Philogy / singleton-swapper

Singleton Swapper

"Singleton Swapper" is a Singleton AMM, whereby liquidity pools all live under the same address. The pools use a simple constant-product formula ($k = x\cdot y$). This repo serves as a proof-of-concept to see how low the gas costs of a singleton AMM can be pushed and to experiment with an in-memory flash accounting design.

How it Works

Internal Flash Accounting

Whenever operations are conducted within the pool such as providing liquidity or multi-hop swaps, all balance changes are first tracked internally, in memory, allowing users to only settle final net-changes at the end of an operations block.

Balance changes are tracked using a hash-map that lives in memory. The hash-map can have any size and is dictated by the caller when initiating a batch of operations. A small hash-map will save gas as it won't have to allocate as much memory upfront but it will increase the probability of collisions between token keys making some reads / writes more expensive. Transactions can be simulated off-chain to determine the best hash-map size.

Program

Interacting with pools is done via the execute(bytes program) function. The program is a serialized list of operations, with the following structure:

  <2 bytes> accounting hash map size (in tokens) e.g. 0x0040 => up to 64 key, value pairs
            in the accounting map

  [for every operation]:
    <1 byte>  8-bit operation
    <n bytes> opcode data

This non-ABI encoding ensures that you can have a custom set of operations with each operation taking on a different amount of data while keeping calldata size minimal.

Operations

Each 8-bit operation specifier consists of <4-bits operation id><4-bits flags>. So there can be up to 16 top-level operations which each being to interpret 4 added flags. Parameters are always tightly packed. You can see how to encode individual ops in the EncoderLib.

Note: The name of the ops are given from the perspective from the pool e.g. "send" means that from the perspective of the pool it's sending assets to some external recipient.

SWAP (0x00)

Descrition: Performs a swap in pool of token0-token1 (must be sorted order token0 < token1)

• flags:
  • 0: whether swapping token0 for token1 (1: token0 => token1, 0: token1 => token0)
• params:
  • address token0
  • address token1
  • uint128 amount

ADD_LIQ (0x10)

Descrition: Adds liquidity to the pool token0-token1 (must be sorted order token0 < token1). Uses amounts maxAmount0 and maxAmount1. If liquidity is already present may not use the entirety of one amount as it will match the current ratio. The to address will be credited the liquidity position.

• flags: None
• params:
  • address token0
  • address token1
  • address to
  • uint128 maxAmount0
  • uint128 maxAmount1

RM_LIQ (0x20)

Descrition: Remove liquidity from the pool token0-token1 (must be sorted order token0 < token1). Withdraws liquidity from the caller's position in the specified pool. Will revert if caller doesn't have at least liquidity in their position.

• flags: None
• params:
  • address token0
  • address token1
  • uint256 liquidity

SEND (0x30)

Descrition: Sends amount of token to recipient to.

• flags: None
• params:
  • address token
  • address to
  • uint128 amount

RECEIVE (0x40)

Descrition: Calls the give callback on the caller with token and amount as parameters. Will then check for and credit any received amount of token in the internal accounting. Note that sent token not yet accounted for will also be accounted as "received" in the callback.

• flags: None
• params:
  • address token
  • uint128 amount

SWAP_HEAD (0x50)

Descrition: Similar to SWAP except that the "out token" will be stored internally as lastToken for use in SWAP_HOP.

• flags:
  • 0: whether swapping token0 for token1 (1: token0 => token1, 0: token1 => token0)
• params:
  • address token0
  • address token1
  • uint128 amount

SWAP_HOP (0x60)

Descrition: Will look at lastToken set by the last SWAP_HEAD or SWAP_HOP operation and swap the internally accounted out amount of lastToken for nextToken. Reverts if internal lastToken delta is positive i.e. the pool contract is owed tokens. Sets lastToken to nextToken.

• params:
  • address nextToken