You can quickly get started with developing a Go application by cloning this, putting in desired .go files, and building & running per below.
There is a sample Go program showing how to encode and decode JSON. Go by Example is a good place to get started in learning Go.
docker build -t my-golang-app .
docker run -it --rm --name my-running-app my-golang-app
docker run --rm -v "$PWD":/usr/src/myapp -w /usr/src/myapp golang:1.8 go build -v
If you'd like to compile but not run the app, run the following.
docker run --rm -v "$PWD":/usr/src/myapp -w /usr/src/myapp golang:1.8 go build -v