formenc: Easily unmarshal forms

This library provides unmarshaling support for HTTP form data. It is loosely modeled after the Go encoders.

This is pre-release software. Not all of its features are currently implemented.

Right now, this library can unmarshal forms into flat structs. Additionally, it supports []string as a value on a struct. More will be added as we get time. If you'd like to quickly support another type, use the FormSetFIELD pattern described below.

Usage

This library provides unmarshal functions for form data.

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/url"

	"github.com/Masterminds/formenc/encoding/form"
)

// This is a struct set up for form unmarshaling.
type Person struct {
	// The annotation indicates how the HTTP values are inserted into the struct.
	FirstName string `form:"first_name"`
	LastName  string `form:"last_name"`
	Age       int    `form:"age"`
}

func main() {
	// Usually, you get values from an `*http.Request`.
	v := url.Values{}
	for key, val := range map[string]string{
		"first_name": "Batty",
		"last_name":  "Penderwick",
		"age":        "11",
	} {
		v.Set(key, val)
	}

	// We want to unmarshal the form data into struct.
	person := &Person{}
	if err := form.Unmarshal(v, person); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%s %s is %d years old\n", person.FirstName, person.LastName, person.Age)
}

Struct Tags for 'encoding/form'

The format of an encoding/form struct tag is:

form="NAME,omitempty,prefix=PREFIX,suffix=SUFFIX"

NAME may be:
- -: Field is skipped
- +: Field represents a group (currently unused)
- A name, which is the name of the form field (name= or, in rare cases, id=)
omitempty causes the field to be left uninitialized if no value is present.
prefix allows a group prefix to be specified (currently unused)
suffix allows a group suffix to be specified (currently unused)

Validator and Setter Functions

During the decoding phase, a struct has two opportunities to interject functionality into the decoding process:

Validation: Functions following a specific naming convention can validate submitted values before they are inserted into the struct. This provides an oppotunity to validate data and return a complete error message with all validation errors.
Setting: Functions following the setter naming convention can set the value on a field. If an error occurs while setting, the decoding process is stopped and immediately returned.

Validator

To declare a validator as a method on a struct, use a method with the following signature:

// Validator indicates whether a form field is valid.
type Validator func(value []string) *ValidationError

It must match the following naming convention: FormValidateNAME.

Above, FIELD is the name of the field on the struct, and values is the array of values received in the url.Values object.

A validation error should be returned if the values is not well formed.

A validator should validate values, but not manipulate or store values.

Setter

To declare a form setter as a struct method, use this signature:

// Setter decodes a value for a field.
type Setter func(value []string) error

It must match the following naming convention: FormSetNAME.

A setter is responsible for setting the value on the struct. If this function returns a non-nil error, the form processing will immediately return in a failed state.

Masterminds / formenc