(i) Teams will have to design a combinational/sequential circuit as the solution for the problem statement.
Given the requirement to design combinational and sequential circuits for addressing traffic congestion in metropolitan cities, here's a more detailed breakdown of potential circuits:
-
Traffic Light Controller:
- Combinational logic can be used to determine the optimal timing for traffic signals based on inputs such as traffic flow, pedestrian crossings, and time of day.
- Sequential logic can be employed to control the sequence of traffic light changes and to ensure smooth transitions between states.
-
Traffic Flow Monitoring:
- Combinational circuits can process inputs from sensors detecting vehicle presence and count the number of vehicles passing through.
- Sequential circuits can be utilized to store and analyze historical traffic data, identifying patterns and predicting future congestion.
-
Traffic Signal Coordination:
- Combinational logic can be used to coordinate signals at intersections, ensuring that green lights are synchronized to facilitate continuous traffic flow.
- Sequential logic can help maintain the timing of signal changes and adjust them dynamically based on real-time traffic conditions.
-
Dynamic Lane Management:
- Combinational circuits can control lane direction indicators based on inputs such as traffic volume and congestion levels.
- Sequential circuits can manage the switching of lanes, ensuring smooth transitions and preventing collisions.
-
Route Optimization:
- Combinational logic can be employed to calculate optimal routes based on inputs such as traffic data, road conditions, and distance.
- Sequential logic can store and update route information, guiding drivers through the most efficient paths.
-
Vehicle Priority Systems:
- Combinational circuits can determine priority for vehicles such as emergency vehicles, public transport, and high-occupancy vehicles based on predefined criteria.
- Sequential circuits can manage the allocation of priority lanes and signals, ensuring that priority vehicles can move smoothly through traffic.
-
Traffic Data Analysis:
- Combinational logic circuits can process raw traffic data collected from sensors and detectors, performing tasks such as filtering, sorting, and aggregating.
- Sequential circuits can analyze the processed data over time, identifying trends, patterns, and areas of congestion.
-
Adaptive Traffic Control:
- Combinational logic can be used to design algorithms for adaptive traffic control, which dynamically adjust traffic signal timings and lane configurations based on real-time inputs.
- Sequential logic circuits can implement learning mechanisms that adapt the system's behavior over time based on observed traffic patterns and feedback.
(ii) Final and intermediate outputs of the code/RTL Schematic implementation will be observed and will be given high weightage.
module traffic(
input clk, // Clock input
input reset, // Reset input
input vehicle_NS, // Vehicle presence in North-South direction
input vehicle_EW, // Vehicle presence in East-West direction
input pedestrian_NS, // Pedestrian crossing in North-South direction
input pedestrian_EW, // Pedestrian crossing in East-West direction
output reg green_NS, // North-South green light
output reg yellow_NS, // North-South yellow light
output reg red_NS, // North-South red light
output reg green_EW, // East-West green light
output reg yellow_EW, // East-West yellow light
output reg red_EW // East-West red light
);
parameter NS_GREEN = 2'b00;
parameter NS_YELLOW = 2'b01;
parameter EW_GREEN = 2'b10;
parameter EW_YELLOW = 2'b11;
// Define signal timing parameters
parameter GREEN_DURATION = 10; // Duration for green light in clock cycles
parameter YELLOW_DURATION = 2; // Duration for yellow light in clock cycles
// Define internal signals for FSM
reg [1:0] state;
reg [3:0] timer;
always @(posedge clk or posedge reset) begin
if (reset) begin
state <= NS_GREEN; // Initialize FSM to North-South green
timer <= 0;
end else begin
// FSM state transitions
case (state)
NS_GREEN: begin
if (timer >= GREEN_DURATION) begin
state <= NS_YELLOW; // Transition to North-South yellow
timer <= 0;
end else if (vehicle_EW || pedestrian_NS) begin
state <= EW_GREEN; // Transition to East-West green
timer <= 0;
end else begin
timer <= timer + 1;
end
end
NS_YELLOW: begin
if (timer >= YELLOW_DURATION) begin
state <= EW_GREEN; // Transition to East-West green
timer <= 0;
end else begin
timer <= timer + 1;
end
end
EW_GREEN: begin
if (timer >= GREEN_DURATION) begin
state <= EW_YELLOW; // Transition to East-West yellow
timer <= 0;
end else if (vehicle_NS || pedestrian_EW) begin
state <= NS_GREEN; // Transition to North-South green
timer <= 0;
end else begin
timer <= timer + 1;
end
end
EW_YELLOW: begin
if (timer >= YELLOW_DURATION) begin
state <= NS_GREEN; // Transition to North-South green
timer <= 0;
end else begin
timer <= timer + 1;
end
end
default: state <= NS_GREEN; // Default to North-South green
endcase
end
end
// Output control based on FSM state
always @* begin
case (state)
NS_GREEN: begin
green_NS = 1'b1;
yellow_NS = 1'b0;
red_NS = 1'b0;
green_EW = 1'b0;
yellow_EW = 1'b0;
red_EW = 1'b1;
end
NS_YELLOW: begin
green_NS = 1'b0;
yellow_NS = 1'b1;
red_NS = 1'b0;
green_EW = 1'b0;
yellow_EW = 1'b0;
red_EW = 1'b1;
end
EW_GREEN: begin
green_NS = 1'b0;
yellow_NS = 1'b0;
red_NS = 1'b1;
green_EW = 1'b1;
yellow_EW = 1'b0;
red_EW = 1'b0;
end
EW_YELLOW: begin
green_NS = 1'b0;
yellow_NS = 1'b0;
red_NS = 1'b1;
green_EW = 1'b0;
yellow_EW = 1'b1;
red_EW = 1'b0;
end
default: begin
green_NS = 1'b1;
yellow_NS = 1'b0;
red_NS = 1'b0;
green_EW = 1'b0;
yellow_EW = 1'b0;
red_EW = 1'b1;
end
endcase
end
endmodule
Successfully developed the solution for Traffic Congestion in Metro Cities using verilog code.