (some structure may not allow copying data).
Note: list_uint_t is internally defined as an array of structure of size 1. This has the following advantages:
- you effectively reserve the data whenever you declare a variable,
- you pass automatically the variable per reference for function calls,
- you can not copy the variable by an affectation (you have to use the API instead).
You can also condense the M*LIB code by using the M_EACH & M_LET macros if you are not afraid of using syntactic macros:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "m-list.h"
LIST_DEF(list_uint, unsigned int) /* Define struct list_uint_t and its methods */
int main(void) {
M_LET(list, LIST_OPLIST(uint)) { /* Define & init list as list_uint_t */
list_uint_push_back(list, 42); /* Push 42 in the list */
list_uint_push_back(list, 17); /* Push 17 in the list */
for M_EACH(item, list, LIST_OPLIST(uint)) {
printf("%d\n", *item); /* Print the item */
}
} /* Clear of list will be done now */
}
Here is another example with a complete type (with proper initialization & clear function) by using the GMP library:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gmp.h>
#include "m-array.h"
ARRAY_DEF(array_mpz, mpz_t, (INIT(mpz_init), INIT_SET(mpz_init_set), SET(mpz_set), CLEAR(mpz_clear)) )
int main(void) {
array_mpz_t array ; /* array_mpz_t has been define above */
array_mpz_init(array); /* All type needs to be initialized */
mpz_t z; /* Define a mpz_t type */
mpz_init(z); /* Initialize the z variable */
mpz_set_ui (z, 42);
array_mpz_push_back(array, z); /* Push 42 in the array */
mpz_set_ui (z, 17);
array_mpz_push_back(array, z); /* Push 17 in the array */
array_it_mpz_t it; /* Define an iterator to scan each one */
for(array_mpz_it(it, array) /* Start iterator on first element */
; !array_mpz_end_p(it) /* Until the end is not reached */
; array_mpz_next(it)) { /* Set the iterator to the next element*/
gmp_printf("%Zd\n", /* Get a reference to the underlying */
*array_mpz_cref(it)); /* data and print it */
}
mpz_clear(z); /* Clear the z variable */
array_mpz_clear(array); /* Clear all the array */
}
As the mpz_t type needs proper initialization, copy and destroy functions we need to tell to the container how to handle such a type. This is done by giving it the oplist associated to the type. An oplist is an associative array where the operators are associated to methods. In the example, we tell to the container to use the mpz_init function for the INIT operator of the type, the mpz_clear function for the CLEAR operator of the type, the mpz_set function for the SET operator of the type, the mpz_init_set function for the INIT_SET operator of the type. See oplist chapter for more information.
We can also write the same example shorter:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gmp.h>
#include "m-array.h"
// Register the oplist of a mpz_t. It is a classic oplist.
#define M_OPL_mpz_t() M_CLASSIC_OPLIST(mpz)
// Define an instance of an array of mpz_t (both type and function)
ARRAY_DEF(array_mpz, mpz_t)
// Register the oplist of the created instance of array of mpz_t
#define M_OPL_array_mpz_t() ARRAY_OPLIST(array_mpz, M_OPL_mpz_t())
int main(void) {
// Let's define 'array' as an 'array_mpz_t' & initialize it.
M_LET(array, array_mpz_t)
// Let's define 'z1' and 'z2' to be 'mpz_t' & initialize it
M_LET (z1, z2, mpz_t) {
mpz_set_ui (z1, 42);
array_mpz_push_back(array, z1); /* Push 42 in the array */
mpz_set_ui (z2, 17);
array_mpz_push_back(array, z2); /* Push 17 in the array */
// Let's iterate over all items of the container
for M_EACH(item, array, array_mpz_t) {
gmp_printf("%Zd\n", *item);
}
} // All variables are cleared with the proper method beyond this point.
return 0;
}
Or even shorter when you're comfortable enough with the library:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gmp.h>
#include "m-array.h"
// Register the oplist of a mpz_t. It is a classic oplist.
#define M_OPL_mpz_t() M_OPEXTEND(M_CLASSIC_OPLIST(mpz), INIT_WITH(mpz_init_set_ui) )
// Define an instance of an array of mpz_t (both type and function)
ARRAY_DEF(array_mpz, mpz_t)
// Register the oplist of the created instance of array of mpz_t
#define M_OPL_array_mpz_t() ARRAY_OPLIST(array_mpz, M_OPL_mpz_t())
int main(void) {
// Let's define & init 'z1=42' and 'z2=17' to be 'mpz_t'
M_LET ((z1,42), (z2,17), mpz_t)
// Let's define 'array' as an 'array_mpz_t' with 'z1' and 'z2'
M_LET((array,z1,z2), array_mpz_t) {
// Let's iterate over all items of the container
for M_EACH(item, array, array_mpz_t) {
gmp_printf("%Zd\n", *item);
}
} // All variables are cleared with the proper method beyond this point.
return 0;
}
There are two ways a container can known what is the oplist of a type:
- either the oplist is passed explicitly for each definition of container and for the LET & EACH macros,
- or the oplist is registered globally by defining a new macro starting with the prefix M_OPL_ and finishing with the name of type (don't forget the parenthesis). The macros performing the definition of container and the LET & EACH will test if such macro is defined. If it is defined, it will be used. Otherwise default methods are used.
Here we can see that we register the mpz_t type into the container with the minimum information of its interface needed.
We can also see in this example so the container ARRAY provides also a macro to define the oplist of the array itself. This is true for all containers and this enables to define proper recursive container like in this example which reads from a text file a definition of sections:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "m-array.h"
#include "m-tuple.h"
#include "m-dict.h"
#include "m-string.h"
TUPLE_DEF2(symbol, (offset, long), (value, long))
#define M_OPL_symbol_t() TUPLE_OPLIST(symbol, M_DEFAULT_OPLIST, M_DEFAULT_OPLIST)
ARRAY_DEF(array_symbol, symbol_t)
#define M_OPL_array_symbol_t() ARRAY_OPLIST(array_symbol, M_OPL_symbol_t())
DICT_DEF2(sections, string_t, array_symbol_t)
#define M_OPL_sections_t() DICT_OPLIST(sections, STRING_OPLIST, M_OPL_array_symbol_t())
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
if (argc < 2) abort();
FILE *f = fopen(argv[1], "rt");
if (!f) abort();
M_LET(sc, sections_t) {
sections_in_str(sc, f);
array_symbol_t *a = sections_get(sc, STRING_CTE(".text"));
if (a == NULL) {
printf("There is no .text section.");
} else {
printf("Section .text is :");
array_symbol_out_str(stdout, *a);
printf("\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
This example reads the data from a file and outputs the .text section if it finds it on the terminal.
Other examples are available in the example folder.
Internal fields of the structure are subject to change even for small revision of the library.
The final goal of the library is to be able to write code like this in pure C while keeping type safety and compile time name resolution:
let(list, list_uint_t) {
push(list, 42);
push(list, 17);
for each (item, list) {
print(item, "\n");
}
}
An OPLIST is a fundamental notion of M*LIB that hasn't be used in any other library. In order to know how to operate on a type, M*LIB needs additional information as the compiler doesn't know how to handle properly any type (contrary to C++). This is done by giving an operator list (or oplist in short) to any macro that needs to handle the type. As such, an oplist as only meaning within a macro expansion. Fundamentally, this is the exposed interface of a type with documented operators using an associative array implemented with the only C preprocessor where the operators are the predefined keys and the methods are the values.
An oplist is an associative array of operator over methods in the following format:
(OPERATOR1(method1), OPERATOR2(method2), ...)
The function 'method1' is used to handle 'OPERATOR1'. The function 'method2' is used to handle 'OPERATOR2'. etc. The order of the operator in this list is the priority order: in case the same operator appear multiple times in the list, the first one is the priority.
It is used to perform the association between the operation on a type and the function that performs this operation. Without an oplist, M*LIB has no way to known how to deal with your type and will deal with it like a classic C type.
When you define an instance of a new container, you give the type oplist
you want to use as the base of the container. This type oplist performs
the association between the operators and the methods for the type.
In function of the available interface of the oplist, the container definition macro
function generates the interface of the container. You can then use this interface
directly. You can also use the oplist of the container to chain this new interface
with another container, creating container-of-container.
A function name can be followed by the token M_IPTR in the oplist
(for example: (INIT(init_func M_IPTR)) )
to specify that the function accept as its first argument a pointer
to the type rather than the type itself
(aka the prototype is init_func(type *
) instead of init_func(type)).
If you use the '[1]' trick (see below), you won't need this.
See also the API_* transformation call below for further transformation
means of the calls.
An oplist has no real form from a C language point of view. It is just an abstraction that disappears after the macro expansion step of the preprocessing.
For each object / container, an oplist is needed and the following operators are usually expected for an object:
- INIT constructor(obj): initialize the object 'obj' into a valid state.
- INIT_SET constructor(obj, org): initialize the object 'obj' into the same state as the object 'org'.
- SET operator(obj, org): set the initialized object 'obj' into the same state as the initialized object org.
- CLEAR destructor(obj): destroy the initialized object 'obj', releasing any attached memory. This method shall never fail.
INIT, INIT_SET & SET methods shall only fail due to memory errors.
Not all operators are needed within an oplist to handle a container. If some operator is missing, the associated default operator of the function is used. To use C integer or float types, the default constructors are perfectly fine: you may use M_DEFAULT_OPLIST to define the operator list of such types or you can just omit it.
NOTE: An iterator doesn't have a constructor nor destructor methods. It shall not allocate any memory. A reference to an object through an iterator is only valid until another reference is taken from the same container (potentially through another iterator), the iterator is moved, or the container changed. Some containers may lessen these constraints.
Other documented operators are:
- NAME() --> prefix: Return the base name (prefix) used to construct the container.
- TYPE() --> type: Return the base type associated to this oplist.
- SUBTYPE() --> type: Return the type of the element stored in the container.
- OPLIST() --> oplist: Return the oplist of the type of the elements stored in the container.
- KEY_TYPE() --> key_t: Return the type of key for associative containers.
- VALUE_TYPE() --> value_t: Return the type of value for associative containers.
- KEY_OPLIST() --> oplist: Return the oplist of the key for associative containers.
- VALUE_OPLIST() --> oplist: Return the oplist of the value for associative containers.
- NEW (type) -> type pointer: allocate a new object (with suitable alignment and size) and return a pointer to it. The returned object is not initialized (INIT operator shall be called afterward). The default method is M_MEMORY_ALLOC (that allocates from the heap). It returns NULL in case of failure.
- DEL (&obj): free the allocated uninitialized object 'obj'. The object is not cleared before being free (CLEAR operator shall be called before). The object shall have been allocated by the associated NEW method. The default method is M_MEMORY_DEL (that frees to the heap).
- REALLOC(type, type pointer, number) --> type pointer: realloc the given array referenced by type pointer (either a NULL pointer or a pointer returned by the associated REALLOC method itself) to an array of the number of objects of this type and return a pointer to this new array. Previously objects pointed by the pointer are kept up to the minimum of the new size and old one. New objects are not initialized (INIT operator shall be called afterward). Freed objects are not cleared (CLEAR operator shall be called before). The default is M_MEMORY_REALLOC (that allocates from the heap). It returns NULL in case of failure in which case the original array is not modified.
- FREE (&obj) : free the allocated uninitialized array object 'obj'. The objects are not cleared before being free (CLEAR operator has to be called before). The object shall have been allocated by the associated REALLOC method. The default is M_MEMORY_FREE (that frees to the heap).
- INC_ALLOC(size_t s) -> size_t: Define the growing policy of an array (or equivalent structure). It returns a new allocation size based on the old allocation size ('s'). Default policy is to get the max between '2*s' and 16. If the returned value is lower than the old one, it is assumed that the size has overflowed.
- INIT_MOVE(objd, objc): Initialize 'objd' to the same state than 'objc' by stealing as much resources as possible from 'objc', and then clear 'objc'. It is semantically equivalent to calling INIT_SET(objd,objc) then CLEAR(objc) but is usually way faster. By default, all objects are assumed to be trivially movable (i.e. using memcpy to move an object is safe). Most C objects (even complex structure) are trivially movable. A notable exception are (in general) intrusive objects. If an object is not trivially movable, it shall provide an INIT_MOVE method or disable the INIT_MOVE method entirely. An INIT_MOVE operator cannot fail due to memory failure.
- MOVE(objd, objc): Set 'objd' to the same state than 'objc' by stealing as resources as possible from 'objc' and then clear 'objc'. It is equivalent to calling SET(objd,objc) then CLEAR(objc) or CLEAR(objd) and then INIT_MOVE(objd, objc). TBC if operator is really needed as calling CLEAR then INIT_MOVE is what do all known implementation. A MOVE operator cannot fail due to memory failure.
- INIT_WITH(obj, ...): Initialize the object 'obj' with a variable set of arguments. Arguments can be of different types and is up to the method to decide how to initialize the object based on this set. This is used in the M_LET macro to initialize objects with the given values.
- SWAP(objd, objc): Swap the states of the object 'objc' and the object 'objd'.
- CLEAN(obj): Empty the container from all its objects. Nearly like CLEAR except that the container 'obj' remains initialized (but empty).
- HASH (obj) --> size_t: return a hash of the object (not a secure hash but one that is usable for a hash table). Default is performing a hash of the memory representation of the object. This default implementation is invalid if the object holds pointer to other objects.
- EQUAL(obj1, obj2) --> bool: Compare the object for equality. return true if both objects are equal, false otherwise. Default is using the C comparison operator. The method may be called with OOR object for the Open Addressing dictionary (in which case it shall return false).
- CMP(obj1, obj2) --> int: Provide a complete order the objects. return a negative integer if obj1 < obj2, 0 if obj1 = obj2, a positive integer otherwise. Default is C comparison operator.
- ADD(obj1, obj2, obj3) : Set obj1 to the sum of obj2 and obj3. Default is '+' C operator.
- SUB(obj1, obj2, obj3) : Set obj1 to the difference of obj2 and obj3. Default is '-' C operator.
- MUL(obj1, obj2, obj3) : Set obj1 to the product of obj2 and obj3. Default is '*' C operator.
- DIV(obj1, obj2, obj3) : Set obj1 to the division of obj2 and obj3. Default is '/' C operator.
- GET_KEY (container, key) --> &obj: Return a pointer to the object within the container associated to the key 'key' or return NULL if no object is associated to this key. The pointer to the object remains valid until any modification of the container.
- SET_KEY (container, key, object): Associate the key 'key' to the object 'object' in the given container.
- GET_SET_KEY (container, key) --> &obj: return a pointer to the object within the container associated to the key 'key' or create a new object in the container, associate it to the key 'key' and return its pointer. The pointer to the object remains valid until any modification of the container. The returned pointer is never NULL.
- ERASE_KEY (container, key) --> bool: Erase the object associated to the key 'key' within the container. Return true if successful, false if the key is not found.
- GET_SIZE (container) --> size_t: Return the number of elements in the container.
- PUSH(container, obj) : Push 'object' into 'container'. How & where it is pushed is container dependent.
- POP(&obj, container) : Pop an object from 'container' and save it in '*obj' if obj is not NULL (giving back the ownership to the caller). Which object is popped is container dependent. The container shall have at least one object.
- PUSH_MOVE(container, &obj) : Push and move the object '*obj' into 'container'. How it is pushed is container dependent but '*obj' is cleared afterward.
- POP_MOVE(&obj, container) : Pop an object from 'container' and init & move it in '*obj'. Which object is popped is container dependent. '*obj' shall be uninitialized. The container shall have at least one object.
- SPLICE_BACK(containerDst, containerSrc, it): Move the object referenced by the iterator 'it' from the container 'containerSrc' into 'containerDst'. Where it is moved is container dependent (it is however likely to be just like for the PUSH method). Afterward 'it' references the next item in 'containerSrc'.
- SPLICE_AT(containerDst, itDst, containerSrc, itSrc): Move the object referenced by the iterator 'itSrc' from the container 'containerSrc' just after the object referenced by the iterator 'itDst' in the container 'containerDst'. If 'itDst' doesn't reference a valid object (end value), it is inserted as the first item of the container (See method 'INSERT'). Afterward 'itSrc' references the next item in the container 'containerSrc'and 'itDst' references the moved item in the container 'containerDst'.
- IT_TYPE() --> type: Return the type of an iterator object of this container.
- IT_FIRST(it_obj, container): Set the object iterator it_obj to the first sub-element of container. What is the first element is container dependent (it may be front or back, or something else). However, iterating from FIRST to LAST and finally END ensures going through all elements of the container.
- IT_LAST(it_obj, container): set the object iterator it_obj to the last sub-element of container. What is the last element is container dependent (it may be front or back, or something else).
- IT_END(it_obj, container): Set the object iterator it_obj to the end of the container (Can't use PREVIOUS or NEXT afterward). The END means that there is no object referenced by the iterator.
- IT_SET(it_obj, it_obj2): Set the object iterator it_obj to it_obj2.
- IT_END_P(it_obj)--> bool: Return true if it_obj references the end of the container.
- IT_LAST_P(it_obj)--> bool: Return true if the iterator it_obj has reached the end of the container or if the iterator references the last element (just before the end).
- IT_EQUAL_P(it_obj, it_obj2) --> bool: Return true if both iterators reference the same element.
- IT_NEXT(it_obj): Move the iterator to the next sub-component. The direction of NEXT is container dependent.
- IT_PREVIOUS(it_obj): Move the iterator to the previous sub-component. The direction of PREVIOUS is container dependent, but it is assumed to be the reverse of NEXT.
- IT_CREF(it_obj) --> &obj: Return a constant pointer to the object referenced by the iterator. This pointer is valid until any modifying operation on the container, or until another reference is taken from this container (some particular container may reduce theses constraints).
- IT_REF(it_obj) --> &obj: Return a pointer to the object referenced by the iterator. This pointer is valid until any modifying operation on the container, or until another reference is taken from this container (some particular container may reduce theses constraints).
- IT_INSERT(container, it_obj, obj): Insert 'obj' after 'it_obj' in the container and update it_obj to point to the inserted object. All other iterators of the same container become invalidated.
- IT_REMOVE(container, it_obj): Remove it_obj from the container (clearing the associated object) and update it_obj to point to the next object. All other iterators of the same container become invalidated.
- OUT_STR(FILE* f, obj): Output 'obj' as a string into the FILE stream 'f'.
- IN_STR(obj, FILE* f) --> bool: Set 'obj' to the value associated to the string representation of the object in the FILE stream 'f'. Return true in case of success (in that case the stream 'f' has been advanced to the end of the parsing of the object), false otherwise (in that case, the stream 'f' is in an undetermined position but is likely where the parsing fails).
- GET_STR(string_t str, obj, bool append): Set 'str' to a string representation of the object 'obj'. Append to the string if 'append' is true, set it otherwise. This requires the module m-string.
- PARSE_STR(obj, const char *str, const char **endp) --> bool: Set 'obj' to the value associated to the string representation of the object in the char stream 'str'. Return true in case of success (in that case if endp is not NULL, it points to the end of the parsing of the object), false otherwise (in that case, if endp is not NULL, it points to an undetermined position but likely to be where the parsing fails).
- OUT_SERIAL(m_serial_write_t *serial, obj) --> m_serial_return_code_t : Output 'obj' into the configurable serialization stream 'serial' (See #m-serial-json.h for details and example). Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE in case of success, or M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise .
- IN_SERIAL(obj, m_serial_read_t *serial) --> m_serial_return_code_t: Set 'obj' to its representation from the configurable serialization stream 'serial' (See #m-serial-json.h for details and example). M_SERIAL_OK_DONE in case of success (in that case the stream 'serial' has been advanced up to the complete parsing of the object), or M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise (in that case, the stream 'serial' is in an undetermined position but usually around the next characters after the first failure).
- UPDATE(dest, src): Update the object 'dest' with the object 'src'. What it does exactly is container dependent. It can either SET or ADD to the node the new 'src' (default is SET).
- OOR_SET(obj, int_value): Some containers want to store some information within the uninitialized objects (for example Open Addressing Hash Table). This method stores the integer value 'int_value' into an uninitialized object 'obj'. It shall be able to differentiate between uninitialized object and initialized object (How is type dependent). The way to store this information is fully object dependent. In general, you use out-of-range value for detecting such values. The object remains uninitialized but sets to of out-of-range value (OOR). int_value can be 0 or 1.
- OOR_EQUAL(obj, int_value): This method compares the object 'obj' (initialized or uninitialized) to the out-of-range value (OOR) representation associated to 'int_value' and returns true if both objects are equal, false otherwise. See OOR_SET.
- REVERSE(container) : Reverse the order of the items in the container.
- SEPARATOR() --> character: Return the character used to separate items for I/O methods (default is ',')
- EXT_ALGO(name, container oplist, object oplist): Define additional algorithms functions specialized for the containers (for internal use only by m-algo).
More operators are expected.
Example:
(INIT(mpz_init),SET(mpz_set),INIT_SET(mpz_init_set),CLEAR(mpz_clear))
If there is two operations with the same name in an oplist, the left one has the priority. This enables partial overriding.
Oplists can be registered globally by defining, for the type 'type', a macro named M_OPL_ ## type () that expands to the oplist of the type. Only type without space in their name can be registered. A typedef of the type can be used instead through. This can simplify a lot OPLIST usage.
Example:
#define M_OPL_mpz_t() M_CLASSIC_OPLIST(mpz)
Within an OPLIST, you can also specify the needed low-level transformation to perform for the method. This is called API type. Assuming that the method to call is called 'method' and the first argument of the operator is 'output', then the following transformation are applied:
- API_0: method(output, ...) /* Default transformation API */
- API_1: method(oplist, output, ...) /* Give oplist to the method */
- API_2: method(&output, ...) /* Pass by address the first argument (like with M_IPTR) */
- API_3: method(oplist, &output, ...) /* Pass by address the first argument (like with M_IPTR) and give the oplist of the type */
- API_4 : output = method(...) /* Pass by return value the first argument */
- API_5: output = method(oplist, ...) /* Pass by return value the first argument and give the oplist of the type */
- API_6 : method(&output, &...) /* Pass by address the two first arguments */
- API_7: method(oplist, &output, &...) /* Pass by address the two first argument and give the oplist of the type */
Example:
(INIT(API_0(mpz_init)), SET(API_0(mpz_set)), INIT_SET(API_0(mpz_init_set)), CLEAR(API_0(mpz_clear)))
An operator OP can be defined, omitted or disabled:
- ( OP(f) ): the function f is the method of the operator OP
- ( ): the operator NEW OP omitted, and the default global operation for OP is used.
- ( OP(0) ): the operator OP is disabled, and it can never be used.
My type is:
- a C boolean: M_BOOL_OPLIST (M_DEFAULT_OPLIST also works partially),
- a C integer or a C float: M_DEFAULT_OPLIST (it can also be omitted),
- a C enumerate: M_ENUM_OPLIST,
- a pointer to something (the contained do nothing on the pointed object): M_PTR_OPLIST,
- a plain structure that can be init/copy/compare with memset/memcpy/memcmp: M_POD_OPLIST,
- a plain structure that is passed by reference using [1] and can be init,copy,compare with memset,memcpy,memcmp: M_A1_OPLIST,
- a type that offers name_init, name_init_set, name_set, name_clear methods: M_CLASSIC_OPLIST,
- a const string (const char *) that is neither freed nor moved: M_CSTR_OPLIST,
- a M*LIB string_t: STRING_OPLIST,
- a M*LIB container: the OPLIST of the used container,
- other things: you need to provide a custom OPLIST to your type.
Note: The precise exported methods of the oplists depend of the version of the C language used. Typically, in C11 mode, the M_DEFAULT_OPLIST exports all needed methods to handle generic input/output of int/floats (using _Generic) whereas it is not possible in C99 mode.
This explains why JSON import/export is only available in C11 mode (See below chapter).
Memory Allocation functions can be globally set by overriding the following macros before using the definition _DEF macros:
- M_MEMORY_ALLOC (type): return a pointer to a new object of type 'type'.
- M_MEMORY_DEL (ptr): free the single object pointed by 'ptr'.
- M_MEMORY_REALLOC (type, ptr, number): return a pointer to an array of 'number' objects of type 'type', reusing the old array pointed by 'ptr'. 'ptr' can be NULL, in that case the array will be created.
- M_MEMORY_FREE (ptr): free the array of objects pointed by 'ptr'.
ALLOC & DEL operators are supposed to allocate fixed size single element object (no array). Theses objects are not expected to grow. REALLOC & FREE operators deal with allocated memory for growing objects. Do not mix pointers between both: a pointer allocated by ALLOC (resp. REALLOC) is supposed to be only freed by DEL (resp. FREE). There are separated 'free' operators to enable specialization in the allocator (a good allocator can take this hint into account).
M_MEMORY_ALLOC and M_MEMORY_REALLOC are supposed to return NULL in case of memory allocation failure. The defaults are 'malloc', 'free', 'realloc' and 'free'.
You can also override the methods NEW, DEL, REALLOC & DEL in the oplist given to a container so that only the container will use these memory allocation functions.
When a memory exhaustion is reached, the global macro "M_MEMORY_FULL" is called and the function returns immediately after. The object remains in a valid (if previously valid) and unchanged state in this case.
By default, the macro prints an error message and aborts the program: handling non-trivial memory errors can be hard, testing them is even harder but still mandatory to avoid security holes. So the default behavior is rather conservative.
Indeed, a good design should handle a process entire failure (using for examples multiple processes for doing the job) so that even if a process stops, it should be recovered. See here for more information about why abandonment is good software practice.
It can however be overloaded to handle other policy for error handling like:
- throwing an error (in that case, the user is responsible to free memory of the allocated objects - destructor can still be called),
- set a global error and handle it when the function returns,
- other policy.
This function takes the size in bytes of the memory that has been tried to be allocated.
If needed, this macro shall be defined prior to instantiate the structure.
NOTE: Throwing an error is not fully supported yet. Some help from the library is needed to avoid losing memory. See issue #15.
M*LIB implements internally some controls to reduce the list of errors/warnings generated by a compiler when it detects some violation in the use of oplist by use of static assertion. It can also transform some type warnings into proper errors. In C99 mode, it will produce illegal code with the name of the error as attribute. In C11 mode, it will use static assert and produce a detailed error message.
The list of errors it can generate:
- M_LIB_NOT_AN_OPLIST: something has been given (directly or indirectly) and it doesn't reduce as a proper oplist. You need to give an oplist for this definition.
- M_LIB_ERROR(ARGUMENT_OF_*_OPLIST_IS_NOT_AN_OPLIST, name, oplist): sub error of the previous error one, identifying the root cause. The error is in the oplist construction of the given macro. You need to give an oplist for this oplist construction.
- M_LIB_MISSING_METHOD: a required operator doesn't define any method in the given oplist. You need to complete the oplist with the missing method.
- M_LIB_TYPE_MISTMACH: the given oplist and the type do not match each other. You need to give the right oplist for this type.
- M_LIB_NOT_A_DEFAULT_TYPE: The oplist M_DEFAULT_OPLIST (directly or indirectly) has been used with the given type, but the given type is not a default type. You need to give the right oplist for this type.
You should focus mainly on the first reported error/warning even if the link between what the compiler report and what the error is is not immediate. The error is always in one of the oplist definition.
Examples of typical errors:
- lack of inclusion of an header,
- overriding locally operator names by macros (like NEW, DEL, INIT, OPLIST, ...),
- lack of ( ) or double level of ( ) around the oplist,
- an unknown variable (example using DEFAULT_OPLIST instead of M_DEFAULT_OPLIST or M_STRING_OPLIST instead of STRING_OPLIST),
- the name given to the oplist is not the same as the one used to define the methods,
- use of a type instead of an oplist in the OPLIST definition,
- a missing sub oplist in the OPLIST definition.
A good way to avoid theses errors is to register the oplist globally as soon as you define the container.
In case of difficulties, debugging can be done by generating the preprocessed file (by usually calling the compiler with the '-E' option instead of '-c') and check what's wrong in the preprocessed file:
cc -std=c99 -E test-file.c > test-file.i
perl -pi -e 's/;/;\n/g' test-file.i
cc -std=c99 -c -Wall test-file.i
If there is a warning reported by the compiler in the generated code, then there is definitely an error you should fix (except if it reports shadowed variables), in particular cast evolving pointers.
All bench codes are available in the bench directory. The results are available in a separate page.
Many other implementation of generic container libraries in C exist. For example:
- BKTHOMPS/CONTAINERS
- BSD tree.h
- CDSA
- CELLO
- C-Macro-Collections
- COLLECTIONS-C
- CONCURRENCY KIT
- CTEMPLATES
- GDB internal library
- GENCCONT: Generic C Containers
- Generic-Container-Lib
- GLIB
- KLIB
- LIBCHASTE
- LIBCOLLECTION
- LIBCONTAINER
- LIBDICT
- LIBDYNAMIC
- LIBLFDS
- LIBGENERICS
- LIBNIH
- LIBSRT: Safe Real-Time library for the C programming language
- NEDTRIES
- OKLIB
- Open General C Container Collections
- QLIBC
- RayLanguage
- Red-black tree implementation
- SGLIB
- Smart pointer for GNUC
- STB stretchy_buffer
- TommyDS
- UTHASH
Each can be classified into one of the following concept:
- Each object is handled through a pointer to void (with potential registered callbacks to handle the contained objects for the specialized methods). From a user point of view, this makes the code harder to use (as you don't have any help from the compiler) and type unsafe with a lot of cast (so no formal proof of the code is possible). This also generally generate slower code (even if using link time optimization, this penalty can be reduced). Properly used, it can yet be the most space efficient for the code, but can consume a lot more for the data due to the obligation of using pointers. This is however the easiest to design & code.
- Macros are used to access structures in a generic way (using known fields of a structure - typically size, number, etc.). From a user point of view, this can create subtitle bug in the use of the library (as everything is done through macro expansion in the user defined code) or hard to understand warnings. This can generates fully efficient code. From a library developer point of view, this can be quite limiting in what you can offer.
- A known structure is put in an intrusive way in the type of all the objects you wan to handle. From a user point of view, he needs to modify its structure and has to perform all the allocation & deallocation code itself (which is good or bad depending on the context). This can generate efficient code (both in speed and size). From a library developer point of view, this is easy to design & code. You need internally a cast to go from a pointer to the known structure to the pointed object (a reverse of offsetof) that is generally type unsafe (except if mixed with the macro generating concept). This is quite limitation in what you can do: you can't move your objects so any container that has to move some objects is out-of-question (which means that you cannot use the most efficient container).
- Header files are included multiple times with different contexts (some different values given to defined macros) in order to generate different code for each type. From a user point of view, this creates a new step before using the container: an instantiating stage that has to be done once per type and per compilation unit (The user is responsible to create only one instance of the container, which can be troublesome if the library doesn't handle proper prefix for its naming convention). The debug of the library is generally easy and can generate fully specialized & efficient code. Incorrectly used, this can generate a lot of code bloat. Properly used, this can even create smaller code than the void pointer variant. The interface used to configure the library can be quite tiresome in case of a lot of specialized methods to configure: it doesn't enable to chain the configuration from a container to another one easily. It also cannot have heavy customization of the code.
- Macros are used to generate context-dependent C code enabling to generate code for different type. This is pretty much like the headers solution but with added flexibility. From a user point of view, this creates a new step before using the container: an instantiating stage that has to be done once per type and per compilation unit (The user is responsible to create only one instance of the container, which can be troublesome if the library doesn't handle proper prefix for its naming convention). This can generate fully specialized & efficient code. Incorrectly used, this can generate a lot of code bloat. Properly used, this can even create smaller code than the void pointer variant. From a library developer point of view, the library is harder to design and to debug: everything being expanded in one line, you can't step in the library (there is however a solution to overcome this limitation by adding another stage to the compilation process). You can however see the generated code by looking at the preprocessed file. You can perform heavy context-dependent customization of the code (transforming the macro preprocessing step into its own language). Properly done, you can also chain the methods from a container to another one easily, enabling expansion of the library. Errors within the macro expansion are generally hard to decipher, but errors in code using containers are easy to read and natural.
M*LIB's category is mainly the last one. Some macros are also defined to access structure in a generic way, but they are optional. There are also intrusive containers.
M*LIB main added value compared to other libraries is its oplist feature enabling it to chain the containers and/or use complex types in containers: list of array of dictionary of C++ objects are perfectly supported by M*LIB.
For the macro-preprocessing part, other libraries also exist. For example:
For the string library, there is for example:
- The Better String Library with a page that lists a lot of other string libraries.
- VSTR with a page that lists a lot of other string libraries.
- SDS
- RAPIDSTRING
The M*LIB reference card is available here.
This header is for creating singly linked list.
A linked list is a linear collection of elements, in which each element points to the next, all representing a sequence.
Define the singly linked list named 'name##_t' that contains objects of type 'type' and the associated methods as "static inline" functions. 'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the list. It will be used to create all the types and functions to handle the container. This definition shall be done once per name and per compilation unit. It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions.
A fundamental property of a list is that the objects created within the list will remain at their initialized address, and won't moved due to operations done on the list (except if it is removed).
The type oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR). If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used if there is one available. The created methods use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
For this structure, the back is always the first element, and the front is the last element: the list grows from the back.
Example:
LIST_DEF(list_uint, unsigned int)
list_uint_t list_of_integer;
void fi(unsigned int z) {
list_uint_push_back (list_of_integer, z);
}
LIST_DEF(list_mpz, mpz_t, \
(INIT(mpz_init), INIT_SET(mpz_init_set), SET(mpz_set), CLEAR(mpz_clear)))
list_mpz_t my_list;
void fz(mpz_t z) {
list_mpz_push_back (my_list, z);
}
If the given oplist contain the method MEMPOOL, then LIST_DEF macro will create a dedicated mempool that is named with the given value of the method MEMPOOL. This mempool (see mempool chapter) is optimized for this kind of list:
- it creates a mempool named by the concatenation of "name" and "_mempool",
- it creates a variable named by the value of the method MEMPOOL with the linkage defined by the value of the method MEMPOOL_LINKAGE (can be extern, static or none). This variable is shared by all lists of the same type.
- it links the memory allocation of the list to use this mempool with this variable.
mempool create heavily efficient list. However it is only worth the effort in some heavy performance context. The created mempool has to be explicitly initialized before using any methods of the created list by calling mempool_list_name_init(variable) and cleared by calling mempool_list_name_clear(variable).
Example:
LIST_DEF(list_uint, unsigned int, (MEMPOOL(list_mpool), MEMPOOL_LINKAGE(static)))
static void test_list (size_t n)
{
list_uint_mempool_init(list_mpool);
M_LET(a1, LIST_OPLIST(uint)) {
for(size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
list_uint_push_back(a1, rand_get() );
}
list_uint_mempool_clear(list_mpool);
}
Same as LIST_DEF except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t are provided.
Return the oplist of the list defined by calling LIST_DEF & LIST_DUAL_PUSH_DEF with name & oplist. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used.
In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type. The following types are automatically defined by the previous definition macro:
Type of the list of 'type'.
Type of an iterator over this list.
The following methods are automatically created by the previous definition macro:
Initialize the list 'list' (aka constructor) to an empty list.
Initialize the list 'list' (aka constructor) and set it to a copy of 'ref'.
Set the list 'list' to the a copy of 'ref'.
Initialize the list 'list' (aka constructor) by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared and can no longer be used.
Set the list 'list' (aka constructor) by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared and can no longer be used.
Clear the list 'list (aka destructor), calling the CLEAR method of all the objects of the list and freeing memory. The list can't be used anymore, except with a constructor.
Clean the list (the list becomes empty). It is like CLEAR but the list remains initialized and empty.
Return a constant pointer to the data stored in the back of the list.
Push a new element within the list 'list' with the value 'value' contained within.
Push a new element within the list 'list' without initializing it and returns a pointer to the non-initialized data. The first thing to do after calling this function is to initialize the data using the proper constructor. This enables using more specialized constructor than the generic one. Return a pointer to the non-initialized data.
Push a new element within the list 'list' and initialize it with the default constructor of the type. Return a pointer to the initialized object. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines an INIT method.
Push a new element within the list 'list' with the value '*value' contained within by stealing as much resources from '*value' than possible. Afterward '*value' is cleared and cannot longer be used.
Pop a element from the list 'list', and set *data to this value if data is not the NULL pointer (otherwise only pop the data).
Pop a element from the list 'list', and initialize and set *data to this value by stealing as much resources from the list as possible. data cannot be a NULL pointer.
Return true if the list is empty, false otherwise.
Swap the list 'list1' and 'list2'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the back(=first) element of 'list'. There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Set the iterator 'it' to the iterator 'ref'. There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Set the iterator 'it' to a non valid element of the list. There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Return true if the iterator doesn't reference a valid element anymore.
Return true if the iterator references the top(=last) element or if the iterator doesn't reference a valid element anymore.
Return true if the iterator it1 references the same element than it2.
Move the iterator 'it' to the next element of the list, i.e. from the back (=first) element to the front (=last) element.
Return a pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the element is destroyed in the list.
Return a constant pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the element is destroyed in the list.
Return a pointer to the element i-th of the list (from 0). It is assumed than i is within the size of the list. This function is slow and iterates linearly over the element of the elements until it reaches the desired element.
Return a constant pointer to the element i-th of the list (from 0). It is assumed than i is within the size of the list. This function is slow and iterates linearly over the element of the elements until it reaches the desired element.
Return the number elements of the list (aka size). Return 0 if there no element. This function is slow and iterates linearly over all the element to compute the size.
Insert 'x' after the position pointed by 'it' (which is an iterator of the list 'list') or if 'it' doesn't point anymore to a valid element of the list, it is added as the back (=first) element of the 'list'
Remove the element 'it' from the list 'list'. After wise, 'it' points to the next element of the list.
Move the element pointed by 'it' (which is an iterator of 'list2') from the list 'list2' to the back position of 'list1'. After wise, 'it' points to the next element of 'list2'.
Move the element pointed by 'it2' (which is an iterator of 'list2') from the list 'list2' to the position just after 'it1' in the list 'list1'. After wise, 'it2' points to the next element of 'list2' and 'it1' points to the inserted element in 'list1'. If 'it1' is the end position, it inserts it at the back (just like _insert_at).
Move all the element of 'list2' into 'list1", moving the last element of 'list2' after the first element of 'list1'. After-wise, 'list2' remains initialized but is emptied.
Reverse the order of the list.
Generate a string representation of the list 'list' and set 'str' to this representation (if 'append' is false) or append 'str' with this representation (if 'append' is true). This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a GET_STR method itself.
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of a list and set 'list' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a PARSE_STR & INIT methods itself. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Generate a string representation of the list 'list' and outputs it into the FILE 'file'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a OUT_STR method itself.
Read from the file 'file' a string representation of a list and set 'list' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a IN_STR & INIT method itself.
Return true if both lists 'list1' and 'list2' are equal. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a EQUAL method itself.
Return a hash value of 'list'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a HASH method itself.
Define the singly linked list named 'name##_t' that contains the objects of type 'type' and the associated methods as "static inline" functions. 'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the list. It will be used to create all the types and functions to handle the container. It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit. It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions too.
The only difference with the list defined by LIST_DEF is the support of the method PUSH_FRONT in addition to PUSH_BACK (therefore the DUAL PUSH name). There is still only POP method (POP_BACK). The head of the list is a bit bigger to be able to handle such methods to work. This enables this list to be able to represent both stack (PUSH_BACK + POP_BACK) and queue (PUSH_FRONT + POP_BACK).
A fundamental property of a list is that the objects created within the list will remain at their initialized address, and won't moved due to operations on the list.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR). If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
For this structure, the back is always the first element, and the front is the last element.
Example:
LIST_DUAL\_PUSH\_DEF(list_mpz, mpz_t, \
(INIT(mpz_init), INIT_SET(mpz_init_set), SET(mpz_set), CLEAR(mpz_clear)))
list_mpz_t my_list;
void f(mpz_t z) {
list_mpz_push_front (my_list, z);
list_mpz_pop_back (z, my_list);
}
If the given oplist contain the method MEMPOOL, then macro will create a dedicated mempool that is named with the given value of the method MEMPOOL, optimized for this kind of list:
- it creates a mempool named by the concatenation of "name" and "_mempool",
- it creates a variable named by the value of the method MEMPOOL with linkage defined by the value of the method MEMPOOL_LINKAGE (can be extern, static or none), this variable will be shared by all lists of the same type.
- it overwrites memory allocation of the created list to use this mempool with this variable.
mempool creates heavily efficient list but it will be only worth the effort in some heavy performance context. The created mempool has to be initialized before using any methods of the created list by calling mempool_list_name_init(variable) and cleared by calling mempool_list_name_clear(variable).
The methods follow closely the methods defined by LIST_DEF.
Same as LIST_DUAL_PUSH_DEF except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t are provided.
In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type. The following types are automatically defined by the previous macro:
Type of the list of 'type'.
Type of an iterator over this list.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macro.
Initialize the list 'list' (aka constructor) to an empty list.
Initialize the list 'list' (aka constructor) and set it to the value of 'ref'.
Set the list 'list' to the value of 'ref'.
Initialize the list 'list' (aka constructor) by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared and can no longer be used.
Set the list 'list' (aka constructor) by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared and can no longer be used.
Clear the list 'list (aka destructor). The list can't be used anymore, except with a constructor.
Clean the list (the list becomes empty). The list remains initialized but is empty.
Return a constant pointer to the data stored in the back of the list.
Push a new element within the list 'list' with the value 'value' into the back of the list.
Push a new element within the list 'list' without initializing it into the back of the list and returns a pointer to the non-initialized data. The first thing to do after calling this function is to initialize the data using the proper constructor. This enables to use a more specialized constructor than the generic one. Return a pointer to the non-initialized data.
Push a new element within the list 'list' into the back of the list and initialize it with the default constructor of the type. Return a pointer to the initialized object. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines an INIT method.
Push a new element within the list 'list' with the value '*value' ,by stealing as much resources from '*value' as possible, into the back of the list. Afterwards, *value is cleared and cannot be used anymore. value cannot be NULL.
Return a constant pointer to the data stored in the front of the list.
Push a new element within the list 'list' with the value 'value' contained within into the front of the list.
Push a new element within the list 'list' without initializing it into the front of the list and returns a pointer to the non-initialized data. The first thing to do after calling this function is to initialize the data using the proper constructor. This enables to use a more specialized constructor than the generic one. Return a pointer to the non-initialized data.
Push a new element within the list 'list' into the front of the list and initialize it with the default constructor of the type. Return a pointer to the initialized object. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines an INIT method.
Push a new element within the list 'list' with the value '*value' ,by stealing as much resources from '*value' as possible, into the front of the list. Afterwards, *value is cleared and cannot be used anymore. value cannot be NULL.
Pop a element from the list 'list' and set *data to this value if data is not NULL.
Pop a element from the list 'list' and initialize and set *data to this value, stealing as much resources from the list as possible.
Return true if the list is empty, false otherwise.
Swap the list 'list1' and 'list2'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the back(=first) element of 'list'. There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Set the iterator 'it' to the iterator 'ref'. There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Set the iterator 'it' to an invalid reference of 'list'. There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Return true if the iterator doesn't reference a valid element anymore.
Return true if the iterator references the top(=last) element or if the iterator doesn't reference a valid element anymore.
Return true if the iterator it1 references the same element than it2.
Move the iterator 'it' to the next element of the list, ie. from the back (=first) element to the front(=last) element.
Return a pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the object is destroyed.
Return a constant pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the object is destroyed.
Compute and return the number elements of the list (aka size). Return 0 if there no element.
Insert 'x' after the position pointed by 'it' (which is an iterator of the list 'list') or if 'it' doesn't point anymore to a valid element of the list, it is added as the back (=first) element of the 'list'
Remove the element 'it' from the list 'list'. After wise, 'it' points to the next element of the list.
Move the element pointed by 'it' (which is an iterator of 'list2') from the list 'list2' to the back position of 'list1'. After wise, 'it' points to the next element of 'list2'.
Move all the element of 'list2' into 'list1", moving the last element of 'list2' after the first element of 'list1'. After-wise, 'list2' is emptied.
Reverse the order of the list.
Generate a string representation of the list 'list' and set 'str' to this representation (if 'append' is false) or append 'str' with this representation (if 'append' is true). This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a GET_STR method itself.
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of a list and set 'list' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines PARSE_STR & INIT methods itself. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Generate a string representation of the list 'list' and outputs it into the FILE 'file'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a OUT_STR method itself.
Read from the file 'file' a string representation of a list and set 'list' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a IN_STR & INIT method itself.
Return true if both lists 'list1' and 'list2' are equal. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a EQUAL method itself.
Return a hash value of 'list'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a HASH method itself.
An array is a growable collection of element that are individually indexable.
Define the array 'name##_t' that contains the objects of type 'type' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. Compared to C arrays, the created methods handle automatically the size (aka growable array). 'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the container.
It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (CLEAR), and usually (INIT, INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR) otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init-and-set, set and clear the contained object.
Example:
ARRAY_DEF(array_mpfr_t, mpfr, \
(INIT(mpfr_init), INIT_SET(mpfr_init_set), SET(mpfr_set), CLEAR(mpfr_clear)))
array_mpfr_t my_array;
void f(mpfr_t z) {
array_mpfr_push_back (my_array, z);
}
Same as ARRAY_DEF except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t are provided.
Return the oplist of the array defined by calling ARRAY_DEF with name & oplist. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used.
In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro. This is used to identify the type. The following types are automatically defined by the previous macro:
Type of the array of 'type'.
Type of an iterator over this array.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros:
Initialize the array 'array' (aka constructor) to an empty array.
Initialize the array 'array' (aka constructor) and set it to the value of 'ref'. This method is created if the INIT_SET & SET operators are provided.
Set the array 'array' to the value of 'ref'. This method is created if the INIT_SET & SET operators are provided.
Initialize the array 'array' (aka constructor) by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared.
Set the array 'array' by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared.
Clear the array 'array (aka destructor).
Clean the array (the array becomes empty but remains initialized).
Push the needed storage of a new element into the back of the array 'array' without initializing it and return a pointer to the non-initialized data. The first thing to do after calling this function is to initialize the data using the proper constructor. This enables to use a more specialized constructor than the generic one. It is recommended to use other _push function if possible rather than this one as it is low level and error prone.
Push a new element into the back of the array 'array' with the value 'value' contained within. This method is created if the INIT_SET operator is provided.
Push a new element into the back of the array 'array' and initialize it with the default constructor. Return a pointer to this created element. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines an INIT method.
Push '*val' a new element into the back of the array 'array' by stealing as much resources as possible from '*val'. After-wise '*x' is cleared. This method is created if the INIT_SET or INIT_MOVE operator is provided.
Push a new element into the position 'key' of the array 'array' with the value 'value' contained within. 'key' shall be a valid position of the array: from 0 to the size of array (included). This method is created if the INIT_SET operator is provided.
Pop a element from the back of the array 'array' and set *data to this value if data is not NULL (if data is NULL, the popped data is cleared). This method is created if the SET or INIT_MOVE operator is provided.
Pop a element from the back of the array 'array' and initialize *data with this value by stealing as much from the array as possible. This method is created if the INIT_SET or INIT_MOVE operator is provided.
Pop all elements of the array 'array' from 'position' to the back of the array, clearing them. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines an INIT method.
Set *dest to the value the element 'key' if dest is not NULL, then remove the element 'key' from the array. 'key' shall be within the size of the array. This method is created if the SET or INIT_MOVE operator is provided.
Return a constant pointer to the first element of the array.
Return a constant pointer to the last element of the array.
Set the element 'i' of array 'array' to 'value'. 'i' shall be within 0 to the size of the array (excluded). This method is created if the INIT_SET operator is provided.
Return a pointer to the element 'i' of the array. 'i' shall be within 0 to the size of the array (excluded). The returned pointer cannot be NULL. This pointer remains valid until the array is modified by another method.
Return a constant pointer to the element 'i' of the array. 'i' shall be within 0 to the size of the array (excluded). The returned pointer cannot be NULL. This pointer remains valid until the array is modified by another method.
Return a pointer to the element 'i' of array 'array', by increasing the size of the array if needed (creating new elements with INIT). The returned pointer cannot be NULL. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines an INIT method. This pointer remains valid until the array is modified by another method.
Return true if the array is empty, false otherwise.
Return the size of the array.
Return the capacity of the array.
Resize the array 'array' to the size 'size' (initializing or clearing elements). This method is only defined if the type of the element defines an INIT method.
Extend or reduce the capacity of the 'array' to a rounded value based on 'capacity'. If the given capacity is below the current size of the array, the capacity is set to the size of the array.
Remove the element pointed by the iterator 'it' from the array 'array'. 'it' shall be a valid iterator. Afterward 'it' points to the next element, or points to the end. This method is created if the SET or INIT_MOVE operator is provided.
Remove the element 'i' (included) to the element 'j' (excluded) from the array. 'i' and 'j' shall be within the size of the array, and i < j.
Insert the object 'x' at the position 'it' of the array. 'it' shall be a valid iterator of the array. This method is created if the INIT_SET operator is provided.
Insert from the element 'i' (included) to the element 'j' (excluded) new empty elements to the array. 'i' and 'j' shall be within the size of the array, and i < j. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines an INIT method.
Swap the array 'array1' and 'array2'.
Swap the elements 'i' and 'j' of the array 'array'. 'i' and 'j' shall reference valid elements of the array. This method is created if the INIT_SET or INIT_MOVE operator is provided.
Set the iterator 'it' to the first element of 'array'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the last element of 'array'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the end of 'array'.
Set the iterator 'it1' to 'it2'.
Return true if the iterator doesn't reference a valid element anymore.
Return true if the iterator references the last element of the array, or doesn't reference a valid element.
Return true if both iterators reference the same element.
Move the iterator 'it' to the next element of the array.
Move the iterator 'it' to the previous element of the array.
Return a pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the array is modified by another method.
Return a constant pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the array is modified by another method.
Sort the array 'array'. This method is defined if the type of the element defines CMP method. This method uses the qsort function of the C library.
Sort the array 'array' using a stable sort. This method is defined if the type of the element defines CMP and SWAP and SET methods. This method provides an ad-hoc implementation of the stable sort. In practice, it is faster than the _sort method for small types and fast comparisons.
Generate a string representation of the array 'array' and set 'str' to this representation (if 'append' is false) or append 'str' with this representation (if 'append' is true). This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a GET_STR method itself.
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of an array and set 'array' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines both PARSE_STR & INIT methods itself. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Generate a string representation of the array 'array' and outputs it into the FILE 'file'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a OUT_STR method itself.
Read from the file 'file' a string representation of an array and set 'array' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines both IN_STR & INIT methods itself.
Return true if both arrays 'array1' and 'array2' are equal. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a EQUAL method itself.
Return an hash value of 'array'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a HASH method itself.
Merge the elements of 'array2' in 'array1' at its end. Afterwards, 'array2' is empty.
This header is for creating double-ended queue (or deque). A deque is an abstract data type that generalizes a queue, for that elements can be added to or removed from either the front (head) or back (tail)
Define the deque 'name##_t' that contains the objects of type 'type' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. 'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the deque. It will be used to create all the types and functions to handle the container. It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit. It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
Example:
DEQUE_DEF(deque_mpz, mpz_t, \
(INIT(mpz_init), INIT_SET(mpz_init_set), SET(mpz_set), CLEAR(mpz_clear)))
deque_mpz_t my_deque;
void f(mpz_t z) {
deque_mpz_push_back (my_deque, z);
}
Same as DEQUE_DEF except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t are provided.
Return the oplist of the deque defined by calling DEQUE_DEF with name & oplist.
In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type. The following types are automatically defined by the previous macro:
Type of the deque of 'type'.
Type of an iterator over this deque.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macro.
Initialize the deque 'deque' (aka constructor) to an empty deque.
Initialize the deque 'deque' (aka constructor) and set it to the value of 'ref'.
Set the deque 'deque' to the value of 'ref'.
Initialize the deque 'deque' (aka constructor) by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared and can no longer be used.
Set the deque 'deque' (aka constructor) by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared and can no longer be used.
Clear the deque 'deque (aka destructor). The deque can't be used anymore, except with a constructor.
Clean the deque (the deque becomes empty). The deque remains initialized but is empty.
Return a constant pointer to the data stored in the back of the deque.
Push a new element within the deque 'deque' with the value 'value' at the back of the deque.
Push at the back a new element within the deque 'deque' without initializing it and returns a pointer to the non-initialized data. The first thing to do after calling this function is to initialize the data using the proper constructor. This enables to use a more specialized constructor than the generic one. Return a pointer to the non-initialized data.
Push at the back a new element within the deque 'deque' and initialize it with the default constructor of the type. Return a pointer to the initialized object.
Pop a element from the deque 'deque' and set *data to this value. If data pointer is NULL, then the popped value is discarded.
Return a constant pointer to the data stored in the front of the deque.
Push at the front a new element within the deque 'deque' with the value 'value'.
Push at the front a new element within the deque 'deque' without initializing it and returns a pointer to the non-initialized data. The first thing to do after calling this function is to initialize the data using the proper constructor. This enables to use a more specialized constructor than the generic one. Return a pointer to the non-initialized data.
Push at the front a new element within the deque 'deque' and initialize it with the default constructor of the type. Return a pointer to the initialized object.
Pop a element from the deque 'deque' and set *data to this value. If data pointer is NULL, then the pop-ed value is discarded.
Return true if the deque is empty, false otherwise.
Swap the deque 'deque1' and 'deque2'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the first element of 'deque' (aka the front). There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Set the iterator 'it' to the iterator 'ref'. There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Return true if the iterator doesn't reference a valid element anymore.
Return true if the iterator references the last element or if the iterator doesn't reference a valid element anymore.
Return true if the iterator it1 references the same element than it2.
Move the iterator 'it' to the next element of the deque, ie. from the front element to the back element.
Move the iterator 'it' to the previous element of the deque, ie. from the back element to the front element.
Return a pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the deque is modified by another method.
Return a constant pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the deque is modified by another method.
Return a pointer to the element i-th of the deque (from 0). It is assumed than i is within the size of the deque. The algorithm complexity is in O(ln(n))
Return a constant pointer to the element i-th of the deque (from 0). It is assumed than i is within the size of the deque. The algorithm complexity is in O(ln(n))
Return the number elements of the deque (aka size). Return 0 if there no element.
Generate a string representation of the deque 'deque' and set 'str' to this representation (if 'append' is false) or append 'str' with this representation (if 'append' is true). This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a GET_STR method itself.
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of a deque and set 'deque' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines PARSE_STR & INIT methods itself. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Generate a string representation of the deque 'deque' and outputs it into the FILE 'file'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a OUT_STR method itself.
Read from the file 'file' a string representation of a deque and set 'deque' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a IN_STR method itself.
Return true if both deque 'deque1' and 'deque2' are equal. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a EQUAL method itself.
Return a hash value of 'deque'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a HASH method itself.
Swap the values within the deque pointed by 'i' and by 'j'. 'i' & 'j' shall be valid index within the deque. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a SWAP method itself.
A dictionary (or associative array, map, symbol table) is an abstract data type composed of a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection.
Several dictionaries are proposed. The "best" to use depends on the data type and in particular:
- the size of the data,
- the inner cost of copying the object,
- the inner cost of computing the hash of the object,
- the inner cost of comparing the objects,
- the load factor.
For small, fast types (integer, or floats, or pair of such types), DICT_OA_DEF2 may be the best to use. For medium type, DICT_DEF2 with mempool activated may be better. For even larger object, DICT_STOREHASH_DEF2 may be better.
Define the dictionary 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. 'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the container. Current implementation uses chained Hash-Table and as such, elements in the dictionary are unordered.
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit. It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
The key_oplist shall also define the additional operators (HASH and EQUAL).
Example:
DICT_DEF2(dict_str, string_t, STRING_OPLIST, string_t, STRING_OPLIST)
dict_str_t my_dict;
void f(string_t key, string_t value) {
dict_str_set_at (my_dict, key, value);
}
Define the dictionary 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions just like DICT_DEF2.
The only difference is that it stores the hash of each key alongside the key in the dictionary. This enable the container to avoid recomputing it in some occasions resulting in faster dictionary if the hash is costly to compute, or slower otherwise.
Define the dictionary 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions much like DICT_DEF2. The difference is that it uses an Open Addressing Hash-Table as container.
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit. It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
The key_oplist shall also define the additional operators : HASH and EQUAL and OOR_EQUAL and OOR_SET
This implementation is in general faster for small types of keys (like integer) but slower for larger types.
Example:
static inline bool oor_equal_p(int k, unsigned char n) {
return k == (int)-n-1;
}
static inline void oor_set(int *k, unsigned char n) {
*k = (int)-n-1;
}
DICT_OA_DEF2(dict_int, int, M_OPEXTEND(M_DEFAULT_OPLIST, OOR_EQUAL(oor_equal_p), OOR_SET(oor_set M_IPTR)), int64_t, M_DEFAULT_OPLIST)
dict_int_t my_dict;
void f(int key, int64_t value) {
dict_int_set_at (my_dict, key, value);
}
DICT_DEF2_AS(name, name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t, key_type[, key_oplist], value_type[, value_oplist])
Same as DICT_DEF2 except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t, are provided.
DICT_STOREHASH_DEF2_AS(name, name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t, key_type[, key_oplist], value_type[, value_oplist])
Same as DICT_STOREHASH_DEF2 except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t, are provided.
DICT_OA_DEF2_AS(name, name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t, key_type[, key_oplist], value_type[, value_oplist])
Same as DICT_OA_DEF2 except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t, are provided.
Return the oplist of the dictionary defined by calling DICT_DEF2 with name & key_oplist & value_oplist.
Define the set 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. A set is a specialized version of a dictionary with no value.
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit. It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET, CLEAR, HASH and EQUAL), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
Example:
DICT_SET_DEF(dict_strSet, string_t)
dict_strSet_t set;
void f(string_t key) {
dict_strSet_set_at (set, key);
}
Define the set 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. A set is a specialized version of a dictionary with no value. The difference is that it uses an Open Addressing Hash-Table as container.
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit. It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions.
The key_oplist shall therefore define the additional operators : HASH and EQUAL and OOR_EQUAL and OOR_SET
This implementation is in general faster for small types of keys (like integer) but slower for larger types.
Same as DICT_SET_DEF except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t, are provided.
Same as DICT_OASET_DEF except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t, are provided.
Return the oplist of the set defined by calling DICT_SET_DEF (or DICT_OASET_DEF) with name & key_oplist.
In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type. The following types are automatically defined by the previous macro:
Type of the dictionary of 'key_type' --> 'value_type'.
Type of an iterator over this dictionary.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macro:
Type of one item referenced in the dictionnary. It is either:
- a structure composed of the key (field key) and the value (field value) if the dict is a map
- or the basic type of the container if the dict is a set.
Initialize the dictionary 'dict' to be empty.
Clear the dictionary 'dict'.
Initialize the dictionary 'dict' to be the same as 'ref'.
Set the dictionary 'dict' to be the same as 'ref'.
Initialize the dictionary 'dict' by stealing as resource as possible from 'ref' and clear 'ref'.
Set the dictionary 'dict' by stealing as resource as possible from 'ref' and clear 'ref'.
Clean the dictionary 'dict'. 'dict' remains initialized.
Return the number of elements of the dictionary.
Return a pointer to the value associated to the key 'key' in dictionary 'dict' or NULL if the key is not found.
Set the value referenced by key 'key' in the dictionary 'dict' to 'value'. This method is only defined for associative containers (no SET).
Push the value referenced by key 'key' into the dictionary 'dict'. This method is only defined for SET.
Remove the element referenced by key 'key' in the dictionary 'dict'. Do nothing if 'key' is no present in the dictionary.
Set the iterator 'it' to the first element of 'dict'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the same element than 'ref'.
Return true if 'it' references no longer a valid element.
Return true if 'it' references the last element or is no longer valid.
Update the iterator 'it' to the next element.
Return a pointer to the pair composed by the key ('key' field) and its value ('value' field) if it is not a set, to the key type if it is a set. 'key' element shall not be modified. This pointer remains valid until the dictionary is modified by another method.
Return a constant pointer to the pair composed by the key ('key' field) and its value ('value' field) if it is not a set, to the key type if it is a set. This pointer remains valid until the dictionary is modified by another method.
Generate a string representation of the dict 'dict' and set 'str' to this representation (if 'append' is false) or append 'str' with this representation (if 'append' is true). This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a GET_STR method itself.
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of a dict and set 'dict' to this representation. This method is only defined if all types of the element defines PARSE_STR methods itself. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Generate a string representation of the dict 'dict' and outputs it into the FILE 'file'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a OUT_STR method itself.
Read from the file 'file' a string representation of a dict and set 'dict' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a IN_STR method itself.
Return true if both dict 'dict1' and 'dict2' are equal. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a EQUAL method itself.
A tuple is a finite ordered list of elements of different types.
Define the tuple 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. Each parameter of the macro is expected to be an element of the tuple. Each element is defined by three parameters within parenthesis: the element name, the element type and the element oplist. 'name' and 'element' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the container.
This is more or less like a C structure. The main added value compared to using a struct is that it generates also all the basic methods to handle it. In fact, it generates a C struct with the given type and element.
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
Example:
TUPLE_DEF2(pair, (key, string_t, STRING_OPLIST),
(value, mpz_t, (INIT(mpz_init), INIT_SET(mpz_init_set), SET(mpz_set), CLEAR(mpz_clear) )))
void f(void) {
pair_t p1;
pair_init (p1);
string_set_str(p1->key, "HELLO");
mpz_set_str(p1->value, "1742", 10);
pair_clear(p1);
}
Same as TUPLE_DEF2 except the name of the type name_t is provided.
Return the oplist of the tuple defined by calling TUPLE_DEF2 with the given name & the oplists.
In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type. The following types are automatically defined by the previous macro:
Type of the defined tuple.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros:
Initialize the tuple 'tuple' (aka constructor) to an empty tuple. This method is defined if all methods define an INIT method.
Initialize the tuple 'tuple' (aka constructor) and set it to the value of 'ref'.
Initialize the tuple 'tuple' (aka constructor) and set it to the value of the tuple ('element1'[, ...]).
Set the tuple 'tuple' to the value of 'ref'.
Initialize the tuple 'tuple' (aka constructor) by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared. This method is created only if all oplists of the tuple define INIT_MOVE method.
Set the tuple 'tuple' by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared. This method is created only if all oplists of the tuple define MOVE method.
Clear the tuple 'tuple (aka destructor).
Return a constant pointer to the element 'element1' of the tuple. There is as many methods as there are elements.
Return a pointer to the element 'element1' of the tuple. There is as many methods as there are elements.
Set the element of the tuple to 'element1' There is as many methods as there are elements.
Compare 'tuple1' to 'tuple2' using lexicographic order. This method is created only if all oplists of the tuple define CMP method.
Compare 'tuple1' to 'tuple2' using the given order. 'order' is a null terminated array of int that defines the order of comparison: an order of {1,4,2,0} indicates to compare first the first field, if it is equal, to compare the fourth and so on. The third field is not compared. A negative value indicates to revert the comparison. This method is created only if all oplists of the tuple define CMP method.
Compare 'tuple1' to 'tuple2' using only the element element1 as reference. This method is created only if the oplist of element1 defines the CMP method.
Return true if 'tuple1' and 'tuple2' are identical. This method is created only if all oplists of the tuple define EQUAL method.
Generate a string representation of the tuple 'tuple' and set 'str' to this representation (if 'append' is false) or append 'str' with this representation (if 'append' is true). This method is only defined if all oplists define a GET_STR method.
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of a tuple and set 'tuple' to this representation. This method is only defined if all types of the element defines PARSE_STR & INIT methods itself. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Generate a string representation of the tuple 'tuple' and outputs it into the FILE 'file'. This method is only defined if all oplists define a OUT_STR method.
Read from the file 'file' a string representation of a tuple and set 'tuple' to this representation. This method is only defined if all oplists define a IN_STR method.
A variant is a finite exclusive list of elements of different types : the variant can be only equal to one element at a time.
Define the variant 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. Each parameter of the macro is expected to be an element of the variant. Each element is defined by three parameters within parenthesis: the element name, the element type and the element oplist. 'name' and 'element' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the container.
This is like a C union. The main added value compared to using a union is that it generates all the basic methods to handle it and it dynamically identifies which element is stored within.
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
Example:
VARIANT_DEF2(either, (key, string_t, STRING_OPLIST),
(value, mpz_t, (INIT(mpz_init), INIT_SET(mpz_init_set), SET(mpz_set), CLEAR(mpz_clear) )))
void f(sting_t s) {
either_t p1;
either_init (p1);
either_set_key(p1, s);
either_clear(p1);
}
Same as VARIANT_DEF2 except the name of the type name_t is provided.
Return the oplist of the variant defined by calling VARIANT_DEF2 with the given name & the oplists.
In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type. The following types are automatically defined by the previous macro:
Type of the defined variant.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros:
Initialize the variant 'variant' (aka constructor) to be empty.
Initialize the variant 'variant' (aka constructor) and set it to the value of 'ref'.
Set the variant 'variant' to the value of 'ref'.
Initialize the variant 'variant' (aka constructor) by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared. This method is created only if all oplists of the variant define INIT_MOVE method.
Set the variant 'variant' by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. After-wise 'ref' is cleared. This method is created only if all oplists of the variant define MOVE method.
Clear the variant 'variant (aka destructor).
Clean the variant 'variant and make it empty.
Initialize the variant 'variant' to the type of 'element1' This method is defined if all methods define an INIT method.
Initialize and set the variant 'variant' to the type and value of 'elementN'.
Set the variant 'variant' to the type and value of 'elementN'.
Return a pointer to the 'variant' viewed as of type 'typeN'. If the variant isn't an object of such type, it returns NULL.
Return a pointer to the 'variant' viewed as of type 'typeN'. If the variant isn't an object of such type, it returns NULL.
Return true if the variant is empty, false otherwise.
Return true if the variant is of the type of 'elementN'.
Return a hash associated to the variant. All types associated to the variant shall have a hash function for this function to be defined.
Return true if both objects are equal, false otherwise. All types associated to the variant shall have a equal_p function for this function to be defined.
Swap both objects.
Convert the variant into a string, appending it into 'str' or not. All types associated to the variant shall have a GET_STR method for this function to be defined.
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of a variant and set 'variant' to this representation. This method is only defined if all types of the element defines PARSE_STR & INIT methods itself. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Convert the variant into a string and send it to the stream 'file'. All types associated to the variant shall have a out_str function for this function to be defined.
Read a string representation of the variant from the stream 'file' and update the object variant with it. All types associated to the variant shall have a in_str function for this function to be defined. This method is defined if all methods define an INIT method.
Define the binary ordered tree 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. A binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, which are referred to as the left child and the right child. In this kind of tree, all elements of the tree are totally ordered. The current implementation is RED-BLACK TREE. It has not to be confused with a B-TREE. 'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the container.
The CMP operator is used to perform the total ordering of the elements.
The UPDATE operator is used to update an element if the pushed item already exist in the container. The default behavior will overwrite the recorded value with the new one.
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit. It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET, CLEAR and CMP), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
Example:
RBTREE_DEF(rbtree_uint, unsigned int)
void f(unsigned int num) {
rbtree_uint_t tree;
rbtree_uint_init(tree);
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < num; i++)
rbtree_uint_push(tree, i);
rbtree_uint_clear(tree);
}
Same as RBTREE_DEF2 except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t are provided.
Return the oplist of the Red-Black defined by calling RBTREE_DEF with name & oplist. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
Type of the Red Black Tree of 'type'.
Type of an iterator over this Red Black Tree.
Initialize the Red Black Tree 'rbtree' to be empty.
Clear the Red Black Tree 'rbtree'.
Initialize the Red Black Tree 'rbtree' to be the same as 'ref'.
Set the Red Black Tree 'rbtree' to be the same as 'ref'.
Initialize the Red Black Tree 'rbtree' by stealing as resource as possible from 'ref' and clear 'ref'.
Set the Red Black Tree 'rbtree' by stealing as resource as possible from 'ref' and clear 'ref'.
Clean the Red Black Tree 'rbtree'. 'rbtree' remains initialized but empty.
Return the number of elements of the Red Black Tree.
Push 'data' into the Red Black Tree 'rbtree' at its ordered place while keeping the tree balanced. If the UPDATE operator is defined and there exists a node that equals (CMP) 'data' it will be used to update the data of the node on push (It can be used to increment value). Otherwise the value is overwritten.
Pop 'data' from the Red Black Tree 'rbtree' and save the popped value into 'dest' if the pointer is not null while keeping the tree balanced. Do nothing if 'data' is no present in the Red Black Tree.
Return a pointer to the minimum element of the tree or NULL if there is no element.
Return a pointer to the maximum element of the tree or NULL if there is no element.
Return a pointer to the element of the tree 'rbtree' that is equal to 'data', or NULL if there is no match.
Swap both trees.
Return true if the tree is empty, false otherwise.
Set the iterator 'it' to the first element of 'rbtree'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the same element than 'ref'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the last element of 'rbtree'.
Set the iterator 'it' to no element of 'rbtree'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the greatest element of 'rbtree' lower of equal than 'data' or the first element is there is none.
Return true if 'it' references no longer a valid element.
Return true if 'it' references the last element or is no longer valid.
Return true if 'it' references an element that is greater or equal than 'data'.
Return true if 'it' references an element that is lower or equal than 'data'.
Update the iterator 'it' to the next element.
Update the iterator 'it' to the previous element.
Return a pointer to the element pointer by the iterator 'it'. This pointer remains valid until the Red Black Tree is modified by another method.
Generate a string representation of the rbtree 'rbtree' and set 'str' to this representation (if 'append' is false) or append 'str' with this representation (if 'append' is true). This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a GET_STR method itself.
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of a RBTREE and set 'tree' to this representation. This method is only defined if all types of the element defines PARSE_STR & INIT methods itself. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Generate a string representation of the rbtree 'rbtree' and outputs it into the FILE 'file'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a OUT_STR method itself.
Read from the file 'file' a string representation of a rbtree and set 'rbtree' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a IN_STR method itself.
Return true if both rbtree 'rbtree1' and 'rbtree2' are equal. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a EQUAL method itself.
Return the hash of the tree. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a HASH method itself.
A B+TREE is a variant of BTREE that itself is a generalization of Binary Tree.
A B+TREE is an N-ary tree with a variable but often large number of children per node. It is mostly used for handling slow media by file system and database.
It provides a fully sorted container enabling fast access to individual item or range of items, and as such is concurrent to Red-Black Tree. On modern architecture, a B+TREE is typically faster than a red-black tree due to being more cache friendly (The RAM itself can be considered as a slow media nowadays!)
When defining a B+TREE it is necessary to give the type of the item within, but also the maximum number of child per node. The best maximum number of child per node depends on the type itself (its size, its compare cost) and the cache of the processor.
Define the B+TREE tree of rank N 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. This B+TREE will be created as an associative array of the key_type to the value_type.
The CMP operator is used to perform the total ordering of the key elements.
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit. It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET, CLEAR and CMP), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
Example:
BPTREE_DEF2(tree_uint, unsigned int, (), float, ())
void f(unsigned int num) {
tree_uint_t tree;
tree_uint_init(tree);
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < num; i++)
tree_uint_set_at(tree, i, (float) i);
tree_uint_clear(tree);
}
Same as BPTREE_DEF2 except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t are provided.
Return the oplist of the BPTREE defined by calling BPTREE_DEF2 with name, key_oplist and value_oplist.
Define the B+TREE tree of rank N 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. This B+TREE will be created as an ordered set of key_type.
The CMP operator is used to perform the total ordering of the key elements.
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit. It also define the iterator name##_it_t and its associated methods as "static inline" functions.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET, CLEAR and CMP), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
In the following specification, in this case, value_type will be defined as the same as key_type.
Example:
BPTREE_DEF(tree_uint, unsigned int)
void f(unsigned int num) {
tree_uint_t tree;
tree_uint_init(tree);
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < num; i++)
tree_uint_push(tree, i);
tree_uint_clear(tree);
}
Same as BPTREE_DEF except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t are provided.
Return the oplist of the BPTREE defined by calling BPTREE_DEF with name, key_oplist. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used.
Define the B+TREE tree of rank N 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. This B+TREE will be created as an associative array of the 'key_type' to the 'value_type' and allows multiple instance of the same key in the tree (aka it is a multimap: re-adding the same key in the tree will add a new instance of the key in the tree rather than update the value associated to the key).
See BPTREE_DEF2 for additional details and example.
BPTREE_MULTI_DEF2_AS(name, name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t, N, key_type, key_oplist, value, value_oplist)
Same as BPTREE_MULTI_DEF2 except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t are provided.
Define the B+TREE tree of rank N 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. This B+TREE will be created as an ordered set of key_type and allows multiple instance of the same key in the tree (aka it is a multiset: re-adding the same key in the tree will add a new instance of the key in the tree rather than update the key value).
See BPTREE_DEF for additional details and example.
Same as BPTREE_MULTI_DEF except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t, name_itref_t are provided.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
Type of the B+Tree of 'type'.
Type of an iterator over this B+Tree.
Type of one item referenced in the B+Tree. It is either:
- a structure composed of a pointer to the key (field key_ptr) and a pointer to the value (field value_ptr) if the B+Tree is a map
- or the basic type of the container if the B+Tree is a set.
Initialize the B+Tree 'tree' and set it to empty.
Clear the B+Tree 'tree'.
Initialize the B+Tree 'tree' to be the same as 'ref'.
Set the B+Tree 'tree' to be the same as 'ref'.
Initialize the B+Tree 'tree' by stealing as resource as possible from 'ref' and clear 'ref'.
Set the B+Tree 'tree' by stealing as resource as possible from 'ref' and clear 'ref'.
Clean the B+Tree 'tree'. 'tree' remains initialized but empty.
Return the number of elements of the B+Tree.
Push 'data' into the B+Tree 'tree' at the right order while keeping the tree balanced. This function is defined only if the tree is not defined as an associative array.
Associate the value 'val' to the key 'data' in the B+Tree 'tree' while keeping the tree balanced. This function is defined only if the tree is defined as an associative array.
Pop 'data' from the B+Tree 'tree' and save the popped value into 'dest' if the pointer is not null while keeping the tree balanced. Do nothing if 'data' is no present in the B+Tree.
Remove 'data' from the B+Tree 'tree' while keeping the tree balanced. Return true if the data is removed, false if nothing is done (data is not present).
Return a pointer to the minimum element of the tree or NULL if there is no element.
Return a pointer to the maximum element of the tree or NULL if there is no element.
Return a pointer to the value of the tree 'tree' that is associated to 'data', or NULL if there is no match.
Swap both trees.
Return true if the tree is empty, false otherwise.
Set the iterator 'it' to the first element of 'tree'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the same element than 'ref'.
Set the iterator 'it' to no element of 'tree'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the greatest element of 'tree' lower of equal than 'data' or the first element is there is none.
Return true if 'it' references no longer a valid element.
Return true if 'it' references an element that is greater or equal than 'data'.
Return true if 'it' references an element that is lower or equal than 'data'.
Return true if both iterators reference the same object.
Update the iterator 'it' to the next element.
Return a pointer to the element pointer by the iterator 'it'. This pointer remains valid until the B+Tree is modified by another method.
Generate a string representation of the tree 'tree' and set 'str' to this representation (if 'append' is false) or append 'str' with this representation (if 'append' is true). This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a GET_STR method itself.
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of a tree and set 'tree' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a PARSE_STR method itself. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Generate a string representation of the tree 'tree' and outputs it into the FILE 'file'. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a OUT_STR method itself.
Read from the file 'file' a string representation of a tree and set 'tree' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a IN_STR method itself.
Return true if both trees 'tree1' and 'tree2' are equal. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a EQUAL method itself.
Return the hash of the tree. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a HASH method itself.
A priority queue is a queue where each element has a "priority" associated with it: an element with high priority is served before an element with low priority. It is currently implemented as a heap.
Define the priority queue 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. The queue will be composed of object of type 'type'.
'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the container.
The CMP operator is used to sort the queue so that it always returns the minimum of the queue. The EQUAL operator is used to identify an item on UPDATE or REMOVE operations. It is uncorrelated with the CMP operator from the point of view of this operator.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET, CLEAR, CMP and EQUAL), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
Same as PRIOQUEUE_DEF except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t are provided.
Define the oplist of the prioqueue defined with 'name' and potentially 'oplist'. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
Type of the priority queue of 'type'.
Type of an iterator over this priority queue.
Initialize the priority queue 'queue' and set it to empty.
Clear the priority queue 'tree'.
Initialize the Priority Queue 'queue' to be the same as 'ref'.
Set the Priority Queue 'queue' to be the same as 'ref'.
Initialize the Priority Queue 'queue' by stealing as resource as possible from 'ref' and clear 'ref'.
Set the Priority Queue 'queue' by stealing as resource as possible from 'ref' and clear 'ref'.
Clean the Priority Queue 'queue'. 'queue' remains initialized but empty.
Return the number of elements of the Priority Queue.
Return true if the queue is empty, false otherwise.
Swap both queues.
Push 'x' into the Priority Queue 'queue' (somewhere in the queue).
Return a constant pointer to the item having the minimum value of all elements in the queue 'queue'.
Pop the minimum value from the priority Queue 'queue' and save the popped value into 'dest' if the pointer is not null.
Set the iterator 'it' to the first element of 'queue'. It won't iterate from minimum to maximum but in an implementation define way that ensures that all items are accessed.
Set the iterator 'it' to the last element of 'queue'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the same element than 'ref'.
Set the iterator 'it' to no element of 'queue'.
Return true if 'it' references no longer a valid element.
Return true if 'it' references the last element, or there is no longer any valid element.
Return true if both iterators reference the same entries.
Update the iterator 'it' to the next element.
Update the iterator 'it' to the previous element.
Return a constant pointer to the referenced item.
Increase the priority (decrease the value) of xold.
This header implements different kind of fixed circular buffer.
A circular buffer (or ring buffer) is a data structure using a single, bounded buffer as if its head was connected to its tail.
Define the buffer 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. A buffer is a fixed circular queue implementing a queue (or stack) interface. It can be used to transfer message from multiple producer threads to multiple consumer threads. This is done internally using a mutex and conditional waits (if it is built with the BUFFER_THREAD_SAFE option -- default)
'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the container.
The size parameter defined the fixed size of the queue. It can be 0. In this case, the fixed size is defined at initialization time only and the needed objects to handle the buffer are allocated at initialization time too. Otherwise the needed objects are embedded within the structure, preventing any other allocations.
Multiple additional policy can be applied to the buffer by performing a logical or of the following properties:
-
BUFFER_QUEUE : define a FIFO queue (default),
-
BUFFER_STACK : define a stack (exclusive with BUFFER_QUEUE),
-
BUFFER_THREAD_SAFE : define thread safe functions (default),
-
BUFFER_THREAD_UNSAFE : define thread unsafe functions (exclusive with BUFFER_THREAD_SAFE),
-
BUFFER_PUSH_INIT_POP_MOVE : change the behavior of PUSH to push a new initialized object, and POP as moving this new object into the new emplacement (this is mostly used for performance reasons or to handle properly a shared_ptr semantic). In practice, it works as if POP performs the initialization of the object.
-
BUFFER_PUSH_OVERWRITE : PUSH overwrites the last entry if the queue is full instead of blocking,
-
BUFFER_DEFERRED_POP : do not consider the object to be fully popped from the buffer by calling the pop method until the call to pop_deferred ; this enables to handle object that are in-progress of being consumed by the thread.
This container is designed to be used for easy synchronization inter-threads (and the variable should be a global shared one).
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object. It supports also INIT_MOVE if available.
Example:
BUFFER_DEF(buffer_uint, unsigned int, 10, BUFFER_QUEUE|BUFFER_BLOCKING)
buffer_uint_t g_buff;
void f(unsigned int i) {
buffer_uint_init(g_buff, 10);
buffer_uint_push(g_buff, i);
buffer_uint_pop(&i, g_buff);
buffer_uint_clear(g_buff);
}
Same as BUFFER_DEF except the name of the type name_t is provided.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
Initialize the buffer 'buffer' for 'size' elements. The 'size' argument shall be the same as the one used to create the buffer or the one used to create the buffer was '0'. This function is not thread safe.
Clear the buffer and destroy all its allocation. This function is not thread safe and doesn't perform any synchronization: all threads shall have stopped using the buffer.
Clean the buffer making it empty but remain initialized. This function is thread safe if the buffer was built thread safe.
Return true if the buffer is empty, false otherwise. This function is thread safe if the buffer was built thread safe.
Return true if the buffer is full, false otherwise. This function is thread safe if the buffer was built thread safe.
Return the number of elements in the buffer that can be en-queued. This function is thread safe if the buffer was built thread safe.
Return the capacity of the buffer.
If the buffer is built with the BUFFER_PUSH_OVERWRITE option, this function returns the number of elements that have been overwritten and thus discarded. If the buffer was not built with the BUFFER_PUSH_OVERWRITE option, it returns 0.
Push the object 'data' in the buffer 'buffer', waiting for an empty room if 'blocking' is true. Returns true if the data was pushed, false otherwise. Always return true if the buffer is blocking. This function is thread safe if the buffer was built thread safe.
Pop from the buffer 'buffer' into the object '*data', waiting for a data if 'blocking' is true.
If the buffer is built with the BUFFER_PUSH_INIT_POP_MOVE option, the object pointed by 'data' shall be uninitialized as the pop function will perform a quick initialization of the object (using an INIT_MOVE operator) , otherwise it shall be an initialized object (the pop function will perform a SET operator).
If the buffer is built with the BUFFER_DEFERRED_POP option, the object is still considered being present in the queue until a call to name_pop_release.
Returns true if a data was popped, false otherwise. Always return true if the buffer is blocking. This function is thread safe if the buffer was built thread safe.
Same as name_push_blocking with blocking equals to true.
Same as name_pop_blocking with blocking equals to true.
If the buffer is built with the BUFFER_DEFERRED_POP option, the object being popped is considered fully release (freeing a space in the queue). Otherwise it does nothing.
Define the MPMC queue 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. A MPMC queue is a fixed circular queue implementing a queue (or stack) interface. It can be used to transfer message from Multiple Producer threads to Multiple Consumer threads. This queue is not strictly lock free but has a lot of the properties of such algorithms.
The size is specified only at run-time and shall be a power of 2.
'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the container.
An additional policy can be applied to the buffer by performing a logical or of the following properties:
- BUFFER_QUEUE : define a FIFO queue (default),
- BUFFER_PUSH_INIT_POP_MOVE : change the behavior of PUSH to push a new initialized object, and POP as moving this new object into the new emplacement (this is mostly used for performance reasons or to handle properly a shared_ptr semantic). In practice, it works as if POP performs the initialization of the object.
This container is designed to be used for easy synchronization inter-threads in a context of very fast communication (the variable should be a global shared one). There should not have more threads using this queue than they are available hardware cores due to the only partial protection on Context-switch Immunity of this structure (This can happen only if you abuse massively the number of threads vs the number of cores).
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object. It supports also INIT_MOVE if available.
Same as QUEUE_MPMC_DEF except the name of the type name_t is provided.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type (prefix).
Initialize the buffer 'buffer' with 'size' elements. The 'size' argument shall be a power of two greater than 0, and less than UINT_MAX. This function is not thread safe.
Clear the buffer and destroy all its allocation. This function is not thread safe and doesn't perform any synchronization: all threads shall have stopped using the buffer.
Return true if the buffer is empty, false otherwise. This function is thread safe.
Return true if the buffer is full, false otherwise. This function is thread safe.
Return the number of elements in the buffer that can be en-queued. This function is thread safe but may return a size greater than the size of the queue in some race condition.
Return the capacity of the buffer.
Push the object 'data' in the buffer 'buffer' if possible. Returns true if the data was pushed, false otherwise (buffer full or unlikely data race). This function is thread safe.
Pop from the buffer 'buffer' into the object '*data' if possible.
If the buffer is built with the BUFFER_PUSH_INIT_POP_MOVE option, the object pointed by 'data' shall be uninitialized as the pop function will perform a quick initialization of the object (using an INIT_MOVE operator) , otherwise it shall be an initialized object (the pop function will perform a SET operator).
Returns true if a data was popped, false otherwise (buffer empty or unlikely data race). This function is thread safe.
Define the SPSC queue 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. A SPSC queue is a fixed circular queue implementing a queue (or stack) interface. It can be used to transfer message from a Single Producer thread to a Single Consumer thread. This is done internally using lock-free objects. It is more specialized than QUEUE_MPMC_DEF and as such, is faster.
The size is specified only at run-time and shall be a power of 2.
'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the container.
An additional policy can be applied to the buffer by performing a logical or of the following properties:
- BUFFER_QUEUE : define a FIFO queue (default),
- BUFFER_PUSH_INIT_POP_MOVE : change the behavior of PUSH to push a new initialized object, and POP as moving this new object into the new emplacement (this is mostly used for performance reasons or to handle properly a shared_ptr semantic). In practice, it works as if POP performs the initialization of the object.
This container is designed to be used for easy synchronization inter-threads in a context of very fast communication (the variable should be a global shared one).
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object. It supports also INIT_MOVE if available.
Same as QUEUE_MPMC_DEF except the name of the type name_t is provided.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type (prefix).
Initialize the buffer 'buffer' with 'size' elements. The 'size' argument shall be a power of two greater than 0, and less than UINT_MAX. This function is not thread safe.
Clear the buffer and destroy all its allocation. This function is not thread safe and doesn't perform any synchronization: all threads shall have stopped using the buffer.
Return true if the buffer is empty, false otherwise. This function is thread safe.
Return true if the buffer is full, false otherwise. This function is thread safe.
Return the number of elements in the buffer that can be en-queued. This function is thread safe but may return a size greater than the size of the queue in some race condition.
Return the capacity of the buffer.
Push the object 'data' in the buffer 'buffer' if possible. Returns true if the data was pushed, false otherwise (buffer full). This function is thread safe.
Push & move the object 'data' in the buffer 'buffer' if possible. Returns true if the data was pushed, false otherwise (buffer full). Afterwards 'data' is cleared if true is returned. This function is thread safe.
Push the object 'data' in the buffer 'buffer' discarding the oldest data if needed. This function is thread safe.
Push as much objects from the array 'data' in the buffer 'buffer' as possible, starting from the object at index 0 to the object at index 'n-1'. Returns the number of objects pushed. This function is thread safe.
Pop from the buffer 'buffer' into the object '*data' if possible.
If the buffer is built with the BUFFER_PUSH_INIT_POP_MOVE option, the object pointed by 'data' shall be uninitialized as the pop function will perform a quick initialization of the object (using an INIT_MOVE operator) , otherwise it shall be an initialized object (the pop function will perform a SET operator).
Returns true if a data was popped, false otherwise (buffer empty or unlikely data race). This function is thread safe.
Pop from the buffer 'buffer' as many objects as possible to fill in 'tab' and at most 'n'.
If the buffer is built with the BUFFER_PUSH_INIT_POP_MOVE option, the object pointed by 'data' shall be uninitialized as the pop function will perform a quick initialization of the object (using an INIT_MOVE operator) , otherwise it shall be an initialized object (the pop function will perform a SET operator).
It returns the number of objects popped. This function is thread safe.
This header is for created snapshots.
A snapshot is a mechanism enabling a reader thread and a writer thread, working at different speeds, to exchange messages in a fast, reliable and thread safe way (the message is always passed automatically from a thread point of view) without waiting for synchronization. The consumer thread has only access to the latest published data of the producer thread. This is implemented in a fast way as the writer directly writes the message in the buffer that will be passed to the reader (avoiding copy of the buffer) and a simple exchange of index is sufficient to handle the switch.
This container is designed to be used for easy synchronization inter-threads (and the variable should be a global shared one).
This is linked to shared atomic register in the literature and snapshot names vector of such registers where each element of the vector can be updated separately. They can be classified according to the number of producers/consumers: SPSC (Single Producer, Single Consumer), MPSC (Multiple Producer, Single Consumer), SPMC (Single Producer, Multiple Consumer), MPMC (Multiple Producer, Multiple Consumer),
The provided containers by the library are designed to handle huge structure efficiently and as such deal with the memory reclamation needed to handle them. If the data you are sharing are supported by the atomic header (like bool or integer), using atomic_load and atomic_store is a much more efficient and simple way to do even in the case of MPMC.
Define the snapshot 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. Only a single reader thread and a single writer thread are supported. It is a SPSC atomic shared register. In practice, it is implemented using a triple buffer (lock-free).
It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit. Not all functions are thread safe.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (INIT, INIT_SET, SET and CLEAR), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object. It supports also INIT_MOVE if available.
Example:
SNAPSHOT_DEF(snapshot_uint, unsigned int)
snapshot_uint_t message;
void f(unsigned int i) {
unsigned *p = snapshot_uint_get_write_buffer(message);
*p = i;
snapshot_uint_write(message);
}
unsigned int g(void) {
unsigned *p = snapshot_uint_read(message);
return *p;
}
Same as SNAPSHOT_SPSC_DEF except the name of the type name_t is provided.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
Initialize the snapshot 'snapshot'. This function is not thread safe.
Clear the snapshot and destroy all its allocations. This function is not thread safe.
Initialize the snapshot 'snapshot' from the state of 'org'. This function is not thread safe.
Set the snapshot 'snapshot' from the state of 'org'. This function is not thread safe.
Move the contain of the snapshot 'org' to the uninitialized 'snapshot', clearing 'org' in the process. This function is not thread safe. This function is defined only if the underlying type has defined the INIT_MOVE operator.
Move the contain of the snapshot 'org' to the initialized 'snapshot', clearing 'org' in the process. This function is not thread safe. This function is defined only if the underlying type has defined the MOVE operator.
Publish the 'in-progress' data of the snapshot 'snap so that the read thread can have access to the data. It returns the pointer to the new 'in-progress' data buffer of the snapshot (which is not yet published but will be published for the next call of name_write). This function is thread-safe and performs atomic operation on the snapshot.
Get access to the last published data of the snapshot 'snap'. It returns the pointer to the data. If a publication has been performed since the last call to name_read a new pointer to the data is returned. Otherwise the previous pointer is returned. This function is thread-safe and performs atomic operation on the snapshot.
Return true if the buffer has updated data compared to the last time it was read. This function is thread-safe and performs atomic operation on the snapshot.
Return a pointer to the active 'in-progress' data of the snapshot 'snap'. It is the same as the last return from name_write. This function is thread-safe and performs atomic operation on the snapshot.
Return a pointer to the active published data of the snapshot 'snap'. It is the same as the last return from name_read. It doesn't perform any switch of the data that has to be read. This function is thread-safe and performs atomic operation on the snapshot.
TODO: Document SPMC & MPMC snapshots
This header is for creating shared pointer. A shared pointer is a smart pointer that retains shared ownership of an object. Several shared pointers may own the same object, sharing ownership of an object.
Define the shared pointer 'name##_t' and its associated methods as "static inline" functions. A shared pointer is a mechanism to keep tracks of all users of an object and performs an automatic destruction of the object whenever all users release their need on this object.
The tracking of ownership is atomic and the destruction of the object is thread safe.
The object oplist is expected to have at least the following operators (CLEAR to clear the object and DEL to free the allocated memory), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default oplist for standard C type is used or a globally registered oplist is used. The created methods will use the operators to initialize, set and clear the contained object. It supports also the INIT_MOVE operator of the object if available.
There are designed to work with buffers with policy BUFFER_PUSH_INIT_POP_MOVE to send a shared pointer across multiple threads.
Example:
SHARED_PTR_DEF(shared_mpz, mpz_t, (CLEAR(mpz_clear)))
void f(void) {
shared_mpz_t p;
mpz_t z;
mpz_init(z);
shared_mpz_init2 (p, z);
buffer_uint_push(g_buff1, p);
buffer_uint_push(g_buff2, p);
shared_mpz_clear(p);
}
Same as SHARED_PTR_DEF except the name of the type name_t is provided.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
Initialize the shared pointer 'shared' to represent NULL (no object is therefore referenced).
Initialize the shared pointer 'shared' to reference '*data'. User code shall not use '*data' (or any pointer to it) anymore as the shared pointer gets the exclusive ownership of the object.
Initialize the shared pointer 'shared' to a new object of type 'type'. The default constructor of type is used to initialize the object.
Initialize the shared pointer 'shared' to the same object than the one pointed by 'src' (sharing ownership). This function is thread safe from 'src' point of view.
Return true if shared doesn't reference any object.
Clear the shared pointer: the shared pointer loses its ownership of the object and it destroys it if no longer any other shared pointers own the object. This function is thread safe.
'shared' loses ownership of its object and destroy it if no longer any other shared pointers own it. Then it makes the shared pointer 'shared' references NULL (it doesn't reference its object any-longer and loses its ownership of it). This function is thread safe.
'shared' loses ownership of its object and destroy it if no longer any other shared pointers own it. Then it sets the shared pointer 'shared' to the same object than the one pointed by 'src' (sharing ownership). This function is thread safe.
Move the shared pointer from the initialized 'src' to 'shared'.
'shared' loses ownership of its object and destroy it if no longer any other shared pointers own it. Then it moves the shared pointer from the initialized 'src' to 'shared'.
Swap the references of the objects owned by the shared pointers 'shared1' and 'shared2'.
Return true if both shared pointers own the same object.
Return a constant pointer to the shared object owned by the shared pointer. The pointer shall be kept only until another use of shared pointer method. Keeping the pointer otherwise is undefined behavior.
Return a pointer to the shared object pointed by the shared pointer. The pointer shall be kept only until another use of shared pointer method. Keeping the pointer otherwise is undefined behavior.
TODO: Document shared resource
This header is for creating intrusive shared pointer.
Extend the definition of the structure of an object of type 'type' by adding the necessary interface to handle it as a shared pointer named 'name'. It shall be put within the structure definition of the object (See example).
Define the associated methods to handle the shared pointer named 'name' as "static inline" functions. A shared pointer is a mechanism to keep tracks of all users of an object and performs an automatic destruction of the object whenever all users release their need on this object.
The destruction of the object is thread safe and to occur when all users of the object release it. The last user that releases it is the one that performs the destruction of the object. The destruction of the object implies:
- calling the CLEAR operator to clear the object,
- calling the DEL operator to release the memory used by the object (if the method has not been disabled).
The object oplist is expected to have the following operators (CLEAR and DEL), otherwise default operators are used. If there is no given oplist, the default operators are also used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
There are designed to work with buffers with policy BUFFER_PUSH_INIT_POP_MOVE to send a shared pointer across multiple threads.
It is recommended to use the intrusive shared pointer over the standard one if possible (They are faster & cleaner).
Example:
typedef struct mystruct_s {
ISHARED_PTR_INTERFACE(ishared_mystruct, struct mystruct_s);
char *message;
} mystruct_t;
static inline void mystruct_init(mystruct_t *p) { p->message = NULL; }
static inline void mystruct_clear(mystruct_t *p) { free(p->message); }
ISHARED_PTR_DEF(ishared_mystruct, mystruct_t, (INIT(mystruct_init), CLEAR(mystruct_clear M_IPTR)))
void f(void) {
mystruct_t *p = ishared_mystruct_init_new();
p->message = strdup ("Hello");
buffer_mystruct_push(g_buff1, p);
buffer_mystruct_push(g_buff2, p);
ishared_mystruct_clear(p);
}
Same as ISHARED_PTR_DEF except the name of the type name_t is provided.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
It will define name_t as a pointer to shared counted object. This is a synonymous to a pointer to the object.
Return a shared pointer to 'object' which owns 'object'. The shared pointer part of 'object' shall not have been initialized, whereas other part of the object shall be initialized.
Return a new shared pointer to the same object than the one pointed by 'shared', incrementing the ownership of the object. This function is thread safe.
Allocate a new object, initialize it and return an initialized shared pointer to it.
The used allocation function is the ALLOC operator. In this case, it is assumed that the DEL operator has not been disabled.
This function is created only if the INIT method is defined in the oplist and if the NEW method has not been disabled in the oplist.
Clear the shared pointer, releasing ownership of the object and destroying the shared object if no longer any other shared pointers own it. This function is thread safe.
Clear the shared pointer '*shared', releasing ownership of the object and destroying the shared object if no longer any other shared pointers own it. This function is thread safe. Afterwards, '*shared' is set to NULL.
Update the shared pointer '*shared1' to point to the same object than the shared pointer 'shared2'. Destroy the shared object pointed by '*shared1' if no longer any other shared pointers own it, set the shared pointer 'shared' to the same object than the one pointed by 'src'. This function is thread safe.
This header is for creating intrusive doubly-linked list.
Extend an object by adding the necessary interface to handle it within an intrusive doubly-linked list. This is the intrusive part. It shall be put within the structure of the object to link, at the top level of the structure. See example of ILIST_DEF.
Define the intrusive doubly-linked list and define the associated methods to handle it as "static inline" functions. 'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the list. It will be used to create all the types and functions to handle the container. It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit.
An object is expected to be part of only one list of a kind in the entire program at a time. An intrusive list enables to move from an object to the next object without needing to go through the entire list, or to remove an object from a list in O(1). It may, or may not, be better than standard list. It depends on the context.
The object oplist is expected to have the default operators. If there is no given oplist, the methods for a standard C type are used, or if there is a global defined oplist, it is used. The created methods will use the operators to init, set and clear the contained object.
The given interface won't allocate anything to handle the objects as all allocations and initialization are let to the user.
However the objects within the list can be automatically be cleared (by calling the CLEAR method to destruct the object) on list destruction. The memory allocation, performed by the called, can also be reclaimed by defining a DEL operator to free the used memory in the object oplist. If there is no DEL operator, it is up to the user to free the used memory.
Example:
typedef struct test_s {
int n;
ILIST_INTERFACE (ilist_tname, struct test_s);
} test_t;
ILIST_DEF(ilist_tname, test_t)
void f(void) {
test_t x1, x2, x3;
ilist_tname_t list;
x1.n = 1;
x2.n = 2;
x3.n = 3;
ilist_tname_init(list);
ilist_tname_push_back (list, &x3);
ilist_tname_push_front (list, &x1);
ilist_tname_push_after (&x1, &x2);
int n = 1;
for M_EACH(item, list, ILIST_OPLIST(ilist_tname)) {
assert (n == item->n);
n++;
}
ilist_tname_clear(list);
}
Same as SNAPSHOT_SPSC_DEF except the name of the types name_t, name_it_t are provided.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
Type of the list of 'type'.
Type of an iterator over this list.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macro.
Initialize the list 'list' (aka constructor) to an empty list.
Initialize the additional fields of the object '*obj'.
Clear the list 'list (aka destructor). The list can't be used anymore, except with a constructor. If the DEL operator is available in the oplist of the type, the cleared object will also be deleted.
Clean the list (the list becomes empty). The list remains initialized but is empty. If the DEL operator is available in the oplist of the type, the cleared object will also be deleted.
Return a constant pointer to the data stored in the back of the list.
Return a constant pointer to the data stored in the front of the list.
Push the object '*obj' itself at the back of the list 'list'.
Push the object '*obj' itself at the front of the list 'list'.
Push the object '*obj' after the object '*position'.
Pop the object from the back of the list 'list' and return a pointer to the popped object.
Pop the object from the front of the list 'list' and return a pointer to the popped object.
Return true if the list is empty, false otherwise.
Swap the list 'list1' and 'list2'.
Remove the object '*obj' from the list.
Return the object that is after the object '*obj' in the list or NULL if there is no more object.
Return the object that is before the object '*obj' in the list or NULL if there is no more object.
Set the iterator 'it' to the back(=first) element of 'list'. There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Set the iterator 'it' to the iterator 'ref'. There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Set the iterator 'it' to the last element of the list. There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Set the iterator 'it' to the end of the list (i.e. not a valid element). There is no destructor associated to this initialization.
Return true if the iterator doesn't reference a valid element anymore.
Return true if the iterator references the last element or if the iterator doesn't reference a valid element anymore.
Return true if the iterator it1 references the same element than it2.
Move the iterator 'it' to the next element of the list.
Move the iterator 'it' to the previous element of the list.
Return a pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the list is modified by another method.
Return a constant pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the list is modified by another method.
Return the number elements of the list (aka size). Return 0 if there no element.
Insert a copy of 'x' after the position pointed by 'it' (which is an iterator of the list 'list') or if 'it' doesn't point anymore to a valid element of the list, it is added as the back (=first) element of the 'list' This service is available only if a NEW operator is available for the type.
Remove the element 'it' from the list 'list'. After wise, 'it' points to the next element of the list.
Move the element pointed by 'it' (which is an iterator of 'list2') from the list 'list2' to the back position of 'list1'. After wise, 'it' points to the next element of 'list2'.
Move all the element of 'list2' into 'list1", moving the last element of 'list2' after the first element of 'list1'. After-wise, 'list2' is emptied.
This header is for transforming a standard container (LIST, ARRAY, DICT, DEQUE, ...) into an equivalent container but compatible with concurrent access by different threads. In practice, it puts a lock to access the container.
As such it is quite generic. However it is less efficient than containers specially tuned for multiple threads. There is also no iterators.
Define the concurrent container 'name' based on container 'type' of oplist 'oplist', and define the associated methods to handle it as "static inline" functions. 'name' shall be a C identifier that will be used to identify the list. It will be used to create all the types and functions to handle the container. It shall be done once per type and per compilation unit.
It scans the 'oplist' of the type to create equivalent function, so it needs it (either explicitly or implicitly).
Example:
/* Define a stack container (STACK)*/
ARRAY_DEF(array1, int)
CONCURRENT_DEF(parray1, array1_t, ARRAY_OPLIST(array1))
/* Define a queue container (FIFO) */
DEQUE_DEF(deque_uint, unsigned int)
CONCURRENT_DEF(cdeque_uint, deque_uint_t, M_OPEXTEND(DEQUE_OPLIST(deque_uint, M_DEFAULT_OPLIST), PUSH(deque_uint_push_front)))
extern parray1_t x1;
extern cdeque_uint_t x2;
void f(void) {
parray1_push (x1, 17);
cdeque_uint_push (x2, 17);
}
Same as CONCURRENT_DEF except the name of the type name_t is provided.
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
Type of the concurrent container of 'type'.
Initialize the concurrent container. This method is only defined if the base container exports the INIT operator.
Initialize the concurrent container and set it with a copy of 'src'. This method is only defined if the base container exports the INIT_SET operator.
Initialize the concurrent container by stealing as much resources from 'src' as possible. Afterwards 'src' is cleared. This method is only defined if the base container exports the INIT_MOVE operator.
Set the container with a copy of 'src'. This method is only defined if the base container exports the SET operator.
Set the container with the value of 'src' by stealing as much resources from 'src' as possible. Afterwards 'src' is cleared. This method is only defined if the base container exports the MOVE operator.
Clean the concurrent container. Afterwards the container is empty, but remains initialized. This method is only defined if the base container exports the CLEAN operator.
Clear the concurrent container and destroy any resource. This method shall only be called in context when no other threads can use the resource. This method is only defined if the base container exports the CLEAR operator.
Swap both containers. This method is only defined if the base container exports the SWAP operator.
Return true if the container is empty, false otherwise. This method is only defined if the base container exports the TEST_EMPTY operator.
Associate to the key 'key' the value 'value' in the container. This method is only defined if the base container exports the SET_KEY operator.
Read the value associated to the key 'key'. If it exists, it sets '*value' to it and returns true. Otherwise it returns false. This method is only defined if the base container exports the GET_KEY operator.
Read the value associated to the key 'key'. If it exists, it sets '*value' to it. Otherwise it creates a new value and sets '*value' to it. This method is only defined if the base container exports the GET_SET_KEY operator.
Erase the association for the key 'key'. Returns true in case of success, false otherwise. This method is only defined if the base container exports the ERASE_KEY operator.
Push data in the container. This method is only defined if the base container exports the PUSH operator.
Pop data from the container and set it in '*data'. There shall be at least one data to pop. Testing with TEST_EMPTY before calling this function is not enough as there can be some concurrent scenario where another thread pop the last value. It is highly recommending to use name_pop_blocking instead which is safer. This method is only defined if the base container exports the POP operator.
Push data in the container by stealing as much resources from data as possible. Afterwards, data is cleared. This method is only defined if the base container exports the PUSH_MOVE operator.
Pop data from the container and initialize '*data' with it. It is highly recommending to use name_pop_move_blocking instead which is safer. This method is only defined if the base container exports the POP_MOVE operator.
Convert the container into a string representation of it and put it in 'str' This method is only defined if the base container exports the GET_STR operator.
Convert the container into a string and put it in 'file'. This method is only defined if the base container exports the OUT_STR operator.
Convert the string representing the container and set it 'concurrent' to it. Return true in case of success, false otherwise. This method is only defined if the base container exports the PARSE_STR operator.
Read the file and convert the string representing the container and set it 'concurrent' to it. Return true in case of success, false otherwise. This method is only defined if the base container exports the IN_\STR operator.
Return true if both containers are equal, false otherwise. This method is only defined if the base container exports the EQUAL operator.
Read the value associated to the key 'key'. If it exists, it sets '*value' to it and returns true. Otherwise if blocking is true, it waits for the data to be filled. After the wait, it sets '*value' to it and returns true. Otherwise if blocking is false, it returns false. This method is only defined if the base container exports the GET_KEY operator.
Pop a value from the container and set '*data' with it. If the container is not empty, it sets '*data' and return true. Otherwise if blocking is true, it waits for the data to be pushed. After the wait, it sets '*data' to it and returns true. Otherwise if blocking is false, it returns false. This method is only defined if the base container exports the POP and TEST_EMPTY operators.
Pop a value from the container and initialize & set '*data' with it. If the container is not empty, it initializes & sets '*data' and return true. Otherwise if blocking is true, it waits for the data to be pushed. After the wait, it initializes & sets '*data' to it and returns true. Otherwise if blocking is false, it returns false (*data remains uninitialized!). This method is only defined if the base container exports the POP_MOVE and TEST_EMPTY operators.
Return a value suitable for being a hash of the container. This method is only defined if the base container exports the HASH operator.
This header is for using bitset.
A bitset can be seen as a specialized version of an array of bool, where each item takes only 1 bit. It enables for compact representation of such array.
Example:
void f(void) {
bitset_t set;
bitset_init(set);
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i ++)
bitset_push_back(set, i%2);
bitset_clear(set);
}
The methods are mostly the same than for an array. The following methods are available:
This type defines a dynamic array of bit and is the primary type of the module.
This type defines an iterator over the bitset.
Initialize the bitset 'array' (aka constructor) to an empty array.
Initialize the bitset 'array' (aka constructor) and set it to the value of 'ref'.
Set the bitset 'array' to the value of 'ref'.
Initialize the bitset 'array' (aka constructor) by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. Afterwards 'ref' is cleared.
Set the bitset 'array' by stealing as many resources from 'ref' as possible. Afterwards 'ref' is cleared.
Clear the bitset 'array (aka destructor).
Clean the bitset (the bitset becomes empty but remains initialized).
Push a new element into the back of the bitset 'array' with the value 'value'.
Push a new element into the position 'key' of the bitset 'array' with the value 'value' contained within. 'key' shall be a valid position of the array: from 0 to the size of array (included).
Pop a element from the back of the bitset 'array' and set *data to this value if data is not NULL (if data is NULL, the popped data is cleared).
Set *dest to the value the element 'key' if dest is not NULL, then remove the element 'key' from the bitset. 'key' shall be within the size of the bitset.
Return the first element of the bitset. The bitset shall have at least one element.
Return the last element of the bitset. The bitset shall have at least one element.
Set the element 'i' of bitset 'array' to 'value'. 'i' shall be within 0 to the size of the array (excluded).
Flip the element 'i' of bitset 'array''. 'i' shall be within 0 to the size of the array (excluded).
Return the element 'i' of the bitset. 'i' shall be within 0 to the size of the array (excluded).
Return true if the bitset is empty, false otherwise.
Return the size of the bitset.
Return the capacity of the bitset.
Resize the bitset 'array' to the size 'size' (initializing or clearing elements).
Extend or reduce the capacity of the 'array' to a rounded value based on 'capacity'. If the given capacity is below the current size of the bitset, the capacity is set to the size of the bitset.
Swap the bitsets 'array1' and 'array2'.
Swap the elements 'i' and 'j' of the bitset 'array'. 'i' and 'j' shall reference valid elements of the array.
Set the iterator 'it' to the first element of 'array'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the last element of 'array'.
Set the iterator 'it' to the end of 'array'.
Set the iterator 'it1' to 'it2'.
Return true if the iterator doesn't reference a valid element anymore.
Return true if the iterator references the last element of the array, or doesn't reference a valid element.
Return true if both iterators reference the same element.
Move the iterator 'it' to the next element of the array.
Move the iterator 'it' to the previous element of the array.
Return a constant pointer to the element pointed by the iterator. This pointer remains valid until the array or the iterator is modified by another method.
Generate a string representation of the bitset 'array' and set 'str' to this representation (if 'append' is false) or append 'str' with this representation (if 'append' is true). This method is only defined if the header 'm-string.h' was included before including 'm-bitset.h'
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of a bitset and set 'array' to this representation. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Generate a string representation of the bitset 'array' and outputs it into the FILE 'file'.
Read from the file 'file' a string representation of a bitset and set 'array' to this representation.
Return true if both bitsets 'array1' and 'array2' are equal.
Return an hash value of 'array'.
This header is for using dynamic string. The size of the string is automatically updated in function of the needs.
Example:
void f(void) {
string_t s1;
string_init (s1);
string_set_str (s1, "Hello, world!");
string_clear(s1);
}
The following methods are available:
This type defines a dynamic string and is the primary type of the module. The provided methods are just handy wrappers to the C library, providing few algorithms on its own.
Constant Macro defined as the index value returned in case of error. (equal as -1U).
This type defines the different enumerate value for the string_fgets function:
- STRING_READ_LINE: read a full line until the EOL character (included),
- STRING_READ_PURE_LINE: read a full line until the EOL character (excluded),
- STRING_READ_FILE: read the full file.
Init the string 'str' to an empty string.
Clear the string 'str' and frees any allocated memory.
Clear the string 'str' and returns the allocated array of char, representing a C string, giving back ownership of this array to the caller. This array will have to be freed. It can return NULL if no array was allocated by the string.
Set the string 'str' to an empty string.
Return the size in bytes of the string. It can be also the number of characters of the string if the encoding type is one character per byte. If the characters are encoded as UTF8, the function string_length_u is preferred.
Return the capacity in bytes of the string. The capacity is the number of bytes the string accept before a reallocation of the underlying array of char has to be performed.
Return the byte 'index' of the string 'v'. 'index' shall be within the allowed range of bytes of the string.
Return true if the string is empty, false otherwise.
Update the capacity of the string to be able to receive at least 'alloc' bytes. Calling with 'alloc' lower or equal than the size of the string enables the function to perform a shrink of the string to its exact needs. If the string is empty, it will free the memory.
Set the string to the array of char 'str'. 'str' is supposed to be 0 terminated as any C string.
Set the string to the array of char 'str' by copying at most 'n' char from the array. 'str' is supposed to be 0 terminated as any C string.
Return a constant pointer to the underlying array of char of the string. This array of char is terminated by 0, enabling the pointer to be passed to standard C function. The pointer remains valid until the string itself remains valid and the next call to a function that updates the string.
Set the string 'v1' to the value of the string 'v2'.
Set the string to the value of the string 'ref' by skipping the first 'offset' char of the array of char of 'ref' and copying at most 'length' char in the remaining array of characters of 'ref'. 'offset' shall be within the range of index of the string 'ref'. 'ref' and 'v' cannot be the same string.
Initialize 'v1' to the value of the string 'v2'.
Initialize 'v1' to the value of the array of char 'str'. The array of char shall be terminated with 0.
Initialize 'v1' by stealing as most resource from 'v2' as possible and clear 'v2' afterward.
Set 'v1' by stealing as most resource from 'v2' as possible and clear 'v2' afterward.
Swap the content of both strings.
Append the string with the character 'c'
Append the string 'v' with the array of char 'str'. The array of char shall be terminated with 0.
Append the string 'v' with the string 'v2'.
Perform a byte comparison of both string by using the strcmp function and return the result of this comparison.
Return true if the string is equal to the array of char, false otherwise.
Return true if both strings are equal, false otherwise.
This function compares both strings by ignoring the difference due to the case. This function doesn't work with UTF-8 strings. It returns a negative integer if the string is before the array, 0 if there are equal, a positive integer if the string is after the array.
Search for the character 'c' in the string from the offset 'start'. 'start' shall be within the valid ranges of offset of the string. 'start' is an optional argument. If it is not present, the default value 0 is used instead. This doesn't work if the function is used as function pointer. Return the offset of the string where the character is first found, or STRING_FAILURE otherwise.
Search backwards for the character 'c' in the string from the offset 'start'. 'start' shall be within the valid ranges of offset of the string. 'start' is an optional argument. If it is not present, the default value 0 is used instead. This doesn't work if the function is used as function pointer. Return the offset of the string where the character is last found, or STRING_FAILURE otherwise.
Search for the string 'str' in the string from the offset 'start'. 'start' shall be within the valid ranges of offset of the string. 'start' is an optional argument. If it is not present, the default value 0 is used instead. This doesn't work if the function is used as function pointer. Return the offset of the string where 'str' is first found, or STRING_FAILURE otherwise.
Search for the first occurrence in the string 'v' from the offset 'start' of any of the bytes in the string 'first_of'. 'start' shall be within the valid ranges of offset of the string. 'start' is an optional argument. If it is not present, the default value 0 is used instead. This doesn't work if the function is used as function pointer. Return the offset of the string where 'str' is first found, or STRING_FAILURE otherwise.
Compare the two strings str1 and str2. It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if 's1' is found, respectively, to be less than, to match, or be greater than s2. The comparison is based on strings interpreted as appropriate for the program's current locale.
Calculate the length (in bytes) of the initial segment of the string that consists entirely of bytes in accept.
Calculate the length (in bytes) of the initial segment of the string that consists entirely of bytes not in reject.
Keep at most the 'index' left bytes of the string, terminating the string at the given index. index can be out of range.
Keep the right part of the string, after the index 'index'.
Extract the medium string from offset 'index' and up to 'size' bytes.
Replace in the string 'v' from the offset 'start' the string 'str1' by the string 'str2' once. Returns the offset of the replacement or STRING_FAILURE if no replacement was performed.
Replace in the string 'v' the sub-string defined as starting from 'pos' and of size 'len' by the string str2. It assumes that pos+len is before the end of the string of 'v'.
Set the string 'v' to the formatted string 'format'. 'format' is like the printf function family.
Appends to the string 'v' the formatted string 'format'. 'format' is like the printf function family.
Read from the opened file 'f' a stream of characters and set 'v' with this stream. It stops after the character end of line if arg is STRING_READ_PURE_LINE or STRING_READ_LINE, and until the end of the file if arg is STRING_READ_FILE. If arg is STRING_READ_PURE_LINE, the character end of line is removed from the string. Return true if something has been read, false otherwise.
Read a word from the file 'f' and set 'v' with this word. A word is separated from another by the list of characters in the array 'separator'. (Example: "^ \t.\n"). It is highly recommended for separator to be a constant string. 'separator' shall be at most composed of 100 characters (as bytes).
Put the string in the file.
Return true if the string starts with the same characters than 'str', false otherwise.
Return true if the string ends with the same characters than 'str', false otherwise.
Return a hash of the string.
Remove from the string any leading or trailing space-like characters (space or tabulation or end of line). If 'charTab' is given, it get the list of characters to remove from this argument.
Provide the OOR_EQUAL_P operator of a string.
Provide the OOR_SET operator of a string.
Convert a string into a string usable for I/O: Outputs the input string with quote around, replacing any " by \" within the string into the output string.
Parse the string 'str' that is assumed to be a string representation of a string and set 'v' to this representation. This method is only defined if the type of the element defines a PARSE_STR method itself. It returns true if success, false otherwise. If endp is not NULL, it sets '*endp' to the pointer of the first character not decoded by the function.
Write a string into a FILE: Outputs the input string while quoting around, replacing any " by \" within the string, and quote special characters.
Read a string from a FILE. The string shall follow the formatting rules of string_out_str. It returns true if it has successfully parsed the string, false otherwise. In this case, the position within the FILE is undefined.
Define a type suitable to store a unicode character.
Define an iterator over the string, enabling to iterate the string over UTF8 encoded character.
Initialize the iterator 'it' to iterate over the string 'str' over UTF8 encoded character.
Return true if the iterator has reached the end of the string, false otherwise.
Move the iterator to the next UTF8 encoded character. It is assumed that string_end_p has been called at least once per UTF8 character before.
Return the unicode character associated to the UTF8 encoded character pointer by the iterator. It is assumed that string_end_p has been called at least once per UTF8 character before. It returns -1 in case of error in decoding the UTF8 string.
Push the unicode character 'u' into the string 'str' encoding it as a UTF8 encoded characters.
Return the number of UTF8 encoded characters in the string.
Return true if the string is a valid UTF8, false otherwise. It doesn't check for unique canonical form for UTF8 string, so it may report 'true' whereas the string is not strictly conforming.
Macro to convert a constant array string into a temporary string_t variable suitable only for being called within a function.
The oplist of a string_t
aka char[N+1] TODO: Document the API.
This header is the internal core of M*LIB, providing a lot of functionality by extending a lot the preprocessing capability. Working with these macros is not easy and the developer needs to know how the macro preprocessing works. It also adds the needed macro for handling the oplist. As a consequence, it is needed by all other header files.
Some macros are using recursion to work. This is not an easy feat to do as it needs some tricks to work (see reference). This still work well with only one major limitation: it can not be chained. For example, if MACRO is a macro implementing recursion, then MACRO(MACRO()) won't work.
Example:
M_MAP(f, 1, 2, 3, 4)
M_REDUCE(f, g, 1, 2, 3, 4)
M_SEQ(1, 20, f)
The following compiler macros are available:
M_ASSUME is equivalent to assert, but gives hints to compiler about how to optimize the code if NDEBUG is defined.
M_LIKELY / M_UNLIKELY gives hints on the compiler of the likelihood of the given condition.
Maximum number of argument that can be handled by this header.
Return a symbol corresponding to the concatenation of the input arguments.
Increment the number given as argument (from [0..52]) and return a pre-processing token corresponding to this value (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage). If number is not within the range, the behavior is undefined.
Decrement the number given as argument (from [0..52]) and return a pre-processing token corresponding to this value (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage). If number is not within the range, the behavior is undefined.
Return x+y (resolution is performed at preprocessing time). x and y shall be within [0..52].
Return x-y (resolution is performed at preprocessing time). x and y shall be within [0..52] and x >= y.
Return the argument 1 of the given arglist (respectively 2 and N, with which is within [2..53]). The argument shall exist in the arglist.
Skip the Nth first arguments of the argument list. N can be within [0..52].
Keep the Nth first arguments of the argument list. N can be within [0..52].
Keep the medium arguments of the argument list, starting from the 'first'-th one and up to 'len' arguments. first and len can be within [0..52].
Return the index 'index' of the "array" 'array'. array in this context is a list of arguments encapsulated with parenthesis, and is not a true C array. Return the pre-processing token corresponding to this value (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage).
Example:
M_GET_AT((f_0,f_1,f_2),1)
Convert an integer or a symbol into 0 (if 0) or 1 (if not 0 or symbol unknown). Return a pre-processing token corresponding to this value (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage).
Inverse 0 into 1 and 1 into 0. It is undefined if cond is not 0 or 1 (use M_BOOL to convert). Return a pre-processing token corresponding to this value (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage).
Perform a logical 'and' between cond1 and cond2. cond1 and cond2 shall be 0 or 1. (You should use M_bool to convert this parameter otherwise). Return a pre-processing token corresponding to this value (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage).
Perform a logical 'or' between cond1 and cond2. cond1 and cond2 shall be 0 or 1. (You should use M_bool to convert this parameter otherwise). Return a pre-processing token corresponding to this value (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage).
Return the pre-processing token 'action_if_true' if 'cond' is true, action_if_false otherwise (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage). cond shall be 0 or 1. (You should use M_bool to convert this parameter otherwise).
Return 1 if there is a comma inside the argument list, 0 otherwise. Return a pre-processing token corresponding to this value (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage).
Return the string representation of the evaluated expression. NOTE: Need to be used with M_APPLY to defer the evaluation.
Return 1 if the argument 'expression' is 'empty', 0 otherwise. Return a pre-processing token corresponding to this value (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage).
Return a comma ',' at a later phase of the macro processing steps.
Return the pre-processing token 'action_if_true' if 'cond' is empty, action_if_false otherwise (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage). cond shall be 0 or 1. (You should use M_bool to convert this parameter otherwise).
Return 1 if the argument 'expression' starts a parenthesis and ends it (like '(...)'), 0 otherwise. Return a pre-processing token corresponding to this value (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage).
Delay the evaluation by 1, 2, 3 or 4 steps. This is necessary to write macros that are recursive. The argument is a macro-function that has to be deferred. M_ID is an equivalent of M_DELAY1.
Perform a complete stage evaluation of the given expression, removing recursive expression within it. Only ONE M_EVAL expression is expected in the evaluation chain. Can not be chained.
Apply 'func' to '(args...) ensuring that a() isn't evaluated until all 'args' have been also evaluated. It is used to delay evaluation.
Apply 'func' to each argument of the 'args...' list of argument.
Apply 'func' to each argument of the 'args...' list of argument, putting a comma between each expanded 'func(argc)'
Apply 'func' to each couple '(data, argument)' with argument an element of the 'args...' list.
Apply 'func' to each couple '(data, argument)' with argument an element of the 'args...' list, putting a comma between each expanded 'func(argc)'
Map a macro to all given pair of arguments (Using recursion). Can not be chained.
Map the macro funcMap to all given arguments 'args' and reduce all theses computation with the macro 'funcReduce'. Example: M_REDUCE(f, g, a, b, c) ==> g( f(a), g( f(b), f(c))
Map the macro funcMap to all pair (data, arg) of the given argument list 'args' and reduce all theses computation with the macro 'funcReduce'. Do not use recursion.
Generate a sequence of number from 'init' to 'end' and apply to the macro the pair '(data, num)' for each number 'num'.
Clobber the input, whatever it is.
Return the number of argument of the given list. Doesn't work for empty argument.
Return the pre-processing token 'action_if_one_arg' if 'argslist' has only one argument, action_otherwise otherwise (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage).
Return the pre-processing token 'action_if_two_arg' if 'argslist' has two arguments, action_otherwise otherwise (meaning it is evaluated at macro processing stage, not at compiler stage).
Return the pre-processing token 'action' if the build is compiled in debug mode (i.e. NDEBUG is undefined).
Helper macro to redefine a function with a default value. If there is only one variable as the argument list, print the variable of the argument list then ', value', instead only print the argument list (and so two arguments). Example: int f(int a, int b); #define f(...) M_APPLY(f, M_IF_DEFAULT1(0, VA_ARGS)) This need to be called within a M_APPLY macro.
Helper macro to redefine a function with one or more default values. defaultArgumentlist is a list of the default value to complete the list argumentList to reach the number nbExpectedArg arguments. Example: int f(int a, int b, long p, void *q); #define f(...) f(M_DEFAULT_ARGS(4, (0, 1, NULL), VA_ARGS)) The last 3 arguments have their default value as 0 (for b), 1 (for p) and NULL (for q).
Return 1 if x != y, 0 otherwise (resolution is performed at preprocessing time). x and y shall be within the maximum argument value.
Return 1 if x == y, 0 otherwise (resolution is performed at preprocessing time). x and y shall be within the maximum argument value.
Reverse the argument list. For example, if args was a,b,c, it return c,b,a.
Theses macros are only valid if the program is built in C11 mode:
Return the printf format associated to the type of 'x'. 'x' shall be a basic C variable, printable with printf.
Print using printf the variable 'x'. The format of 'x' is deduced provided that it is a standard numerical C type.
Print into a file 'file' using fprintf the variable 'x'. The format of 'x' is deduced provided that it is a standard numerical C type.
Print into the string_t 'string' the variable 'x'. The format of 'x' is deduced provided that it is a standard numerical C type. It needs the header 'm-string.h' for working (this macro is only a wrapper around it).
Print using printf all the variable in 'args'. The format of the arguments are deduced provided that it is a standard numerical C type.
Print into a file 'file' using fprintf all the variables in 'args'. The format of the arguments are deduced provided that it is a standard numerical C type.
Within a C11 _Generic statement, all expressions must be valid C expression even if the case if always false, and is not executed. This can seriously limit the _Generic statement. This macro overcomes this limitation by returning :
- either the input 'x' if it is of type 'type',
- or the value 0 view as a type 'type'.
So the returned value is always of type 'type' and is safe in a _Generic statement.
Theses macros expand their code at compilation level:
Return the minimum of 'x' and 'y'. x and y shall not have any side effect.
Return the maximum of 'x' and 'y'. x and y shall not have any side effect.
Return true if 'n' is a power of 2. n shall not have any side effect.
Swap the values of 'a' and 'b'. 'a' and 'b' are of type 'type'. a and b shall not have any side effect.
Check if 'a' can be assigned to a temporary of type 'type' and returns this temporary. If it cannot, the compilation failed.
Check if 'a' can be properly casted to (const type *) and returns this casted pointer if possible. If it cannot, the compilation failed.
Assuming 'ptr' is a pointer to a fieldType object that is stored within a structure of type 'type' at the position 'field', it returns a pointer to the structure.
User shall overwrite this macro by a random seed (of type size_t) before including the header m-core.h o that all hash functions will use this variable as a seed for the hash functions. If no user macro is defined, the default is to expand it to 0, making all hash computations predictable.
Declare and initialize a new hash computation, named 'hash' that is an integer.
Update the 'hash' variable with the given 'value' by incorporating the 'value' within the 'hash'. 'value' can be up to a 'size_t' variable.
Perform a rotation of 'n' bits of the input 'x'. n shall be within 1 and the number of bits of the type minus 1.
Round to the next highest power of 2.
Count the number of leading zero and return it. limb can be 0.
Compute the hash of the binary representation of the data pointer by 'str' of length 'length'. 'str' shall have the same alignment restriction than a 'size_t'.
Return the associated method to the given operator within the given oplist.
Default oplist for C standard boolean.
Default oplist for C standard types (int & float)
Default oplist for a C standard enumerate of type 'type', and of initial value 'init_value'
Default oplist for the C type const char *, seen as a constant string.
Default oplist for a structure C type without any init & clear prerequisites (plain old data).
Default oplist for an array of size 1 of a structure C type without any init & clear prerequisites.
Default oplist for a type that shall not be instantiated. Each method does nothing.
Create the oplist with the operators using the pattern 'name', i.e. name##_init, name##_init_set, name##_set, name##_clear, name##_t
Remove the parenthesis around an oplist.
Concat two oplists in one. 'oplist1''s operators will have higher priority to 'oplist2'
Extend an oplist with the given list of operators. Theses new operators will have higher priority than the ones in the given oplist.
Test if a method is present in an oplist. Return 0 or 1.
Perform a preprocessing M_IF, if the method is present in the oplist. Example: M_IF_METHOD(HASH, oplist)(define function that uses HASH method, )
Perform a preprocessing M_IF if the method exists in both oplist. Example: M_IF_METHOD_BOTH(HASH, oplist1, oplist2) (define function , )
Perform a preprocessing M_IF if the method exists for all oplist. Example: M_IF_METHOD_ALL(HASH, oplist1, oplist2, oplist3) (define function, )
By putting this after a method for an operator in the oplist, it specifies that the first argument of the method shall be a pointer to the destination type, rather than the type. See M_API_2 for an equivalent implementation.
Perform an INIT_MOVE/MOVE if present, or emulate it otherwise. Note: default methods for INIT_MOVE/MOVE are not robust enough yet.
Check if a is an oplist, and return a or if a symbol composed of M_OPL_##a() is defined as an oplist, and returns it otherwise return a. In short, if a global oplist is defined for the argument, it returns it otherwise it returns the argument. Global oplist is limited to typedef types.
Check if a a symbol composed of M_OPL_##a() is defined as an oplist, and returns its name otherwise return a name that will expand to M_DEFAULT_OPLIST. The return value shall be evaluated once again to get the oplist (this is needed due to technical reasons) like this:
M_GLOBAL_OPLIST_OR_DEF(mpz_t)()
In short, if a global oplist is defined for the argument, it returns it otherwise it returns the default oplist. Global oplist is limited to typedef types.
These macros are quite useful to lighten the C style and make full use of the library.
This macro iterates over the given 'container' of oplist 'oplist' (or of type 'type' with a globally registered oplist) and sets 'item' to reference one different element of the container for each iteration of the loop.
'item' is a created pointer variable to the contained type of the container, only available within the 'for' loop. There can only have one M_EACH per line. It shall be used after the 'for' C keyword to perform a loop over the container. The order of the iteration depends on the given container.
Example: for M_EACH(item, list, LIST_OPLIST) { action; }
This macro defines the variable 'var1'(resp. var2, ...) of oplist 'oplist' (or of type 'type' with a globally registered oplist). It initializes 'var1' (resp. var2, ...) by calling the initialization method, and clears 'var1' (resp. var2, ...) by calling the clear method when the bracket associated to the M_LET go out of scope.
If 'var1' (resp. var2, ...) has the form (v1, va_list...), then the variable 'v1' will be initialized with the contains of 'va_list...' using the specialized initializer operator INIT_WITH and not the empty initializer INIT operator.
Example:
M_LET(a, STRING_OPLIST) { do something with a } or
M_LET(a, b, c, STRING_OPLIST) { do something with a, b & c }
NOTE: The user code can not perform a return or a goto outside the {} otherwise the clear code of the object won't be called . However, you can use the break instruction to quit the block.
All these macro can be overridden before including the header m-core.h so that they can be adapted to a particular memory pool.
Return a pointer to a new allocated non-initialized object of type 'type'. In case of allocation error, it returns NULL. The default used function is the 'malloc' function of the LIBC.
The user may defined its own implementation of the macro before including any M*LIB header.
Delete the cleared object pointed by the pointer 'ptr' that was previously allocated by the macro M_MEMORY_ALLOC. 'ptr' can not be NULL. The default used function is the 'free' function of the LIBC.
The user may defined its own implementation of the macro before including any M*LIB header.
Return a pointer to an array of 'number' objects of type 'type' 'ptr' is either NULL (in which the array is allocated), or a pointer returned from a previous call of M_MEMORY_REALLOC (in which case the array is reallocated). The objects are not initialized, nor the state of previous objects changed (in case of reallocation). The address of the previous objects may have moved and the MOVE operator is not used in this case. In case of allocation error, it returns NULL. The default used function is the 'realloc' function of the LIBC.
The user may defined its own implementation of the macro before including any M*LIB header.
Delete the cleared object pointed by the pointer 'ptr'. The pointer was previously allocated by the macro M_MEMORY_REALLOC. 'ptr' can not be NULL. The default used function is the 'free' function of the LIBC.
The user may defined its own implementation of the macro before including any M*LIB header.
This macro is called by M*LIB when a memory error has been detected. The parameter 'size' is what was tried to be allocated (as a hint). The default is to abort the execution. The macro can :
- abort the execution,
- throw an exception (In this case, the state of the object is unchanged),
- set a global error variable and return.
NOTE: The last two cases are not properly fully supported yet. Throwing an exception is not fully supported yet (Needs M*LIB support to clear the skipped objects).
The user may defined its own implementation of the macro before including any M*LIB header.
This macro is called when an assertion used in an initialization context is called to check the good creation of an object (like a thread, a mutex) that string name is 'object_name'. If the given 'expression' is false, the execution shall be aborted. The assertion is kept in programs built in release mode. The default is to abort the execution.
The user may defined its own implementation of the macro before including any M*LIB header.
A serialization is the process of translating data structures into a format that can be stored or transmitted. When the resulting format is reread and translated, it creates a semantically identical clone of the original object.
A generic serialization object is an object that takes a C object (boolean, integer, float, structure, union, pointer, array, list, hashmap, ...) and outputs it into a serialization way through the following defined interface that defined the format of the serialization and where it is physically output.
The M*LIB containers define the methods _out_serial and _in_serial if the underlying types define theses methods over the operators OUT_SERIAL and IN_SERIAL. The methods for the basic C types (int, float, ...) are also defined (but only in C11 due to technical limitation).
The methods _out_serial and _in_serial will request the generic serialization object to serialize their current object:
- calling the interface of the generic serialization object if needed,
- performing recursive call to serialize the contained-objects.
The final output of this serialization can be a FILE or a string. Two kinds of serialization objects exist: one for input and one for output. The serialization is fully recursive and can be seen as a collection of token. The only constraint is that what is output by the output serialization object shall be able to be parsed by the input serialization object.
The serialization input object is named as m_serial_read_t, defined in m-core.h as a structure (of array of size 1) with the following fields:
- m_interface: a pointer to the constant m_serial_read_interface_s structure that defines all methods that operate on this object to parse it. The instance has to be customized for the needs of the wanted serialization.
- data: a table of M_SERIAL_MAX_DATA_SIZE of C types (boolean, integer, size or pointer). This data is used to store the needed data for the methods.
This is pretty much like a pure virtual interface object in C++. The interface has to defines the following fields with the following definition:
- read_boolean: Read from the stream 'serial' a boolean. Set '*b' with the boolean value if it succeeds. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise
- read_integer: Read from the stream 'serial' an integer that can be represented with 'size_of_type' bytes. Set '*i' with the integer value if it succeeds. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise.
- read_float: Read from the stream 'serial' a float that can be represented with 'size_of_type' bytes. Set '*r' with the float value if it succeeds. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise.
- read_string: Read from the stream 'serial' a string. Set 's' with the string if it succeeds. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise
- read_array_start: Start reading from the stream 'serial' an array (which is defined as a sequential collection of object). Set '*num' with the number of elements, or 0 if it is not known. Initialize the object 'local' so that it can be used by the serialization object to serialize the array. ('local' is an unique local serialization object of the array). Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds and the parsing of the array can continue (the array is not empty), M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds and the array ends (the array is empty), M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise.
- read_array_next: Continue reading from the stream 'serial' an array using 'local' to load / save data if needed. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds and the array can continue (the array end is still not reached), M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds and the array ends, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise.
- read_map_start: Start reading from the stream 'serial' a map (an associative array). Set '*num' with the number of elements, or 0 if it is not known. Initialize 'local' so that it can be used to serialize the map. ('local' is an unique serialization object of the map). Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds and the map continue, M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds and the map ends (the map is empty), M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise
- read_map_value: Continue reading from the stream 'serial' the value separator token (if needed) using 'local' to load / save data if needed. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds and the map continue, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise
- read_map_next: Continue reading from the stream 'serial' a map. using 'local' to load / save data if needed. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds and the map continue, M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds and the map ends, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise
- read_tuple_start: Start reading a tuple from the stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds and the tuple continues, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise
- read_tuple_id: Continue reading a tuple (a structure) from the stream 'serial'. using 'local' to load / save data if needed. Set '*id' with the corresponding index of the table 'field_name[max]' associated to the parsed field in the stream. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds and the tuple continues, Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds and the tuple ends, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise
- read_variant_start: Start reading a variant (an union) from the stream 'serial'. Set '*id' with the corresponding index of the table 'field_name[max]' associated to the parsed field in the stream. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds and the variant continues, Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds and the variant ends(variant is empty), M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise
- read_variant_end: End reading a variant from the stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds and the variant ends, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise
The serialization output object is named as m_serial_write_t, defined in m-core.h as a structure (of array of size 1) with the following fields:
- m_interface: a pointer to the constant m_serial_write_interface_s structure that defines all methods that operate on this object to output it. The instance has to be customized for the needs of the wanted serialization.
- data: a table of M_SERIAL_MAX_DATA_SIZE of C types (boolean, integer, size or pointer). This data is used to store the needed data for the methods.
This is pretty much like a pure virtual interface object in C++. The interface has to defines the following fields with the following definition:
- write_boolean: Write the boolean 'b' into the serial stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_\integer: Write the integer 'data' of 'size_of_type' bytes into the serial stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_float: Write the float 'data' of 'size_of_type' bytes into the serial stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_string: Write the null-terminated string 'data' of 'length' characters into the serial stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_array_start: Start writing an array of 'number_of_elements' objects into the serial stream 'serial'. If 'number_of_elements' is 0, then either the array has no data, or the number of elements of the array is unknown. Initialize 'local' so that it can be used to serialize the array (local is an unique serialization object of the array). Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_array_next: Write an array separator between elements of an array into the serial stream 'serial' if needed. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_array_end: End the writing of an array into the serial stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_map_start: Start writing a map of 'number_of_elements' pairs of objects into the serial stream 'serial'. If 'number_of_elements' is 0, then either the map has no data, or the number of elements is unknown. Initialize 'local' so that it can be used to serialize the map (local is an unique serialization object of the map). Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_map_value: Write a value separator between element of the same pair of a map into the serial stream 'serial' if needed. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_map_next: Write a map separator between elements of a map into the serial stream 'serial' if needed. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_map_end: End the writing of a map into the serial stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_tuple_start: Start writing a tuple into the serial stream 'serial'. Initialize 'local' so that it can serial the tuple (local is an unique serialization object of the tuple). Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_tuple_id: Start writing the field named field_name[index] of a tuple into the serial stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_tuple_end: End the write of a tuple into the serial stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_variant_start: Start writing a variant into the serial stream 'serial'. If index <= 0, the variant is empty. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise Otherwise, the field 'field_name[index]' will be filled. Return M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
- write_variant_end: End Writing a variant into the serial stream 'serial'. Return M_SERIAL_OK_DONE if it succeeds, M_SERIAL_FAIL otherwise */
M_SERIAL_MAX_DATA_SIZE can be overloaded before including any M*LIB header to increase the size of the generic object. The maximum default size is 4 fields.
The full C definition are:
// Serial return code
typedef enum m_serial_return_code_e {
M_SERIAL_OK_DONE = 0, M_SERIAL_OK_CONTINUE = 1, M_SERIAL_FAIL = 2
} m_serial_return_code_t;
// Different types of types that can be stored in a serial object to represent it.
typedef union m_serial_ll_u {
bool b;
int i;
size_t s;
void *p;
} m_serial_ll_t;
/* Object to handle the construction of a serial write/read of an object
that needs multiple calls (array, map, ...)
It is common to all calls to the same object */
typedef struct m_serial_local_s {
m_serial_ll_t data[M_SERIAL_MAX_DATA_SIZE];
} m_serial_local_t[1];
// Object to handle the generic serial read of an object.
typedef struct m_serial_read_s {
const struct m_serial_read_interface_s *m_interface;
m_serial_ll_t data[M_SERIAL_MAX_DATA_SIZE];
} m_serial_read_t[1];
// Interface exported by the serial read object.
typedef struct m_serial_read_interface_s {
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_boolean)(m_serial_read_t serial,bool *b);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_integer)(m_serial_read_t serial, long long *i, const size_t size_of_type);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_float)(m_serial_read_t serial, long double *f, const size_t size_of_type);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_string)(m_serial_read_t serial, struct string_s *s);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_array_start)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_read_t serial, size_t *s);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_array_next)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_read_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_map_start)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_read_t serial, size_t *);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_map_value)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_read_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_map_next)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_read_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_tuple_start)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_read_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_tuple_id)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_read_t serial, const char *const field_name [], const int max, int *id);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_variant_start)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_read_t serial, const char *const field_name[], const int max, int*id);
m_serial_return_code_t (*read_variant_end)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_read_t serial);
} m_serial_read_interface_t;
// Object to handle the generic serial write of an object.
typedef struct m_serial_write_s {
const struct m_serial_write_interface_s *m_interface;
m_serial_ll_t data[M_SERIAL_MAX_DATA_SIZE];
} m_serial_write_t[1];
// Interface exported by the serial write object.
typedef struct m_serial_write_interface_s {
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_boolean)(m_serial_write_t serial, const bool b);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_integer)(m_serial_write_t serial, const long long i, const size_t size_of_type);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_float)(m_serial_write_t serial, const long double f, const size_t size_of_type);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_string)(m_serial_write_t serial, const char s[], size_t length);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_array_start)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial, const size_t number_of_elements);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_array_next)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_array_end)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_map_start)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial, const size_t number_of_elements);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_map_value)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_map_next)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_map_end)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_tuple_start)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_tuple_id)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial, const char * const field_name[], const int max, const int index);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_tuple_end)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_variant_start)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial, const char * const field_name[], const int max, const int index);
m_serial_return_code_t (*write_variant_end)(m_serial_local_t local, m_serial_write_t serial);
} m_serial_write_interface_t;
See m-serial-json.h for example of use.
This header is for providing very thin layer around OS implementation of threads, conditional variables and mutex. It has back-ends for WIN32, POSIX thread or C11 thread.
It was needed due to the low adoption rate of the C11 equivalent layer.
It uses the C11 threads.h if possible. If the C11 implementation does not respect the C standard (i.e. the compiler targets C11 mode, the __STDC_NO_THREADS__ macro is not defined but the header threads.h is not available or not working), then the user shall define manually the M_USE_THREAD_BACKEND macro to select the back end to use:
- 1: for C11
- 2: for WINDOWS
- 3: for PTHREAD
Example:
m_thread_t idx_p;
m_thread_t idx_c;
m_thread_create (idx_p, conso_function, NULL);
m_thread_create (idx_c, prod_function, NULL);
m_thread_join (idx_p;
m_thread_join (idx_c);
The following attributes are available:
An attribute used for qualifying a variable to be thread specific. It is an alias for __thread, _Thread_local or __declspec( thread ) depending on the used backend.
The following methods are available:
A type representing a mutex.
Initialize the variable mutex of type m_mutex_t. If the initialization fails, the program aborts.
Clear the variable mutex of type m_mutex_t. If the variable is not initialized, the behavior is undefined.
Lock the variable mutex of type m_mutex_t for exclusive use. If the variable is not free, it will wait indefinitely until it is. If the variable is not initialized, the behavior is undefined.
Unlock the variable mutex of type m_mutex_t for exclusive use. If the variable is not locked, the behavior is undefined. If the variable is not initialized, the behavior is undefined.
*** Obsolete macros ***
Define the lock 'name'. This shall be called in the global space (reserved for global variables).
*** Obsolete macros ***
Use the lock 'name': the encapsulation instructions are protected by the lock. Example:
M_LOCK_DECL(n_lock);
unsigned long n = 0;
void f(void) {
M_LOCK(n_lock) {
n ++;
}
}
A type representing a conditional variable, used within a mutex section.
Initialize the conditional variable cond of type m_cond_t. If the initialization failed, the program aborts.
Clear the variable cond of type m_cond_t. If the variable is not initialized, the behavior is undefined.
Within a mutex exclusive section, signal that the event associated to the variable cond of type m_cond_t has occurred to at least a single thread. If the variable is not initialized, the behavior is undefined.
Within a mutex exclusive section, signal that the event associated to the variable cond of type m_cond_t has occurred to all waiting threads. If the variable is not initialized, the behavior is undefined.
Within a mutex exclusive section defined by mutex, wait indefinitely for the event associated to the variable cond of type m_cond_t to occur. IF multiple threads wait for the same event, which thread to awoken is not specified. If any variable is not initialized, the behavior is undefined.
A type representing an id of a thread.
Create a new thread and set the it of the thread to 'thread'. The new thread run the code function(argument) with argument a 'void *' and function taking a 'void *' and returning nothing. If the initialization fails, the program aborts.
Wait indefinitely for the thread 'thread' to exit.
This header is for providing a pool of workers. Each worker run in a separate thread and can handle work orders sent by the main threads. A work order is a computation task. Work orders are organized around synchronization points. Workers can be disabled globally to ease debugging.
This implements parallelism just like OpenMP or CILK++.
Example:
worker_t worker;
worker_init(worker, 0, 0, NULL);
worker_sync_t sync;
worker_start(sync, worker);
void *data = ...;
worker_spawn (sync, taskFunc, data);
taskFunc(otherData);
worker_sync(sync);
Currently, there is no support for:
- throw exceptions by the worker tasks,
- unbalanced design: the worker tasks shall not lock a mutex without closing it (same for other synchronization structures).
Thread Local Storage variables have to be reinitialized properly with the reset function. This may result in subtle difference between the serial code and the parallel code.
This macro indicates if the multi-thread code shall be used (=1) or not (=0). It can be overloaded by the user code before including any headers of M*LIB. If it is not defined, the default is to use the multi-thread code.
The following methods are available:
A pool of worker.
A synchronization point between workers.
void worker_init(worker_t worker[, unsigned int numWorker, unsigned int extraQueue, void (*resetFunc)(void), void (*clearFunc)(void) ])
Initialize the pool of workers 'worker' with 'numWorker' workers. if 'numWorker' is 0, then it will detect how many core is available on the system and creates as much workers as there are cores.
Before starting any work, the function 'resetFunc' is called by the worker to reset its state (or call nothing if the function pointer is NULL).
'extraQueue' is the number of tasks that can be accepted by the work order queue in case if there is no worker available.
Before terminating, each worker will call 'clearFunc' if the function is not NULL.
Default values are respectively 0, 0, NULL and NULL.
Request termination to the pool of workers, and wait for them to terminate. It is undefined if there is any work order in progress.
Start a new synchronization block for a pool of work orders linked to the pool of worker 'worker'.
Register the work order 'func(data)' to the the synchronization point 'syncBlock'. If no worker is available (and no extraQueue), the work order 'func(data)' will be handled by the caller. Otherwise the work order 'func(data)' will be handled by an asynchronous worker and the function immediately returns.
Test if all work orders registered to this synchronization point are terminated (true) or not (false).
Wait for all work orders registered to this synchronization point 'syncBlock' to be terminated.
Return the number of workers of the pool.
Request the work order 'core' to the synchronization point syncBlock. If no worker is available (and no extra queue), the work order 'core' will be handled by the caller. Otherwise the work order 'core' will be handled by an asynchronous worker.
'core' is any C code that doesn't break the control flow (you cannot use return / goto / break to go outside the flow). 'input' is the list of local input variables of the 'core' block within "( )". 'output' is the list of local output variables of the 'core' block within "( )". These lists shall be exhaustive to capture all needed variables.
This macro needs either GCC (for nested function) or CLANG (for blocks) or a C++11 compiler (for lambda and functional) to work.
NOTE1: Even if nested functions are used for GCC, it doesn't generate a trampoline and the stack doesn't need to be executable as all variables are captured by the library.
NOTE2: For CLANG, you need to add -fblocks to CFLAGS and -lBlocksRuntime to LIB (See CLANG manual).
NOTE3: It will generate warnings about shadowed variables. There is no way to avoid this.
NOTE4: arrays and not trivially movable object are not supported as input / output variables due to current technical limitations.
This header goal is to provide the C header 'stdatomic.h' to any C compiler (C11 or C99 compliant) or C++ compiler. If available, it uses the C11 header stdatomic.h, otherwise if the compiler is a C++ compiler, it uses the header 'atomic' and imports all definition into the global namespace (this is needed because the C++ standard doesn't support officially the stdatomic header, resulting in broken compilation when building C code with a C++ compiler). Otherwise it provides a non-thin emulation of atomic using mutex.
This header is for generating generic algorithm to containers.
Define the available algorithms for the container which oplist is container_oplist. The defined algorithms depend on the availability of the methods of the containers (For example, if there no CMP operator, there is no MIN method defined).
Example:
ARRAY_DEF(array_int, int)
ALGO_DEF(array_int, ARRAY_OPLIST(array_int))
void f(void) {
array_int_t l;
array_int_init(l);
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
array_int_push_back (l, i);
array_int_push_back (l, 17);
assert( array_int_contains(l, 62) == true);
assert( array_int_contains(l, -1) == false);
assert( array_int_count(l, 17) == 2);
array_int_clear(l);
}
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
In the following descriptions, it_t is an iterator of the container container_t is the type of the container and type_t is the type of object contained in the container.
Search for the first occurrence of 'data' within the container. Update the iterator with the found position or return the end iterator. The search is linear.
Search from the position 'it' for the next occurrence of 'data' within the container. Update the iterator with the found position or return end iterator. The search is linear.
Search for the first occurrence within the container than matches the predicate 'pred' Update the iterator with the found position or return end iterator. The search is linear.
Search from the position 'it' for the next occurrence matching the predicate 'pred' within the container. Update the iterator with the found position or return end iterator. The search is linear.
Search for the last occurrence of 'data' within the container. Update the iterator with the found position or return end iterator. The search is linear and can be backward or forwards depending on the possibility of the container.
Return true if 'data' is within the container, false otherwise. The search is linear.
Return the number of occurrence of 'data' within the container. The search is linear.
Return the number of occurrence matching the predicate 'pred' within the container. The search is linear.
Returns the first mismatching pair of elements of the two containers 'c1' and 'c2'.
Returns the next mismatching pair of elements of the two containers from the position 'it1' of container 'c1' and from the position 'it2' of container 'c2'.
void name_mismatch_if(it_t it1, it_t it2, const container_t c1, const container_t c2, bool (*cmp)(type_t const, type_t const))
Returns the first mismatching pair of elements of the two containers using the provided comparison 'cmp'.
Returns the next mismatching pair of elements of the two containers using the provided comparison 'cmp' from the position 'it1' and from the position 'it2'.
Set all elements of the container 'c' to 'value'.
Set the container to 'n' elements equal to 'value'. This method is defined only if the container exports a PUSH method.
Set all elements of the container 'c' to 'value + i * inc' with i = 0.. size(c) This method is defined only if the base type exports an ADD method. This method is defined only if the container exports a PUSH method.
Set the container to 'n' elements to 'value + i * inc' with i = 0..n This method is defined only if the base type exports an ADD method. This method is defined only if the container exports a PUSH method.
Apply the function 'func' to each element of the container 'c'. The function may transform the element provided it doesn't reallocate the object and if the container supports iterating over modifiable elements.
Apply the function 'func' to each element of the container 'c' and push the result into the container 'd' so that 'd = func(c)'
'func' shall output in the initialized object 'out' the transformed value of the constant object 'in'. Afterwards 'out' is pushed moved into 'd'.
This method is defined only if the base type exports an INIT method. This method is defined only if the container exports a PUSH_MOVE method. 'c' and 'd' cannot be the same containers.
Perform a reduction using the function 'func' to the elements of the container 'c'. The final result is stored in '*dest'. If there is no element, '*dest' is let unmodified.
void name_map_reduce(type_t *dest, const container_t c, void (*redFunc)(type_t *, type_t const), void *(mapFunc)(type_t *, type_t const))
Perform a reduction using the function 'redFunc' to the transformed elements of the container 'c' using 'mapFunc'. The final result is stored in '*dest'. If there is no element, '*dest' is let unmodified.
Test if any element of the container 'c' matches the predicate 'func'.
Test if all elements of the container 'c' match the predicate 'func'.
Test if no element of the container 'c' match the predicate 'func'.
Return a reference to the minimum element of the container 'c'. Return NULL if there is no element. This method is available if the CMP operator has been defined.
Return a reference to the maximum element of the container 'c'. Return NULL if there is no element. This method is available if the CMP operator has been defined.
Stores in '*min' a reference to the minimum element of the container 'c'. Stores in '*max' a reference to the minimum element of the container 'c'. Stores NULL if there is no element. This method is available if the CMP operator has been defined.
Assuming the container 'c' has been sorted, remove any duplicate elements of the container. This method is available if the CMP and IT_REMOVE operators have been defined.
Remove all elements equal to 'val' of the container. This method is available if the CMP and IT_REMOVE operators have been defined.
Remove all elements matching the given condition (function func() returns true) of the container. This method is available if the CMP and IT_REMOVE operators have been defined.
For each element of the container 'dest', add the corresponding element of the container 'dest' up to the minimum size of the containers. This method is available if the ADD operator has been defined.
For each element of the container 'dest', sub the corresponding element of the container 'dest' up to the minimum size of the containers. This method is available if the SUB operator has been defined.
For each element of the container 'dest', mul the corresponding element of the container 'dest' up to the minimum size of the containers. This method is available if the MUL operator has been defined.
For each element of the container 'dest', div the corresponding element of the container 'dest' up to the minimum size of the containers. This method is available if the DIV operator has been defined.
Test if the container 'c' is sorted (=true) or not (=false). This method is available if the CMP operator has been defined.
Test if the container 'c' is reverse sorted (=true) or not (=false) This method is available if the CMP operator has been defined.
Sort the container 'c'. This method is available if the CMP operator has been defined. The used algorithm depends on the available operators: if a specialized SORT operator is defined for the container, it is used. if SPLICE_BACK and SPLICE_AT operates are defined, a merge sort is defined, if IT_PREVIOUS is defined, an insertion sort is used, otherwise a selection sort is used.
Reverse sort the container 'c'. This method is available if the CMP operator has been defined. The used algorithm depends on the available operators: if a specialized SORT operator is defined, it is used. if SPLICE_BACK and SPLICE_AT operates are defined, a merge sort is defined, if IT_PREVIOUS is defined, an insertion sort is used, otherwise a selection sort is used.
Assuming both containers 'c1' and 'c2' are sorted, perform an union of the containers in 'c1'. This method is available if the IT_INSERT operator is defined.
Assuming both containers 'c1' and 'c2' are reverse sorted, perform an union of the containers in 'c2'. This method is available if the IT_INSERT operator is defined.
Assuming both containers 'c1' and 'c2' are sorted, perform an intersection of the containers in 'c1'. This method is available if the IT_REMOVE operator is defined.
Assuming both containers 'c1' and 'c2' are reverse sorted, perform an intersection of the containers in 'c1'. This method is available if the IT_REMOVE operator is defined.
Split the string 'str' around the character separator 'sp' into a set of string in the container 'c'. This method is defined if the base type of the container is a string_t type,
Join the string 'str' and all the strings of the container 'c' into 'dst'. This method is defined if the base type of the container is a string_t type,
Apply the function 'func' to each element of the container 'container' of oplist 'oplist' :
for each item in container do
func([arguments,] item)
The function 'func' is a method that takes as argument an object of the container and returns nothing. It may update the object provided it doesn't reallocate it.
Apply the function 'func' to each element of the container 'contSrc' of oplist 'contSrcOplist' and store its outptut in the container 'contDst' of oplist 'contDstOplist' so that 'contDst = func(contSrc)'. Exact algorithm is:
clean(contDst)
for each item in do
init(tmp)
func(tmp, item, [, arguments])
push_move(contDst, tmp)
The function 'func' is a method that takes as first argument the object to put in the new container, and as second argument the object in the source container.
Extract the items of the container 'containerSrc' of oplist 'oplistSrc' into the 'containerDest' of oplist 'oplistDest':
CLEAN (containerDest)
for each item in containerSrc do
[ if func([arguments,] item) ]
Push item in containerDest
The optional function 'func' is a predicate that takes as argument an object of the container and returns a boolean that is true if the object has to be added to the other container.
Both containers shall either provide PUSH method, or SET_KEY method.
Reduce the items of the container 'container' of oplist 'oplist' into a single element by applying the reduce function:
dest = reduceFunc(mapFunc(item[0]), reduceFunc(..., reduceFunc(mapFunc(item[N-2]), mapFunc(item[N-1]))))
'mapFunc' is a method which prototype is:
void mapFunc(dest, item)
with both 'dest' & 'item' that are of the same type than the one of the container. It transforms the 'item' into another form that is suitable for the 'reduceFunc'. If 'mapFunc' is not specified, identity will be used instead.
'reduceFunc' is a method which prototype is:
void reduceFunc(dest, item)
It integrates the new 'item' into the partial 'sum' 'dest.
The reduce function can be the special keywords 'add', 'sum', 'and', 'or' 'product', 'mul' in which case the special function performing a sum/sum/and/or/mul/mul operation will be used.
'dest' can be either the variable (in which case 'dest' is assumed to be of type equivalent to the elements of the container) or a tuple ('var', 'oplist') with 'var' being the variable name and 'oplist' its oplist (with TYPE, INIT, SET methods). The tuple may be needed if the map function transform a type into another.
Insert into the container 'contDst' at position 'position' all the values of container 'contSrc'.
This header is for generating Function Object. A function object is a construct an object to be invoked or called as if it were an ordinary function, usually with the same syntax (a function parameter that can also be a function) but with additional "within" parameters.
Define a function object interface of name 'name' emulating a function pointer returning retcode type (can be void), and with as inputs the list of types of paramN:
retcode_type function(type_of_param1, type_of_param 2, ...)
An interface cannot be used without an instance that implements this interface. It will define the following type and functions:
Same as FUNC_OBJ_ITF_DEF except the name of the type name_t is provided.
Name of the interface type representing an interface to the function object. It cannot be used to instance an object and shall only be used to create instances of this interface.
The call function of the interface object. It will call the implemented callback of the instance of this interface.
FUNC_OBJ_INS_DEF(name, interface_name, (param_name_1, ...), { callback_core }, (self_member1, self_type1[, self_oplist1]), ...)
Define a function object instance of name 'name' implementing the interface 'interface_name' The function is defined as per :
-
the function prototype of the inherited interface,
-
the parameters of the function are named as per the list param_name_list,
-
the core of the function shall be defined in callback_core within the callback_core, members of the function object can be accessed through the pointer named 'self' to access the member attributes of the object, and the parameter names of the function as per the param_name_list.
-
optional member attributes of the function object can be defined after the core (just like for tuple & variant): Each parameter is defined as pair: (name, type [, oplist])
interface_name_retcode_type function(interface_name_ *self, interface_name_type_of_param1 param_name_1, interface_name_type_of_param 2 param_name_2, ...) { callback_core }
FUNC_OBJ_INS_DEF_AS(name, name_t, interface_name, (param_name_1, ...), { callback_core }, (self_member1, self_type1[, self_oplist1]), ...)
Same as FUNC_OBJ_INS_DEF except the name of the type name_t is provided.
Name of a particular instance to the interface of the Function Object interface_name.
Initialize the instance of the function with default value. This method is defined only if all member attributes export an INIT method.
Initialize the instance of the function with the given values of the member attributes.
Clear the instance of the function.
Return the instance object view as the generic interface.
This header is for generating specialized and optimized memory pools: it will generate specialized functions to allocate and free only one kind of an object. The mempool functions are not specially thread safe for a given mempool, but the mempool variable can have the attribute M_THREAD_ATTR so that each thread has its own instance of the mempool.
The memory pool has to be initialized and cleared like any other variable. Clearing the memory pool will free all the memory that has been allocated within this memory pool.
Generate specialized functions & types prefixed by 'name' to alloc & free an object of type 'type'.
Example:
MEMPOOL_DEF(mempool_uint, unsigned int)
mempool_uint_t m;
void f(void) {
mempool_uint_init(m);
unsigned int *p = mempool_uint_alloc(m);
*p = 17;
mempool_uint_free(m, p);
mempool_uint_clear(m);
}
The following methods are automatically and properly created by the previous macros. In the following methods, name stands for the name given to the macro that is used to identify the type.
The type of a mempool.
Initialize the mempool 'm'.
Clear the mempool 'm'. All allocated objects associated to the this mempool that weren't explicitly freed will be deleted too (without calling their clear method).
Create a new object of type 'type' and return a new pointer to the uninitialized object.
Free the object 'p' created by the call to name_alloc. The clear method of the type is not called.
This header is for defining an instance of the serial interface supporting import (and export) of a container from (to) to a file in JSON format. It uses the generic serialization ability of M*LIB for this purpose, providing a specialization of the serialization for JSON over FILE*.
Another way of seeing it is that you define your data structure using M*LIB containers (building it using basic types, strings, tuples, variants, array, dictionaries, ...) and then you can import / export your data structure for free in JSON format.
If the JSON file cannot be translated into the data structure, a failure error is reported (M_SERIAL_FAIL). For example, if some new fields are present in the JSON file but not in the data structure. On contrary, if some fields are missing (or in a different order) in the JSON file, the parsing will still succeed (object fields are unmodified except for new sub-objects, for which default value are used).
It is fully working with C11 compilers only.
A synonym of m_serial_write_t with a global oplist registered for use with JSON.
Initialize the 'serial' object to be able to output in JSON format to the file 'f'. The file 'f' has to remained open in 'wt' mode while the 'serial' is not cleared otherwise the behavior of the object is undefined.
Clear the serialization object 'serial'.
A synonym of m_serial_read_t with a global oplist registered for use with JSON.
Initialize the 'serial' object to be able to parse in JSON format from the file 'f'. The file 'f' has to remained open in 'rt' mode while the 'serial' is not cleared otherwise the behavior of the object is undefined.
Clear the serialization object 'serial'.
Example:
// Define a structure of two fields.
TUPLE_DEF2(my,
(value, int),
(name, string_t)
)
#define M_OPL_my_t() TUPLE_OPLIST(my, M_DEFAULT_OPLIST, STRING_OPLIST )
// Output in JSON file the structure my_t
void output(my_t el1)
{
m_serial_write_t out;
m_serial_return_code_t ret;
FILE *f = fopen ("data.json", "wt");
if (!f) abort();
m_serial_json_write_init(out, f);
ret = my2_out_serial(out, el1);
assert (ret == M_SERIAL_OK_DONE);
m_serial_json_write_clear(out);
fclose(f);
}
// Get from JSON file the structure my_t
void input(my_t el1)
{
m_serial_read_t in;
m_serial_return_code_t ret;
f = fopen ("data.json", "rt");
if (!f) abort();
m_serial_json_read_init(in, f);
ret = my2_in_serial(el2, in);
assert (ret == M_SERIAL_OK_DONE);
m_serial_json_read_clear(in);
fclose(f);
}
This header is for defining an instance of the serial interface supporting import (and export) of a container from (to) to a file in an ad-hoc binary format. This format only supports the current system and cannot be used to communicate across multiple systems (endianess, size of types are typically not abstracted by this format).
It uses the generic serialization ability of M*LIB for this purpose, providing a specialization of the serialization for JSON over FILE*.
It is fully working with C11 compilers only.
Initialize the 'serial' object to be able to output in BIN format to the file 'f'. The file 'f' has to remained open in 'wb' mode while the 'serial' is not cleared otherwise the behavior of the object is undefined.
Clear the serialization object 'serial'.
Initialize the 'serial' object to be able to parse in BIN format from the file 'f'. The file 'f' has to remained open in 'rb' mode while the 'serial' is not cleared otherwise the behavior of the object is undefined.
Clear the serialization object 'serial'.
All files of M*LIB are distributed under the following licence.
Copyright (c) 2017-2020, Patrick Pelissier All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.