Question 1

Question:

Write a program to Add Two Numbers.

Solution:

a = 1
b = 2
c= a+b
print(c)

a = int(input("enter a number: "))
b = int(input("enter a number: "))
c= a+b
print(c)

Question 2

Question:

Write a program to find whether a given number (accept from the user) is even or odd, print out an appropriate message to the user.

Solution:

a = int(input("enter a number: "))
if a % 2 == 0:
    print("This is an even number.")
else:
    print("This is an odd number.")

Question 3

Question:

Write a program to check whether a number entered by the user is positive, negative or zero.

Solution:

a = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if a > 0:
   print("Positive number")
elif a == 0:
   print("Zero")
else:
   print("Negative number")

Question 4

Question:

Write a program to display the calendar of a given date.

Solution:

import calendar
yy = int(input("Enter year: "))
mm = int(input("Enter month: "))
print(calendar.month(yy, mm))

Question 5

Question:

Write a program to ask the user to enter the string and print that string as output of the program.

Solution:

string = input("Enter string: ")
print("You entered:",string)

Question 6

Question:

Write a program to Concatenate Two Strings.

Solution:

string1 = input("Enter first string to concatenate: ")
string2 = input("Enter second string to concatenate: ")
string3 = string1 + string2
print("String after concatenation = ",string3)

Question 7

Question:

Write a program to Check if an item exists in the list.

Solution:

list_of_items = ["ball", "book", "pencil"]
item = input("Type item to check: ")
if item in list_of_items:
 print("Item exists in the list.")
else:
  print("Item does not exist in the list.")

Question 8

Question:

Write a program to Join two or more lists.

Solution:

list1 = ["This" , "is", "a", "sample", "program"]
list2 = [10, 2, 45, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10]
finalList = list1 + list2
print(finalList)

Question 9

Question:

Write a program to Calculate Cube of a Number.

Solution:

import math 
a = int(input("Enter a number: "))
b=math.pow(a,3)
print (b)

Question 10

Question:

Write a program to Calculate Square root of a Number.

Solution:

import math 
a = int(input("Enter a number: "))
b=math.sqrt(a)
print (b)

Question 11

Question:

Write a program that takes a list of numbers (for example, a = [5, 10, 15, 20, 25]) and makes a new list of only the first and last elements of the given list.

Solution:

a = [5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
print([a[0], a[4]])

Question 12

Question:

Take a list, say for example this one: a = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89] and write a program that prints out all the elements of the list that are less than 5.

Solution:

a = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]
for i in a:
    if i < 5:
        print(i)

Question 13

Question:

Let's say I give you a list saved in a variable: a = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]. Write one line of Python that takes this list 'a' and makes a new list that has only the even elements of this list in it.

Solution:

a = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
b = [number for number in a if number % 2 == 0]
print(b)

Question 14

Question:

Ask the user for a string and print out whether this string is a palindrome or not (A palindrome is a string that reads the same forwards and backwards).

Solution:

a=input("Please enter a word: ")
c = a.casefold()
b = reversed(c)
if list(c) == list(b):
   print("It is palindrome")
else:
   print("It is not palindrome")

Question 15

Question:

Take two lists, say for example these two: a = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89] b = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13] and write a program that returns a list that contains only the elements that are common between the lists (without duplicates). Make sure your program works on two lists of different sizes.

Solution:

a = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]
b = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
result = [i for i in set(a) if i in b]
print(result)

Question 16

Question:

Write a program to add a string to text file.

Solution:

file = open("testfile.txt","w") 
file.write("Hello World") 
file.write("This is our new text file") 
file.write("and this is another line.") 
file.write("Why? Because we can.") 
file.close()

Question 17

Question:

Write a program to read a file and display its contents on console.

Solution:

with open('testfile.txt') as f:
  	line = f.readline()
  	while line:
  		print(line)
  		line = f.readline()

Question 18

Question:

Take two sets, say for example these two: a = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89} b = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} and write a program that returns a set that contains only the elements that are common between the sets.

Solution:

a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89}
b = {1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}
c = set(a) & set(b)  
print(c)

Question 19

Question:

Write a program to split the characters of the given string into a list.

Solution:

s = "mystring"
l = list(s)
print (l)

Question 20

Question:

Create a program that asks the user for a number and then prints out a list of all the divisors of that number.

Solution:

n=int(input("Enter an integer: "))
print("The divisors of the number are: ")
for i in range(1,n+1):
    if(n%i==0):
        print(i)

Question 21

Question:

Write a program to Find the largest of three numbers.

Solution:

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
c = int(input("Enter third number: "))
if (a > b) and (a > c):
   largest = a
elif (b > a) and (b > c):
   largest = b
else:
   largest = c
print("The largest number is", largest)

Question 22

Question:

Write a Program to Find Absolute value of a Number.

Solution:

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num >= 0:
		print(num)
else:
		print(-num)

Question 23

Question:

Write a program to Find the length of a String.

Solution:

print("Enter 'y' for exit.")
string = input("Enter a string: ")
if string == 'y':
    exit()
else:
    print("Length of the string =", len(string))

Question 24

Question:

Write a program to Print Natural Numbers from 1 to N.

Solution:

N = int(input("Please Enter any Number: "))
for i in range(1, N+1):
    print (i)

Question 25

Question:

Write a program to calculate the sum and average of Natural Numbers from 1 to N.

Solution:

N = int(input("Please Enter any Number: "))
sum = 0
for i in range(1,N+1):
  sum = sum + i
print(sum)
average = sum / N
print(average)

Question 26

Question:

Write a program to Print a Statement Any Number of Times.

Solution:

n = int(input("Please Enter any Number: "))
for i in range(n):
    print("hello world")

Question 27

Question:

Write a program To Multiply Two Numbers Using Function.

Solution:

def my_function():
    a = int(input("enter a number: "))
    b=int(input("enter a number: "))
    c= a*b
    return c
d = my_function()
print (d)

Question 28

Question:

Write a program To add an item to the end of the list.

Solution:

list1 = ["pen", "book", "ball"]
list1.append("bat")
print(list1)

Question 29

Question:

Write a program To remove an item from the list.

Solution:

list1 = ["pen", "book", "ball"]
list1.remove("ball")
print(list1)

Question 30

Question:

Write a program To print the number of elements in an array.

Solution:

list1 = ["pen", "book", "ball"]
a = len(list1)
print(a)

Question 31

Question:

Write a program To calculate the variance and standard deviation of the elements of the list.

Solution:

import numpy as np
a= [2,6,8,12,18,24,28,32]
variance= np.var(a)
std = np.std(a)
print(variance)
print(std)

Question 32

Question:

Write a program to get the difference between the two lists.

Solution:

list1 = [4, 5, 6, 7]
list2 = [4, 5]
print(list(set(list1) - set(list2)))

Question 33

Question:

Write a program to select an item randomly from a list.

Solution:

import random
list = ['Paper', 'Pencil', 'Book', 'Bag', 'Pen']
print(random.choice(list))

Question 34

Question:

Write a program that prints all the numbers from 0 to 6 except 2 and 6.

Solution:

for x in range(6):
    if (x == 2 or x==6):
        continue
    print(x)

Question 35

Question:

Write a program that takes input from the user and displays that input back in upper and lower cases.

Solution:

a = input("What's your name? ")
print(a.upper())
print(a.lower())

Question 36

Question:

Write a program to check whether a string starts with specified characters.

Solution:

string = "myw3schools.com"
print(string.startswith("w3s"))

Question 37

Question:

Write a program to create the multiplication table (from 1 to 10) of a number.

Solution:

n = int(input("Enter a number: "))
for i in range(1,11):
   print(n,'x',i,'=',n*i)

Question 38

Question:

Write a program to check a triangle is equilateral, isosceles or scalene.

Solution:

print("Enter lengths of the triangle sides: ")
a = int(input("a: "))
b = int(input("b: "))
c = int(input("c: "))
if a == b == c:
	print("Equilateral triangle")
elif a==b or b==c or c==a:
	print("isosceles triangle")
else:
	print("Scalene triangle")

Question 39

Question:

Write a program to sum of two given integers. However, if the sum is between 15 to 20 it will return 20.

Solution:

a = int(input("enter a number: "))
b = int(input("enter a number: "))
c= a+b
if c in range(15, 20):
        print (20)
else:
        print(c)

Question 40

Question:

Write a program to convert degree to radian.

Solution:

pi=22/7
degree = int(input("Input degrees: "))
radian = degree*(pi/180)
print(radian)

Question 41

Question:

Write a program to Generate a Random Number.

Solution:

import random
print(random.randint(0,9))

Question 42

Question:

Write a Program to find the semi-perimeter of triangle.

Solution:

a = int(input('Enter first side: '))
b = int(input('Enter second side: '))
c = int(input('Enter third side: '))
s = (a + b + c) / 2
print(s)

Question 43

Question:

Given a list of numbers, Iterate it and print only those numbers which are divisible of 2.

Solution:

List = [10, 20, 33, 46, 55]
for i in List:
    if (i % 2 == 0):
      print(i)

Question 44

Question:

Write a program to Multiply all numbers in the list.

Solution:

import numpy  
list = [1, 2, 3]  
result = numpy.prod(list) 
print(result)

Question 45

Question:

Write a program to print ASCII Value of a character.

Solution:

a = 'j'
print("The ASCII value of '" + a + "' is", ord(a))

Question 46

Question:

Write a program to list files in a directory.

Solution:

# Import os module to read directory
import os

# Set the directory path
path = 'C:/Users/Manju/.spyder-py3/'

# Read the content of the file
files = os.listdir(path)

# Print the content of the directory
for file in files:
    print(file)

Question 47

Question:

Write a program to Read and Write File.

Solution:

#Assign the filename
filename = "languages.txt"
# Open file for writing
fileHandler = open(filename, "w")

# Add some text
fileHandler.write("Bash\n")
fileHandler.write("Python\n")
fileHandler.write("PHP\n")

# Close the file
fileHandler.close()

# Open file for reading
fileHandler = open(filename, "r")

# Read a file line by line
for line in fileHandler:
  print(line)
 
# Close the file
fileHandler.close()

Question 48

Question:

Write a program to add and search data in the dictionary.

Solution:

# Define a dictionary
customers = {'1':'Mehzabin Afroze','2':'Md. Ali',
'3':'Mosarof Ahmed','4':'Mila Hasan', '5':'Yaqub Ali'}

# Append a new data
customers['6'] = 'Mehboba Ferdous'

print("The customer names are:")
# Print the values of the dictionary
for customer in customers:
    print(customers[customer])

# Take customer ID as input to search
name = input("Enter customer ID:")

# Search the ID in the dictionary
for customer in customers:
    if customer == name:
        print(customers[customer])
        break

Question 49

Question:

Write a program to add and search data in the set.

Solution:

# Define the number set
numbers = {23, 90, 56, 78, 12, 34, 67}
 
# Add a new data
numbers.add(50)
# Print the set values
print(numbers)

message = "Number is not found"

# Take a number value for search
search_number = int(input("Enter a number:"))
# Search the number in the set
for val in numbers:
    if val == search_number:
        message = "Number is found"
        break

print(message)

Question 50

Question:

Write a program to demonstrate throw and catch exception.

Solution:

# Try block
try:
    # Take a number
    number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    if number % 2 == 0:
        print("Number is even")
    else:
        print("Number is odd")

# Exception block    
except (ValueError):
  # Print error message
  print("Enter a numeric value")

Question 51

Question:

Write a program to illustrate password authentication.

Solution:

# import getpass module
import getpass

# Take password from the user
passwd = getpass.getpass('Password:')

# Check the password
if passwd == "python":
    print("You are authenticated")
else:
    print("You are not authenticated")

Question 52

Question:

Write a program to calculate the average of numbers in a given list.

Solution:

n=int(input("Enter the number of elements to be inserted: "))
a=[]
for i in range(0,n):
    elem=int(input("Enter element: "))
    a.append(elem)
avg=sum(a)/n
print("Average of elements in the list",round(avg,2))

Question 53

Question:

Write a program to exchange the values of two numbers without using a temporary variable.

Solution:

a=int(input("Enter value of first variable: "))
b=int(input("Enter value of second variable: "))
a=a+b
b=a-b
a=a-b
print("a is:",a," b is:",b)

Question 54

Question:

Write a program to reverse a given number.

Solution:

n=int(input("Enter number: "))
rev=0
while(n>0):
    dig=n%10
    rev=rev*10+dig
    n=n//10
print("Reverse of the number:",rev)

Question 55

Question:

Write a program to take in the marks of 5 subjects and display the grade.

Solution:

sub1=int(input("Enter marks of the first subject: "))
sub2=int(input("Enter marks of the second subject: "))
sub3=int(input("Enter marks of the third subject: "))
sub4=int(input("Enter marks of the fourth subject: "))
sub5=int(input("Enter marks of the fifth subject: "))
avg=(sub1+sub2+sub3+sub4+sub4)/5
if(avg>=90):
    print("Grade: A")
elif(avg>=80&avg<90):
    print("Grade: B")
elif(avg>=70&avg<80):
    print("Grade: C")
elif(avg>=60&avg<70):
    print("Grade: D")
else:
    print("Grade: F")

Question 56

Question:

Write a program to print all numbers in a range divisible by a given number.

Solution:

 
lower=int(input("Enter lower range limit:"))
upper=int(input("Enter upper range limit:"))
n=int(input("Enter the number to be divided by:"))
for i in range(lower,upper+1):
    if(i%n==0):
        print(i)

Question 57

Question:

Write a program to read two numbers and print their quotient and remainder.

Solution:

 
a=int(input("Enter the first number: "))
b=int(input("Enter the second number: "))
quotient=a//b
remainder=a%b
print("Quotient is:",quotient)
print("Remainder is:",remainder)

Question 58

Question:

Write a program to accept three distinct digits and print all possible combinations from the digits.

Solution:

 
a=int(input("Enter first number:"))
b=int(input("Enter second number:"))
c=int(input("Enter third number:"))
d=[]
d.append(a)
d.append(b)
d.append(c)
for i in range(0,3):
    for j in range(0,3):
        for k in range(0,3):
            if(i!=j&j!=k&k!=i):
                print(d[i],d[j],d[k])

Question 59

Question:

Write a program to print odd numbers within a given range.

Solution:

 
lower=int(input("Enter the lower limit for the range:"))
upper=int(input("Enter the upper limit for the range:"))
for i in range(lower,upper+1):
    if(i%2!=0):
        print(i)

Question 60

Question:

Write a program to find the smallest divisor of an integer.

Solution:

 
n=int(input("Enter an integer:"))
a=[]
for i in range(2,n+1):
    if(n%i==0):
        a.append(i)
a.sort()
print("Smallest divisor is:",a[0])

Question 61

Question:

Write a program to count the number of digits in a number.

Solution:

 
n=int(input("Enter number:"))
count=0
while(n>0):
    count=count+1
    n=n//10
print("The number of digits in the number are:",count)

Question 62

Question:

Write a program to read a number n and print and compute the series "1+2+…+n=".

Solution:

 
n=int(input("Enter a number: "))
a=[]
for i in range(1,n+1):
    print(i,sep=" ",end=" ")
    if(i<n):
        print("+",sep=" ",end=" ")
    a.append(i)
print("=",sum(a))
 
print()

Question 63

Question:

Write a program to read a number n and print the natural numbers summation pattern.

Solution:

n=int(input("Enter a number: "))
for j in range(1,n+1):
    a=[]
    for i in range(1,j+1):
        print(i,sep=" ",end=" ")
        if(i<j):
            print("+",sep=" ",end=" ")
        a.append(i)
    print("=",sum(a))
 
print()

Question 64

Question:

Write a program to read a number n and print an identity matrix of the desired size.

Solution:

n=int(input("Enter a number: "))
for i in range(0,n):
    for j in range(0,n):
        if(i==j):
            print("1",sep=" ",end=" ")
        else:
            print("0",sep=" ",end=" ")
    print()

Question 65

Question:

Write a program to read a number n and print an inverted star pattern of the desired size.

Solution:

n=int(input("Enter number of rows: "))
for i in range (n,0,-1):
    print((n-i) * ' ' + i * '*')

Question 66

Question:

Write a program to print prime numbers in a range using Sieve of Eratosthenes.

Solution:

n=int(input("Enter upper limit of range: "))
sieve=set(range(2,n+1))
while sieve:
    prime=min(sieve)
    print(prime,end="\t")
    sieve-=set(range(prime,n+1,prime))
 
print()

Question 67

Question:

Write a program to find the largest number in a list.

Solution:

a=[]
n=int(input("Enter number of elements:"))
for i in range(1,n+1):
    b=int(input("Enter element:"))
    a.append(b)
a.sort()
print("Largest element is:",a[n-1])

Question 68

Question:

Write a program to find the second largest number in a list.

Solution:

a=[]
n=int(input("Enter number of elements:"))
for i in range(1,n+1):
    b=int(input("Enter element:"))
    a.append(b)
a.sort()
print("Second largest element is:",a[n-2])

Question 69

Question:

Write a program to put the even and odd elements in a list into two different lists.

Solution:

a=[]
n=int(input("Enter number of elements:"))
for i in range(1,n+1):
    b=int(input("Enter element:"))
    a.append(b)
even=[]
odd=[]
for j in a:
    if(j%2==0):
        even.append(j)
    else:
        odd.append(j)
print("The even list",even)
print("The odd list",odd)

Question 70

Question:

Write a program to sort the list according to the second element in the sublist.

Solution:

a=[['A',34],['B',21],['C',26]]
for i in range(0,len(a)):
    for j in range(0,len(a)-i-1):
        if(a[j][1]>a[j+1][1]):
            temp=a[j]
            a[j]=a[j+1]
            a[j+1]=temp
 
print(a)

Question 71

Question:

Write a program to find the second largest number in a list using bubble sort.

Solution:

 
a=[]
n=int(input("Enter number of elements:"))
for i in range(1,n+1):
    b=int(input("Enter element:"))
    a.append(b)
for i in range(0,len(a)):
    for j in range(0,len(a)-i-1):
        if(a[j]>a[j+1]):
            temp=a[j]
            a[j]=a[j+1]
            a[j+1]=temp 
print('Second largest number is:',a[n-2])

Question 72

Question:

Write a program to sort a list according to the length of the elements.

Solution:

 
a=[]
n=int(input("Enter number of elements:"))
for i in range(1,n+1):
    b=input("Enter element:")
    a.append(b)
a.sort(key=len)
print(a)

Question 73

Question:

Write a program to create a list of tuples with the first element as the number and the second element as the square of the number.

Solution:

 
l_range=int(input("Enter the lower range:"))
u_range=int(input("Enter the upper range:"))
a=[(x,x**2) for x in range(l_range,u_range+1)]
print(a)

Question 74

Question:

Write a program to create a list of all numbers in a range which are perfect squares and the sum of the digits of the number is less than 10.

Solution:

 
l=int(input("Enter lower range: "))
u=int(input("Enter upper range: "))
a=[]
a=[x for x in range(l,u+1) if (int(x**0.5))**2==x and sum(list(map(int,str(x))))<10]
print(a)

Question 75

Question:

Write a program to find the cumulative sum of a list where the i^th element is the sum of the first i+1 elements from the original list.

Solution:

 
a=[]
n= int(input("Enter the number of elements in list:"))
for x in range(0,n):
    element=int(input("Enter element" + str(x+1) + ":"))
    a.append(element)
b=[sum(a[0:x+1]) for x in range(0,len(a))]
print("The original list is: ",a)
print("The new list is: ",b)

Question 76

Question:

Write a program to generate random numbers from 1 to 20 and append them to the list.

Solution:

 
import random
a=[]
n=int(input("Enter number of elements:"))
for j in range(n):
    a.append(random.randint(1,20))
print('Randomised list is: ',a)

Question 77

Question:

Write a program to sort a list of tuples in increasing order by the last element in each tuple.

Solution:

 
def last(n):
    return n[-1]  
 
def sort(tuples):
    return sorted(tuples, key=last)
 
a=input("Enter a list of tuples:")
print("Sorted:")
print(sort(a))

Question 78

Question:

Write a program to swap the first and last value of a list.

Solution:

a=[]
n= int(input("Enter the number of elements in list:"))
for x in range(0,n):
    element=int(input("Enter element" + str(x+1) + ":"))
    a.append(element)
temp=a[0]
a[0]=a[n-1]
a[n-1]=temp
print("New list is:")
print(a)

Question 79

Question:

Write a program to remove the duplicate items from a list.

Solution:

a=[]
n= int(input("Enter the number of elements in list:"))
for x in range(0,n):
    element=int(input("Enter element" + str(x+1) + ":"))
    a.append(element)
b = set()
unique = []
for x in a:
    if x not in b:
        unique.append(x)
        b.add(x)
print("Non-duplicate items:")
print(unique)

Question 80

Question:

Write a program to read a list of words and return the length of the longest one.

Solution:

a=[]
n= int(input("Enter the number of elements in list:"))
for x in range(0,n):
    element=input("Enter element" + str(x+1) + ":")
    a.append(element)
max1=len(a[0])
temp=a[0]
for i in a:
    if(len(i)>max1):
       max1=len(i)
       temp=i
print("The word with the longest length is:")
print(temp)

Question 81

Question:

Write a program to remove the i^th occurrence of the given word in list where words can repeat.

Solution:

a=[]
n= int(input("Enter the number of elements in list:"))
for x in range(0,n):
    element=input("Enter element" + str(x+1) + ":")
    a.append(element)
print(a)
c=[]
count=0
b=input("Enter word to remove: ")
n=int(input("Enter the occurrence to remove: "))
for i in a:
    if(i==b):
        count=count+1
        if(count!=n):
            c.append(i)
    else:
        c.append(i)
if(count==0):
    print("Item not found ")
else: 
    print("The number of repetitions is: ",count)
    print("Updated list is: ",c)
    print("The distinct elements are: ",set(a))

Question 82

Question:

Write a program to solve the maximum subarray problem using divide and conquer technique.

Solution:

def find_max_subarray(alist, start, end):
    """Returns (l, r, m) such that alist[l:r] is the maximum subarray in
    A[start:end] with sum m. Here A[start:end] means all A[x] for start <= x <
    end."""
    # base case
    if start == end - 1:
        return start, end, alist[start]
    else:
        mid = (start + end)//2
        left_start, left_end, left_max = find_max_subarray(alist, start, mid)
        right_start, right_end, right_max = find_max_subarray(alist, mid, end)
        cross_start, cross_end, cross_max = find_max_crossing_subarray(alist, start, mid, end)
        if (left_max > right_max and left_max > cross_max):
            return left_start, left_end, left_max
        elif (right_max > left_max and right_max > cross_max):
            return right_start, right_end, right_max
        else:
            return cross_start, cross_end, cross_max
 
def find_max_crossing_subarray(alist, start, mid, end):
    """Returns (l, r, m) such that alist[l:r] is the maximum subarray within
    alist with start <= l < mid <= r < end with sum m. The arguments start, mid,
    end must satisfy start <= mid <= end."""
    sum_left = float('-inf')
    sum_temp = 0
    cross_start = mid
    for i in range(mid - 1, start - 1, -1):
        sum_temp = sum_temp + alist[i]
        if sum_temp > sum_left:
            sum_left = sum_temp
            cross_start = i
 
    sum_right = float('-inf')
    sum_temp = 0
    cross_end = mid + 1
    for i in range(mid, end):
        sum_temp = sum_temp + alist[i]
        if sum_temp > sum_right:
            sum_right = sum_temp
            cross_end = i + 1
    return cross_start, cross_end, sum_left + sum_right
 
alist = input('Enter the list of numbers: ')
alist = alist.split()
alist = [int(x) for x in alist]
start, end, maximum = find_max_subarray(alist, 0, len(alist))
print('The maximum subarray starts at index {}, ends at index {}'
      ' and has sum {}.'.format(start, end - 1, maximum))

Question 83

Question:

Write a program to solve the maximum subarray problem using Kadane's algorithm.

Solution:

def find_max_subarray(alist, start, end):
    """Returns (l, r, m) such that alist[l:r] is the maximum subarray in
    A[start:end] with sum m. Here A[start:end] means all A[x] for start <= x <
    end."""
    max_ending_at_i = max_seen_so_far = alist[start]
    max_left_at_i = max_left_so_far = start
    # max_right_at_i is always i + 1
    max_right_so_far = start + 1
    for i in range(start + 1, end):
        if max_ending_at_i > 0:
            max_ending_at_i += alist[i]
        else:
            max_ending_at_i = alist[i]
            max_left_at_i = i
        if max_ending_at_i > max_seen_so_far:
            max_seen_so_far = max_ending_at_i
            max_left_so_far = max_left_at_i
            max_right_so_far = i + 1
    return max_left_so_far, max_right_so_far, max_seen_so_far
 
 
alist = input('Enter the list of numbers: ')
alist = alist.split()
alist = [int(x) for x in alist]
start, end, maximum = find_max_subarray(alist, 0, len(alist))
print('The maximum subarray starts at index {}, ends at index {}'
      ' and has sum {}.'.format(start, end - 1, maximum))

Question 84

Question:

Write a program to find the element that occurs odd number of times in a list.

Solution:

def find_odd_occurring(alist):
    """Return the element that occurs odd number of times in alist.
 
    alist is a list in which all elements except one element occurs an even
    number of times.
    """
    ans = 0
 
    for element in alist:
        ans ^= element
 
    return ans
 
 
alist = input('Enter the list: ').split()
alist = [int(i) for i in alist]
ans = find_odd_occurring(alist)
print('The element that occurs odd number of times:', ans)

Question 85

Question:

Write a program to check if a date is valid and print the incremented date if it is.

Solution:

date=input("Enter the date: ")
dd,mm,yy=date.split('/')
dd=int(dd)
mm=int(mm)
yy=int(yy)
if(mm==1 or mm==3 or mm==5 or mm==7 or mm==8 or mm==10 or mm==12):
    max1=31
elif(mm==4 or mm==6 or mm==9 or mm==11):
    max1=30
elif(yy%4==0 and yy%100!=0 or yy%400==0):
    max1=29
else:
    max1=28
if(mm<1 or mm>12):
    print("Date is invalid.")
elif(dd<1 or dd>max1):
    print("Date is invalid.")
elif(dd==max1 and mm!=12):
    dd=1
    mm=mm+1
    print("The incremented date is: ",dd,mm,yy)
elif(dd==31 and mm==12):
    dd=1
    mm=1
    yy=yy+1
    print("The incremented date is: ",dd,mm,yy)
else:
    dd=dd+1
    print("The incremented date is: ",dd,mm,yy)

Question 86

Question:

Write a program to compute simple interest given all the required values.

Solution:

principle=float(input("Enter the principle amount:"))
time=int(input("Enter the time(years):"))
rate=float(input("Enter the rate:"))
simple_interest=(principle*time*rate)/100
print("The simple interest is:",simple_interest)

Question 87

Question:

Write a program to check whether a given year is a leap year or not.

Solution:

year=int(input("Enter year to be checked:"))
if(year%4==0 and year%100!=0 or year%400==0):
    print("The year is a leap year!")
else:
    print("The year isn't a leap year!")

Question 88

Question:

Write a program to compute prime factors of an integer.

Solution:

n=int(input("Enter an integer:"))
print("Factors are:")
i=1
while(i<=n):
    k=0
    if(n%i==0):
        j=1
        while(j<=i):
            if(i%j==0):
                k=k+1
            j=j+1
        if(k==2):
            print(i)
    i=i+1

Question 89

Question:

Write a program to generate all the divisors of an integer.

Solution:

 
n=int(input("Enter an integer:"))
print("The divisors of the number are:")
for i in range(1,n+1):
    if(n%i==0):
        print(i)

Question 90

Question:

Write a program to print the table of a given number.

Solution:

 
n=int(input("Enter the number to print the tables for:"))
for i in range(1,11):
    print(n,"x",i,"=",n*i)

Question 91

Question:

Write a program to check if a number is an Armstrong number.

Solution:

 
n=int(input("Enter any number: "))
a=list(map(int,str(n)))
b=list(map(lambda x:x**3,a))
if(sum(b)==n):
    print("The number is an armstrong number. ")
else:
    print("The number isn't an arsmtrong number. ")

Question 92

Question:

Write a program to print the Pascal's triangle for n number of rows given by the user.

Solution:

 
n=int(input("Enter number of rows: "))
a=[]
for i in range(n):
    a.append([])
    a[i].append(1)
    for j in range(1,i):
        a[i].append(a[i-1][j-1]+a[i-1][j])
    if(n!=0):
        a[i].append(1)
for i in range(n):
    print("   "*(n-i),end=" ",sep=" ")
    for j in range(0,i+1):
        print('{0:6}'.format(a[i][j]),end=" ",sep=" ")
    print()

Question 93

Question:

Write a program to check if a number is a Perfect number.

Solution:

 
n = int(input("Enter any number: "))
sum1 = 0
for i in range(1, n):
    if(n % i == 0):
        sum1 = sum1 + i
if (sum1 == n):
    print("The number is a Perfect number!")
else:
    print("The number is not a Perfect number!")

Question 94

Question:

Write a program to find the LCM of two numbers.

Solution:

 
a=int(input("Enter the first number:"))
b=int(input("Enter the second number:"))
if(a>b):
    min1=a
else:
    min1=b
while(1):
    if(min1%a==0 and min1%b==0):
        print("LCM is:",min1)
        break
    min1=min1+1

Question 95

Question:

Write a program to find the GCD of two numbers.

Solution:

 
import math
a=int(input("Enter the first number:"))
b=int(input("Enter the second number:"))
print("The GCD of the two numbers is",math.gcd(a,b))

Question 96

Question:

Write a program to compute a polynomial equation given that the coefficients of the polynomial are stored in the list.

Solution:

import math
print("Enter the coefficients of the form ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d")
lst=[]
for i in range(0,4):
    a=int(input("Enter coefficient:"))
    lst.append(a)
x=int(input("Enter the value of x:"))
sum1=0
j=3
for i in range(0,3):
    while(j>0):
        sum1=sum1+(lst[i]*math.pow(x,j))
        break
    j=j-1
sum1=sum1+lst[3]
print("The value of the polynomial is:",sum1)

Question 97

Question:

Write a program to check if two numbers are amicable numbers.

Solution:

x=int(input('Enter number 1: '))
y=int(input('Enter number 2: '))
sum1=0
sum2=0
for i in range(1,x):
    if x%i==0:
        sum1+=i
for j in range(1,y):
    if y%j==0:
        sum2+=j
if(sum1==y and sum2==x):
    print('Amicable!')
else:
    print('Not Amicable!')

Question 98

Question:

Write a program to find the area of a triangle given all three sides.

Solution:

import math
a=int(input("Enter first side: "))
b=int(input("Enter second side: "))
c=int(input("Enter third side: "))
s=(a+b+c)/2
area=math.sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
print("Area of the triangle is: ",round(area,2))

Question 99

Question:

Write a program to find the gravitational force acting between two objects.

Solution:

m1=float(input("Enter the first mass: "))
m2=float(input("Enter the second mass: "))
r=float(input("Enter the distance between the centres of the masses: "))
G=6.673*(10**-11)
f=(G*m1*m2)/(r**2)
print("Hence, the gravitational force is: ",round(f,2),"N")

Question 100

Question:

Write a program to find the sum of sine series.

Solution:

import math
def sin(x,n):
    sine = 0
    for i in range(n):
        sign = (-1)**i
        pi=22/7
        y=x*(pi/180)
        sine = sine + ((y**(2.0*i+1))/math.factorial(2*i+1))*sign
    return sine
x=int(input("Enter the value of x in degrees:"))
n=int(input("Enter the number of terms:"))
print(round(sin(x,n),2))

Question 101

Question:

Write a program to find the sum of cosine series.

Solution:

import math
def cosine(x,n):
    cosx = 1
    sign = -1
    for i in range(2, n, 2):
        pi=22/7
        y=x*(pi/180)
        cosx = cosx + (sign*(y**i))/math.factorial(i)
        sign = -sign
    return cosx
x=int(input("Enter the value of x in degrees:"))
n=int(input("Enter the number of terms:"))
print(round(cosine(x,n),2))

Question 102

Question:

Write a program to find the sum of first N Natural Numbers.

Solution:

n=int(input("Enter a number: "))
sum1 = 0
while(n > 0):
    sum1=sum1+n
    n=n-1
print("The sum of first n natural numbers is",sum1)

Question 103

Question:

Write a program to find the sum of series: 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ….. + 1/N.

Solution:

n=int(input("Enter the number of terms: "))
sum1=0
for i in range(1,n+1):
    sum1=sum1+(1/i)
print("The sum of series is",round(sum1,2))

Question 104

Question:

Write a program to determine all Pythagorean triplets till the upper limit.

Solution:

limit=int(input("Enter upper limit:"))
c=0
m=2
while(c<limit):
    for n in range(1,m+1):
        a=m*m-n*n
        b=2*m*n
        c=m*m+n*n
        if(c>limit):
            break
        if(a==0 or b==0 or c==0):
            break
        print(a,b,c)
    m=m+1

Question 105

Question:

Write a program to search the number of times a particular number occurs in a list.

Solution:

a=[]
n=int(input("Enter number of elements:"))
for i in range(1,n+1):
    b=int(input("Enter element:"))
    a.append(b)
k=0
num=int(input("Enter the number to be counted:"))
for j in a:
    if(j==num):
        k=k+1
print("Number of times",num,"appears is",k)

Question 106

Question:

Write a program to test Collatz conjecture for a given number.

Solution:

def collatz(n):
    while n > 1:
        print(n, end=' ')
        if (n % 2):
            # n is odd
            n = 3*n + 1
        else:
            # n is even
            n = n//2
    print(1, end='')
 
 
n = int(input('Enter n: '))
print('Sequence: ', end='')
collatz(n)

Question 107

Question:

Write a program to count set bits in a number.

Solution:

 
def count_set_bits(n):
    count = 0
    while n:
        n &= n - 1
        count += 1
    return count
 
 
n = int(input('Enter n: '))
print('Number of set bits:', count_set_bits(n))

Question 108

Question:

Write a program to find whether a number is a power of two.

Solution:

 
def is_power_of_two(n):
    """Return True if n is a power of two."""
    if n <= 0:
        return False
    else:
        return n & (n - 1) == 0
 
 
n = int(input('Enter a number: '))
 
if is_power_of_two(n):
    print('{} is a power of two.'.format(n))
else:
    print('{} is not a power of two.'.format(n))

Question 109

Question:

Write a program to clear the rightmost set bit of a number.

Solution:

 
def clear_rightmost_set_bit(n):
    """Clear rightmost set bit of n and return it."""
    return n & (n - 1)
 
 
n = int(input('Enter a number: '))
ans = clear_rightmost_set_bit(n)
print('n with its rightmost set bit cleared equals:', ans)

Question 110

Question:

Write a program to generate all gray codes using recursion.

Solution:

 
def get_gray_codes(n):
    """Return n-bit Gray code in a list."""
    if n == 0:
        return ['']
    first_half = get_gray_codes(n - 1)
    second_half = first_half.copy()
 
    first_half = ['0' + code for code in first_half]
    second_half = ['1' + code for code in reversed(second_half)]
 
    return first_half + second_half
 
 
n = int(input('Enter the number of bits: '))
codes = get_gray_codes(n)
print('All {}-bit Gray Codes:'.format(n))
print(codes)

Question 111

Question:

Write a program to convert Gray code to binary.

Solution:

 
def gray_to_binary(n):
    """Convert Gray codeword to binary and return it."""
    n = int(n, 2) # convert to int
 
    mask = n
    while mask != 0:
        mask >>= 1
        n ^= mask
 
    # bin(n) returns n's binary representation with a '0b' prefixed
    # the slice operation is to remove the prefix
    return bin(n)[2:]
 
 
g = input('Enter Gray codeword: ')
b = gray_to_binary(g)
print('In binary:', b)

Question 112

Question:

Write a program to convert binary to Gray code.

Solution:

 
def binary_to_gray(n):
    """Convert Binary to Gray codeword and return it."""
    n = int(n, 2) # convert to int
    n ^= (n >> 1)
 
    # bin(n) returns n's binary representation with a '0b' prefixed
    # the slice operation is to remove the prefix
    return bin(n)[2:]
 
 
g = input('Enter binary number: ')
b = binary_to_gray(g)
print('Gray codeword:', b)

Question 113

Question:

Write a program to replace all occurrences of 'a' with '$' in a string.

Solution:

string=input("Enter string:")
string=string.replace('a','$')
string=string.replace('A','$')
print("Modified string:")
print(string)

Question 114

Question:

Write a program to remove the n^th index character from a non-empty string.

Solution:

def remove(string, n):  
      first = string[:n]   
      last = string[n+1:]  
      return first + last
string=input("Enter the string:")
n=int(input("Enter the index of the character to remove:"))
print("Modified string:")
print(remove(string, n))

Question 115

Question:

Write a program to detect if two strings are anagrams.

Solution:

s1=input("Enter first string:")
s2=input("Enter second string:")
if(sorted(s1)==sorted(s2)):
      print("The strings are anagrams.")
else:
      print("The strings aren't anagrams.")

Question 116

Question:

Write a program to form a string where the first character and the last character have been exchanged.

Solution:

def change(string):
      return string[-1:] + string[1:-1] + string[:1]
string=input("Enter string:")
print("Modified string:")
print(change(string))

Question 117

Question:

Write a program to count the number of vowels in a string.

Solution:

 
string=input("Enter string:")
vowels=0
for i in string:
      if(i=='a' or i=='e' or i=='i' or i=='o' or i=='u' or i=='A' or i=='E' or i=='I' or i=='O' or i=='U'):
            vowels=vowels+1
print("Number of vowels are:")
print(vowels)

Question 118

Question:

Write a program to take a string and replace every blank space with a hyphen.

Solution:

 
string=input("Enter string:")
string=string.replace(' ','-')
print("Modified string:")
print(string)

Question 119

Question:

Write a program to calculate the length of a string without using library functions.

Solution:

 
string=input("Enter string:")
count=0
for i in string:
      count=count+1
print("Length of the string is:")
print(count)

Question 120

Question:

Write a program to remove the characters of odd index values in a string.

Solution:

def modify(string):  
  final = ""   
  for i in range(len(string)):  
    if i % 2 == 0:  
      final = final + string[i]  
  return final
string=input("Enter string:")
print("Modified string is:")
print(modify(string))

Question 121

Question:

Write a program to calculate the number of words and characters present in a string.

Solution:

 
string=input("Enter string:")
char=0
word=1
for i in string:
      char=char+1
      if(i==' '):
            word=word+1
print("Number of words in the string:")
print(word)
print("Number of characters in the string:")
print(char)

Question 122

Question:

Write a program to take in two strings and display the larger string without using built-in functions.

Solution:

 
string1=input("Enter first string:")
string2=input("Enter second string:")
count1=0
count2=0
for i in string1:
      count1=count1+1
for j in string2:
      count2=count2+1
if(count1<count2):
      print("Larger string is:")
      print(string2)
elif(count1==count2):
      print("Both strings are equal.")
else:
      print("Larger string is:")
      print(string1)

Question 123

Question:

Write a program to count number of lowercase characters in a string.

Solution:

 
string=input("Enter string:")
count=0
for i in string:
      if(i.islower()):
            count=count+1
print("The number of lowercase characters is:")
print(count)

Question 124

Question:

Write a program to count the number of lowercase letters and uppercase letters in a string.

Solution:

string=input("Enter string:")
count1=0
count2=0
for i in string:
      if(i.islower()):
            count1=count1+1
      elif(i.isupper()):
            count2=count2+1
print("The number of lowercase characters is:")
print(count1)
print("The number of uppercase characters is:")
print(count2)

Question 125

Question:

Write a program to calculate the number of digits and letters in a string.

Solution:

string=input("Enter string:")
count1=0
count2=0
for i in string:
      if(i.isdigit()):
            count1=count1+1
      count2=count2+1
print("The number of digits is:")
print(count1)
print("The number of characters is:")
print(count2)

Question 126

Question:

Write a program to form a new string made of the first 2 characters and last 2 characters from a given string.

Solution:

string=input("Enter string:")
count=0
for i in string:
      count=count+1
new=string[0:2]+string[count-2:count]
print("Newly formed string is:")
print(new)

Question 127

Question:

Write a program to count the occurrences of each word in a given string sentence.

Solution:

string=input("Enter string:")
word=input("Enter word:")
a=[]
count=0
a=string.split(" ")
for i in range(0,len(a)):
      if(word==a[i]):
            count=count+1
print("Count of the word is:")
print(count)

Question 128

Question:

Write a program to check if a substring is present in a given string.

Solution:

string=input("Enter string:")
sub_str=input("Enter word:")
if(string.find(sub_str)==-1):
      print("Substring not found in string!")
else:
      print("Substring in string!")

Question 129

Question:

Write a program to print all permutations of a string in lexicographic order without using recursion.

Solution:

from math import factorial
 
def print_permutations_lexicographic_order(s):
    """Print all permutations of string s in lexicographic order."""
    seq = list(s)
 
    # there are going to be n! permutations where n = len(seq)
    for _ in range(factorial(len(seq))):
        # print permutation
        print(''.join(seq))
 
        # find p such that seq[p:] is the largest sequence with elements in
        # descending lexicographic order
        p = len(seq) - 1
        while p > 0 and seq[p - 1] > seq[p]:
            p -= 1
 
        # reverse seq[p:]
        seq[p:] = reversed(seq[p:])
 
        if p > 0:
            # find q such that seq[q] is the smallest element in seq[p:] such that
            # seq[q] > seq[p - 1]
            q = p
            while seq[p - 1] > seq[q]:
                q += 1
 
            # swap seq[p - 1] and seq[q]
            seq[p - 1], seq[q] = seq[q], seq[p - 1]
 
 
s = input('Enter the string: ')
print_permutations_lexicographic_order(s)

Question 130

Question:

Write a program to print all permutations of a string in lexicographic order using recursion.

Solution:

from math import factorial
 
def print_permutations_lexicographic_order(s):
    """Print all permutations of string s in lexicographic order."""
    seq = list(s)
    for _ in range(factorial(len(seq))):
        print(''.join(seq))
        nxt = get_next_permutation(seq)
        # if seq is the highest permutation
        if nxt is None:
            # then reverse it
            seq.reverse()
        else:
            seq = nxt
 
def get_next_permutation(seq):
    """Return next greater lexicographic permutation. Return None if cannot.
 
    This will return the next greater permutation of seq in lexicographic
    order. If seq is the highest permutation then this will return None.
 
    seq is a list.
    """
    if len(seq) == 0:
        return None
 
    nxt = get_next_permutation(seq[1:])
 
    # if seq[1:] is the highest permutation
    if nxt is None:
        # reverse seq[1:], so that seq[1:] now is in ascending order
        seq[1:] = reversed(seq[1:])
 
        # find q such that seq[q] is the smallest element in seq[1:] such that
        # seq[q] > seq[0]
        q = 1
        while q < len(seq) and seq[0] > seq[q]:
            q += 1
 
        # if cannot find q, then seq is the highest permutation
        if q == len(seq):
            return None
 
        # swap seq[0] and seq[q]
        seq[0], seq[q] = seq[q], seq[0]
 
        return seq
    else:
        return [seq[0]] + nxt
 
 
s = input('Enter the string: ')
print_permutations_lexicographic_order(s)

Question 131

Question:

Write a program to add a key-value pair to a dictionary.

Solution:

key=int(input("Enter the key (int) to be added:"))
value=int(input("Enter the value for the key to be added:"))
d={}
d.update({key:value})
print("Updated dictionary is:")
print(d)

Question 132

Question:

Write a program to concatenate two dictionaries into one dictionary.

Solution:

d1={'A':1,'B':2}
d2={'C':3}
d1.update(d2)
print("Concatenated dictionary is:")
print(d1)

Question 133

Question:

Write a program to check if a given key exists in a dictionary or not.

Solution:

d={'A':1,'B':2,'C':3}
key=input("Enter key to check:")
if key in d.keys():
      print("Key is present and value of the key is:")
      print(d[key])
else:
      print("Key isn't present!")

Question 134

Question:

Write a program to find the sum all the items in a dictionary.

Solution:

d={'A':100,'B':540,'C':239}
print("Total sum of values in the dictionary:")
print(sum(d.values()))

Question 135

Question:

Write a program to multiply all the items in a dictionary.

Solution:

 
d={'A':10,'B':10,'C':239}
tot=1
for i in d:    
    tot=tot*d[i]
print(tot)

Question 136

Question:

Write a program to remove the given key from a dictionary.

Solution:

 
d = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}
print("Initial dictionary")
print(d)
key=input("Enter the key to delete(a-d):")
if key in d: 
    del d[key]
else:
    print("Key not found!")
    exit(0)
print("Updated dictionary")
print(d)

Question 137

Question:

Write a program to form a dictionary from an object of a class.

Solution:

 
class A(object):  
     def __init__(self):  
         self.A=1  
         self.B=2  
obj=A()  
print(obj.__dict__)

Question 138

Question:

Write a program to map two lists into a dictionary.

Solution:

keys=[]
values=[]
n=int(input("Enter number of elements for dictionary:"))
print("For keys:")
for x in range(0,n):
    element=int(input("Enter element" + str(x+1) + ":"))
    keys.append(element)
print("For values:")
for x in range(0,n):
    element=int(input("Enter element" + str(x+1) + ":"))
    values.append(element)
d=dict(zip(keys,values))
print("The dictionary is:")
print(d)

Question 139

Question:

Write a program to count the frequency of words appearing in a string using a dictionary.

Solution:

 
test_string=input("Enter string:")
l=[]
l=test_string.split()
wordfreq=[l.count(p) for p in l]
print(dict(zip(l,wordfreq)))

Question 140

Question:

Write a program to create a dictionary with key as first character and value as words starting with that character.

Solution:

 
test_string=input("Enter string:")
l=test_string.split()
d={}
for word in l:
    if(word[0] not in d.keys()):
        d[word[0]]=[]
        d[word[0]].append(word)
    else:
        if(word not in d[word[0]]):
          d[word[0]].append(word)
for k,v in d.items():
        print(k,":",v)

Question 141

Question:

Write a program to count the number of vowels present in a string using sets.

Solution:

 
s=input("Enter string:")
count = 0
vowels = set("aeiou")
for letter in s:
    if letter in vowels:
        count += 1
print("Count of the vowels is:")
print(count)

Question 142

Question:

Write a program to check common letters in the two input strings.

Solution:

s1=input("Enter first string:")
s2=input("Enter second string:")
a=list(set(s1)&set(s2))
print("The common letters are:")
for i in a:
    print(i)

Question 143

Question:

Write a program to display which letters are in the first string but not in the second string.

Solution:

s1=input("Enter first string:")
s2=input("Enter second string:")
a=list(set(s1)-set(s2))
print("The letters are:")
for i in a:
    print(i)

Question 144

Question:

Write a program to display which letters is present in both the strings.

Solution:

s1=input("Enter first string:")
s2=input("Enter second string:")
a=list(set(s1)|set(s2))
print("The letters are:")
for i in a:
    print(i)

Question 145

Question:

Write a program to determine whether a given number is even or odd recursively.

Solution:

def check(n):
    if (n < 2):
        return (n % 2 == 0)
    return (check(n - 2))
n=int(input("Enter number:"))
if(check(n)==True):
      print("Number is even!")
else:
      print("Number is odd!")

Question 146

Question:

Write a program to determine how many times a given letter occurs in a string recursively.

Solution:

def check(string,ch):
      if not string:
        return 0
      elif string[0]==ch:
            return 1+check(string[1:],ch)
      else:
            return check(string[1:],ch)
string=input("Enter string:")
ch=input("Enter character to check:")
print("Count is:")
print(check(string,ch))

Question 147

Question:

Write a program to find the fibonacci series using recursion.

Solution:

def fibonacci(n):
    if(n <= 1):
        return n
    else:
        return(fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2))
n = int(input("Enter number of terms:"))
print("Fibonacci sequence:")
for i in range(n):
    print (fibonacci(i))

Question 148

Question:

Write a program to find the factorial of a number using recursion.

Solution:

def factorial(n):
    if(n <= 1):
        return 1
    else:
        return(n*factorial(n-1))
n = int(input("Enter number:"))
print("Factorial:")
print(factorial(n))

Question 149

Question:

Write a program to find the sum of elements in a list recursively.

Solution:

def sum_arr(arr,size):
   if (size == 0):
     return 0
   else:
     return arr[size-1] + sum_arr(arr,size-1)
n=int(input("Enter the number of elements for list:"))
a=[]
for i in range(0,n):
    element=int(input("Enter element:"))
    a.append(element)
print("The list is:")
print(a)
print("Sum of items in list:")
b=sum_arr(a,n)
print(b)

Question 150

Question:

Write a program to find the binary equivalent of a number recursively.

Solution:

l=[]
def convert(b):
    if(b==0):
        return l
    dig=b%2
    l.append(dig)
    convert(b//2)
a=int(input("Enter a number: "))
convert(a)
l.reverse()
print("Binary equivalent:")
for i in l:
    print (i)

Question 151

Question:

Write a program to find the LCM of two numbers using recursion.

Solution:

def lcm(a,b):
    lcm.multiple=lcm.multiple+b
    if((lcm.multiple % a == 0) and (lcm.multiple % b == 0)):
        return lcm.multiple;
    else:
        lcm(a, b)
    return lcm.multiple
lcm.multiple=0
a=int(input("Enter first number:"))
b=int(input("Enter second number:"))
if(a>b):
    LCM=lcm(b,a)
else:
    LCM=lcm(a,b)
print(LCM)

Question 152

Question:

Write a program to find the GCD of two numbers using recursion.

Solution:

def gcd(a,b):
    if(b==0):
        return a
    else:
        return gcd(b,a%b)
a=int(input("Enter first number:"))
b=int(input("Enter second number:"))
GCD=gcd(a,b)
print("GCD is: ")
print(GCD)

Question 153

Question:

Write a program to read the contents of a file.

Solution:

 
a=str(input("Enter the name of the file with .txt extension:"))
file2=open(a,'r')
line=file2.readline()
while(line!=""):
    print(line)
    line=file2.readline()
file2.close()

Question 154

Question:

Write a program to count the number of words in a text file.

Solution:

 
fname = input("Enter file name: ")
 
num_words = 0
 
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        words = line.split()
        num_words += len(words)
print("Number of words:")
print(num_words)

Question 155

Question:

Write a program to count the number of lines in a text file.

Solution:

 
fname = input("Enter file name: ")
num_lines = 0
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        num_lines += 1
print("Number of lines:")
print(num_lines)

Question 156

Question:

Write a program to read a string from the user and appends it into a file.

Solution:

fname = input("Enter file name: ")
file3=open(fname,"a")
c=input("Enter string to append: \n");
file3.write("\n")
file3.write(c)
file3.close()
print("Contents of appended file:");
file4=open(fname,'r')
line1=file4.readline()
while(line1!=""):
    print(line1)
    line1=file4.readline()    
file4.close()

Question 157

Question:

Write a program to count the occurrences of a word in a text file.

Solution:

 
fname = input("Enter file name: ")
word=input("Enter word to be searched:")
k = 0
 
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        words = line.split()
        for i in words:
            if(i==word):
                k=k+1
print("Occurrences of the word:")
print(k)

Question 158

Question:

Write a program to copy the contents of one file into another.

Solution:

 
with open("test.txt") as f:
    with open("out.txt", "w") as f1:
        for line in f:
            f1.write(line)

Question 159

Question:

Write a program to count the occurrences of a letter in a text file.

Solution:

 
fname = input("Enter file name: ")
l=input("Enter letter to be searched:")
k = 0
 
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        words = line.split()
        for i in words:
            for letter in i:
                if(letter==l):
                    k=k+1
print("Occurrences of the letter:")
print(k)

Question 160

Question:

Write a program to read a text file and print all numbers present in the text file.

Solution:

fname = input("Enter file name: ")
 
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        words = line.split()
        for i in words:
            for letter in i:
                if(letter.isdigit()):
                    print(letter)

Question 161

Question:

Write a program to append the contents of one file to another file.

Solution:

name1 = input("Enter file to be read from: ")
name2 = input("Enter file to be appended to: ")
fin = open(name1, "r")
data2 = fin.read()
fin.close()
fout = open(name2, "a")
fout.write(data2)
fout.close()

Question 162

Question:

Write a program to count the number of blank spaces in a text file.

Solution:

fname = input("Enter file name: ")
k = 0
 
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        words = line.split()
        for i in words:
            for letter in i:
                if(letter.isspace):
                    k=k+1
print("Occurrences of blank spaces:")
print(k)

Question 163

Question:

Write a program to read a file and capitalize the first letter of every word in the file.

Solution:

fname = input("Enter file name: ")
 
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        l=line.title()
        print(l)

Question 164

Question:

Write a program to read the contents of a file in reverse order.

Solution:

filename=input("Enter file name: ")
for line in reversed(list(open(filename))):
    print(line.rstrip())

Question 165

Question:

Write a program to find the area of a rectangle using classes.

Solution:

class rectangle():
    def __init__(self,breadth,length):
        self.breadth=breadth
        self.length=length
    def area(self):
        return self.breadth*self.length
a=int(input("Enter length of rectangle: "))
b=int(input("Enter breadth of rectangle: "))
obj=rectangle(a,b)
print("Area of rectangle:",obj.area())
 
print()

Question 166

Question:

Write a program to append, delete and display elements of a list using classes.

Solution:

class check():
    def __init__(self):
        self.n=[]
    def add(self,a):
        return self.n.append(a)
    def remove(self,b):
        self.n.remove(b)
    def dis(self):
        return (self.n)
 
obj=check()
 
choice=1
while choice!=0:
    print("0. Exit")
    print("1. Add")
    print("2. Delete")
    print("3. Display")
    choice=int(input("Enter choice: "))
    if choice==1:
        n=int(input("Enter number to append: "))
        obj.add(n)
        print("List: ",obj.dis())
 
    elif choice==2:
        n=int(input("Enter number to remove: "))
        obj.remove(n)
        print("List: ",obj.dis())
 
    elif choice==3:
        print("List: ",obj.dis())
    elif choice==0:
        print("Exiting!")
    else:
        print("Invalid choice!!")
 
print()

Question 167

Question:

Write a program to implement a binary heap.

Solution:

class BinaryHeap:
    def __init__(self):
        self.items = []
 
    def size(self):
        return len(self.items)
 
    def parent(self, i):
        return (i - 1)//2
 
    def left(self, i):
        return 2*i + 1
 
    def right(self, i):
        return 2*i + 2
 
    def get(self, i):
        return self.items[i]
 
    def get_max(self):
        if self.size() == 0:
            return None
        return self.items[0]
 
    def extract_max(self):
        if self.size() == 0:
            return None
        largest = self.get_max()
        self.items[0] = self.items[-1]
        del self.items[-1]
        self.max_heapify(0)
        return largest
 
    def max_heapify(self, i):
        l = self.left(i)
        r = self.right(i)
        if (l <= self.size() - 1 and self.get(l) > self.get(i)):
            largest = l
        else:
            largest = i
        if (r <= self.size() - 1 and self.get(r) > self.get(largest)):
            largest = r
        if (largest != i):
            self.swap(largest, i)
            self.max_heapify(largest)
 
    def swap(self, i, j):
        self.items[i], self.items[j] = self.items[j], self.items[i]
 
    def insert(self, key):
        index = self.size()
        self.items.append(key)
 
        while (index != 0):
            p = self.parent(index)
            if self.get(p) < self.get(index):
                self.swap(p, index)
            index = p
 
 
bheap = BinaryHeap()
 
print('Menu')
print('insert <data>')
print('max get')
print('max extract')
print('quit')
 
while True:
    do = input('What would you like to do? ').split()
 
    operation = do[0].strip().lower()
    if operation == 'insert':
        data = int(do[1])
        bheap.insert(data)
    elif operation == 'max':
        suboperation = do[1].strip().lower()
        if suboperation == 'get':
            print('Maximum value: {}'.format(bheap.get_max()))
        elif suboperation == 'extract':
            print('Maximum value removed: {}'.format(bheap.extract_max()))
 
    elif operation == 'quit':
        break

Question 168

Question:

Write a program to implement a binomial tree.

Solution:

class BinomialTree:
    def __init__(self, key):
        self.key = key
        self.children = []
        self.order = 0
 
    def add_at_end(self, t):
        self.children.append(t)
        self.order = self.order + 1
 
 
trees = []
 
print('Menu')
print('create <key>')
print('combine <index1> <index2>')
print('quit')
 
while True:
    do = input('What would you like to do? ').split()
 
    operation = do[0].strip().lower()
    if operation == 'create':
        key = int(do[1])
        btree = BinomialTree(key)
        trees.append(btree)
        print('Binomial tree created.')
    elif operation == 'combine':
        index1 = int(do[1])
        index2 = int(do[2])
        if trees[index1].order == trees[index2].order:
            trees[index1].add_at_end(trees[index2])
            del trees[index2]
            print('Binomial trees combined.')
        else:
            print('Orders of the trees need to be the same.')
 
    elif operation == 'quit':
        break
 
    print('{:>8}{:>12}{:>8}'.format('Index', 'Root key', 'Order'))
    for index, t in enumerate(trees):
        print('{:8d}{:12d}{:8d}'.format(index, t.key, t.order))

Question 169

Question:

Write a program to implement Tower of Hanoi.

Solution:

def hanoi(disks, source, auxiliary, target):
    if disks == 1:
        print('Move disk 1 from peg {} to peg {}.'.format(source, target))
        return
 
    hanoi(disks - 1, source, target, auxiliary)
    print('Move disk {} from peg {} to peg {}.'.format(disks, source, target))
    hanoi(disks - 1, auxiliary, source, target)
 
 
disks = int(input('Enter number of disks: '))
hanoi(disks, 'A', 'B', 'C')

Question 170

Question:

Write a program to implement birthday dictionary.

Solution:

if __name__ == '__main__':

    birthdays = {
        'Albert Einstein': '03/14/1879',
        'Benjamin Franklin': '01/17/1706',
        'Ada Lovelace': '12/10/1815',
        'Donald Trump': '06/14/1946',
        'Rowan Atkinson': '01/6/1955'}

    print('Welcome to the birthday dictionary. We know the birthdays of:')
    for name in birthdays:
        print(name)

    print('Who\'s birthday do you want to look up?')
    name = input()
    if name in birthdays:
        print('{}\'s birthday is {}.'.format(name, birthdays[name]))
    else:
        print('Sadly, we don\'t have {}\'s birthday.'.format(name))

Question 171

Question:

Write a program to implement guess letters.

Solution:

 
if __name__ == '__main__':
	print("Welcome to hangman!!")
	word = "EVAPORATE"
	guessed = "_" * len(word)
	word = list(word)
	guessed = list(guessed)
	lstGuessed = []
	letter = input("guess letter: ")
	while True:
		if letter.upper() in lstGuessed:
			letter = ''
			print("Already guessed!!")
		elif letter.upper() in word:
			index = word.index(letter.upper())
			guessed[index] = letter.upper()
			word[index] = '_'
		else:
			print(''.join(guessed))
			if letter is not '':
				lstGuessed.append(letter.upper())
			letter = input("guess letter: ")

		if '_' not in guessed:
			print("You won!!")
			break

Question 172

Question:

Write a program to implement password generator.

Solution:

 
import random

s = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz01234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!@#$%^&*()?"
passlen = 8
p =  "".join(random.sample(s,passlen ))
print (p)

Question 173

Question:

Write a program to display calendar of the given month and year.

Solution:

 
# importing calendar module
import calendar

yy = 2014  # year
mm = 11    # month

# To take month and year input from the user
# yy = int(input("Enter year: "))
# mm = int(input("Enter month: "))

# display the calendar
print(calendar.month(yy, mm))

Question 174

Question:

Write a program to add two matrices.

Solution:

X = [[12,7,3],
    [4 ,5,6],
    [7 ,8,9]]

Y = [[5,8,1],
    [6,7,3],
    [4,5,9]]

result = [[0,0,0],
         [0,0,0],
         [0,0,0]]

# iterate through rows
for i in range(len(X)):
   # iterate through columns
   for j in range(len(X[0])):
       result[i][j] = X[i][j] + Y[i][j]

for r in result:
   print(r)

Question 175

Question:

Write a program to transpose a matrix.

Solution:

 
X = [[12,7],
    [4 ,5],
    [3 ,8]]

result = [[0,0,0],
         [0,0,0]]

# iterate through rows
for i in range(len(X)):
   # iterate through columns
   for j in range(len(X[0])):
       result[j][i] = X[i][j]

for r in result:
   print(r)

Question 176

Question:

***Write a program to multiply two matrices. ***

Solution:

 
# 3x3 matrix
X = [[12,7,3],
    [4 ,5,6],
    [7 ,8,9]]
# 3x4 matrix
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
    [6,7,3,0],
    [4,5,9,1]]
# result is 3x4
result = [[0,0,0,0],
         [0,0,0,0],
         [0,0,0,0]]

# iterate through rows of X
for i in range(len(X)):
   # iterate through columns of Y
   for j in range(len(Y[0])):
       # iterate through rows of Y
       for k in range(len(Y)):
           result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]

for r in result:
   print(r)

Question 177

Question:

Write a program to remove punctuations from a string.

Solution:

 
# define punctuation
punctuations = '''!()-[]{};:'"\,<>./?@#$%^&*_~'''

my_str = "Hello!!!, he said ---and went."

# To take input from the user
# my_str = input("Enter a string: ")

# remove punctuation from the string
no_punct = ""
for char in my_str:
   if char not in punctuations:
       no_punct = no_punct + char

# display the unpunctuated string
print(no_punct)

Question 178

Question:

Write a program to find the hash of a file and display it.

Solution:

import hashlib

def hash_file(filename):
   """"This function returns the SHA-1 hash
   of the file passed into it"""

   # make a hash object
   h = hashlib.sha1()

   # open file for reading in binary mode
   with open(filename,'rb') as file:

       # loop till the end of the file
       chunk = 0
       while chunk != b'':
           # read only 1024 bytes at a time
           chunk = file.read(1024)
           h.update(chunk)

   # return the hex representation of digest
   return h.hexdigest()

message = hash_file("languages.txt")
print(message)

Question 179

Question:

Write a program to find the size (resolution) of a image.

Solution:

def jpeg_res(filename):
   """"This function prints the resolution of the jpeg image file passed into it"""

   # open image for reading in binary mode
   with open(filename,'rb') as img_file:

       # height of image (in 2 bytes) is at 164th position
       img_file.seek(163)

       # read the 2 bytes
       a = img_file.read(2)

       # calculate height
       height = (a[0] << 8) + a[1]

       # next 2 bytes is width
       a = img_file.read(2)

       # calculate width
       width = (a[0] << 8) + a[1]

   print("The resolution of the image is",width,"x",height)

jpeg_res("img1.jpg")

Question 180

Question:

Write a program to read website source code.

Solution:

import sys

if sys.version_info[0] == 3:
    from urllib.request import urlopen
else:
    # Not Python 3 - today, it is most likely to be Python 2
    # But note that this might need an update when Python 4
    # might be around one day
    from urllib import urlopen


# Your code where you can use urlopen
with urlopen("http://www.myw3schools.com") as url:
    s = url.read()

print(s)

Question 181

Question:

Write a program to get IP address of your computer.

Solution:

import socket    
hostname = socket.gethostname()    
IPAddr = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)    
print("Your Computer Name is:" + hostname)    
print("Your Computer IP Address is:" + IPAddr)

Question 182

Question:

Write a program to get all links from a webpage.

Solution:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen

req = Request("http://www.myw3schools.com")
html_page = urlopen(req)

soup = BeautifulSoup(html_page, "lxml")

links = []
for link in soup.findAll('a'):
    links.append(link.get('href'))

print(links)

Question 183

Question:

Write a program to illustrate Dice Roll Simulator.

Solution:

import random
min = 1
max = 6

roll_again = "yes"

while roll_again == "yes" or roll_again == "y":
    print ("Rolling the dices...")
    print ("The values are....")
    print (random.randint(min, max))
    print (random.randint(min, max))

    roll_again = input("Roll the dices again?")

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