Foundations - Low-level programming & Algorithm ― Data structures and Algorithms
by Michael Muia, Software Engineer at ALX, Inc.
- For this project you are given the following
print_array
, andprint_list
functions:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
/**
* print_array - Prints an array of integers
*
* @array: The array to be printed
* @size: Number of elements in @array
*/
void print_array(const int *array, size_t size)
{
size_t i;
i = 0;
while (array && i < size)
{
if (i > 0)
printf(", ");
printf("%d", array[i]);
++i;
}
printf("\n");
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include "sort.h"
/**
* print_list - Prints a list of integers
*
* @list: The list to be printed
*/
void print_list(const listint_t *list)
{
int i;
i = 0;
while (list)
{
if (i > 0)
printf(", ");
printf("%d", list->n);
++i;
list = list->next;
}
printf("\n");
}
- Our files
print_array.c
andprint_list.c
(containing theprint_array
andprint_list
functions) will be compiled with your functions during the correction. - Please declare the prototype of the functions
print_array
andprint_list
in yoursort.h
header file - Please use the following data structure for doubly linked list:
/**
* struct listint_s - Doubly linked list node
*
* @n: Integer stored in the node
* @prev: Pointer to the previous element of the list
* @next: Pointer to the next element of the list
*/
typedef struct listint_s
{
const int n;
struct listint_s *prev;
struct listint_s *next;
} listint_t;
Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the [Bubble sort]
- Prototype: void bubble_sort(int *array, size_t size);
- You’re expected to print the
array
after each time you swap two elements (See example below)
Write in the file 0-O
, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Bubble sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:
- in the best case
- in the average case
- in the worst case
alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 0-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"
/**
* main - Entry point
*
* Return: Always 0
*/
int main(void)
{
int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);
print_array(array, n);
printf("\n");
bubble_sort(array, n);
printf("\n");
print_array(array, n);
return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic 0-bubble_sort.c 0-main.c print_array.c -o bubble
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./bubble
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 99, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 99, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 99, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 99, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7, 99
19, 48, 13, 71, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7, 99
19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 96, 73, 86, 7, 99
19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 73, 96, 86, 7, 99
19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 7, 99
19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 73, 86, 7, 96, 99
19, 13, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 7, 96, 99
19, 13, 48, 52, 71, 73, 7, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 7, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 7, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 7, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 7, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 7, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 7, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$
Repo:
- GitHub repository:
holbertonschool-low_level_programming
- Directory:
0x1B-sorting_algorithms
- File:
0-bubble_sort.c, 0-O
Write a function that sorts a doubly linked list of integers in ascending order using the [Insertion sort]
- Prototype:
void insertion_sort_list(listint_t **list);
- You are not allowed to modify the integer
n
of a node. You have to swap the nodes themselves. - You’re expected to print the
list
after each time you swap two elements (See example below)
Write in the file 1-O
, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Insertion sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:
- in the best case
- in the average case
- in the worst case
alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 1-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"
/**
* create_listint - Creates a doubly linked list from an array of integers
*
* @array: Array to convert to a doubly linked list
* @size: Size of the array
*
* Return: Pointer to the first element of the created list. NULL on failure
*/
listint_t *create_listint(const int *array, size_t size)
{
listint_t *list;
listint_t *node;
int *tmp;
list = NULL;
while (size--)
{
node = malloc(sizeof(*node));
if (!node)
return (NULL);
tmp = (int *)&node->n;
*tmp = array[size];
node->next = list;
node->prev = NULL;
list = node;
if (list->next)
list->next->prev = list;
}
return (list);
}
/**
* main - Entry point
*
* Return: Always 0
*/
int main(void)
{
listint_t *list;
int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);
list = create_listint(array, n);
if (!list)
return (1);
print_list(list);
printf("\n");
insertion_sort_list(&list);
printf("\n");
print_list(list);
return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic 1-main.c 1-insertion_sort_list.c print_list.c -o insertion
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./insertion
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 99, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 13, 71, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 13, 48, 71, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 71, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 71, 52, 99, 96, 73, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 99, 96, 73, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 96, 99, 73, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 96, 73, 99, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 96, 99, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 96, 86, 99, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 7, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 7, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 7, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 7, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 7, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 7, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 7, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 7, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$
Repo:
- GitHub repository:
holbertonschool-low_level_programming
- Directory:
0x1B-sorting_algorithms
- File:
1-insertion_sort_list.c, 1-O
Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the [Selection sort]
- Prototype:
void selection_sort(int *array, size_t size);
- You’re expected to print the
array
after each time you swap two elements (See example below)
Write in the file 2-O
, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Selection sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:
- in the best case
- in the average case
- in the worst case
alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 2-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"
/**
* main - Entry point
*
* Return: Always 0
*/
int main(void)
{
int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);
print_array(array, n);
printf("\n");
selection_sort(array, n);
printf("\n");
print_array(array, n);
return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic 2-main.c 2-selection_sort.c print_array.c -o select
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./select
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
7, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 19
7, 13, 99, 71, 48, 52, 96, 73, 86, 19
7, 13, 19, 71, 48, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 71, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 96, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$
Repo:
- GitHub repository:
holbertonschool-low_level_programming
- Directory:
0x1B-sorting_algorithms
- File:
2-selection_sort.c, 2-O
Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the [Quick sort]
- Prototype:
void quick_sort(int *array, size_t size);
- You must implement the
Lomuto
partition scheme. - The pivot should always be the last element of the partition being sorted.
- You’re expected to print the
array
after each time you swap two elements (See example below)
Write in the file 3-O
, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Quick sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:
- in the best case
- in the average case
- in the worst case
alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 3-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"
/**
* main - Entry point
*
* Return: Always 0
*/
int main(void)
{
int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);
print_array(array, n);
printf("\n");
quick_sort(array, n);
printf("\n");
print_array(array, n);
return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic 3-main.c 3-quick_sort.c print_array.c -o quick
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./quick
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
7, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 19
7, 13, 99, 71, 48, 52, 96, 73, 86, 19
7, 13, 19, 71, 48, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 71, 48, 52, 73, 96, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 71, 48, 52, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 71, 52, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$
Repo:
- GitHub repository:
holbertonschool-low_level_programming
- Directory:
0x1B-sorting_algorithms
- File: `3-quick_sort.c, 3-0