- Create an application that requires users to authenticate with usernames and passwords.
- Retrieve data from cookies to allow users to access data from previous sessions.
- Authorize users to access different sets of resources based on their attributes.
- Establish database rules through SQLAlchemy to encrypt passwords and protect users' private information.
- Identity and Access Management (IAM): a subfield of software engineering that focuses on users, their attributes, their login information, and the resources that they are allowed to access.
- Authentication: proving one's identity to an application in order to access protected information; logging in.
- Authorization: allowing or disallowing access to resources based on a user's attributes.
- Session: the time between a user logging in and logging out of a web application.
- Cookie: data from a web application that is stored by the browser. The application can retrieve this data during subsequent sessions.
In our lessons up to this point, we have made websites that provide equal experiences to all users. This is perfect for certain types of websites, but most today aim to provide a tailored experience to the user. This requires a web application to keep track of the user through a digital identity.
Some companies like Meta are striving to make digital identities into close analogues for real identities, but most digital identities are fairly simple: a collection of traits that, when combined, uniquely identify a user of the application. If this sounds an awful lot like a database record, you're on the right track.
Digital identities can be stored in databases as records or in special directory services using a protocol called Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (or LDAP). For simplicity's sake, we will just be using SQLite in this module.
"Access Management" describes how we determine which identities have the rights to create, retrieve, update, or delete specific information. You've already seen this in the "Chatterbox" lab from this Phase- you could retrieve any message, but you could only create, update, or delete your own. Applications carry out access management through a combination of identity information and authorization policies that state which users can access what. These policies are usually designed for roles or groups (e.g. Teacher, Science Teachers) rather than identity-by-identity.
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a broad and rapidly evolving field underneath the software umbrella, and is thus typically carried out by a team of specialists rather than full-stack generalists. That being said, an understanding and appreciation of the field's basic concepts will allow you to start building identity-tailored applications in your career and on your own.